-
反义疑问句
(The
Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑问句。
它表示提问人的看法
,
没有把握
,<
/p>
需要
对方证实。
反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑
问句,两
部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1
.陈
述部分肯定式
+
疑问部分否定式
可记为
前肯后否
2
.陈述部分否定式
+
疑问部分肯定式
可记为
前否后肯
They work hard, don’t
they?
编辑本段主语
一般词语:附加疑问句中主语
用和主句一致的主语,用主格。
附加疑问句随从句。
不定代词
当陈述部分的主语是
(
1
p>
)用
one
时,后面的疑问句可用
one/he.
(
p>
2
)
everything,
anything, nothing,
something
时,
附加疑问句中主语用
it
不用
they
(
p>
3
)
this,
that,
或
those, these
时,附加疑问句中主语用
it
和
th
ey.
(
4
)
everyone
,
everybody
,
someone
,
somebody
等
,附加疑问句中主语一般用
he/they.
(
5
p>
)不定式,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用
it
。
(
6
)在<
/p>
there be
句型中,附加疑问句中主语一般用
be/
情态动词
/
助动词<
/p>
+there
。
编辑本段特殊句型
否定意义的词
否定意义的词
(
1
p>
)当陈述部分有
never
,
seldom, hardly
,
few
,
little
,
bar
ely, scarcely, nothing
等否定
意义
的词时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式:
There are few
apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly
swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(
p>
2
)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是
unh
appy, dislike, unfriendly
等含有否定词缀的派生
词,也就是有
un-
前缀、
-less
后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词,当做肯定句处理,疑问部
分要用否定形式。如:
He looks unhappy, doesn't
he?
他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
The girl
dislikes history, doesn't
she?
这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
有
less,
fewer
等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。如:
There will be less
pollution, won't there?
表示主语主观意愿的词:含有
think, believe,
suppose, imagine, expect
等动词后接宾语从
句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。
(1.
)
当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:
I expect our English teacher will be
back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you
have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注
意的是,
当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,
其仍
属否定句,
故其后的
简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。
例如:
I
don't believe that he can translate this book, can
he?
We don't imagine the twins have
arrived, have they?
此类句子的回答同
< br>前否后肯
型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞
胎已经到了,
则回答为
;若尚未到达,
使用
。
(2).
当主句的主语
为第二、
三人称时,
其后的简短问句则应与主句相一
致
(此时,
否定只看主句,
与从句无关
...
)
。
例
如:
Your sister supposes she needs no help,
doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed
the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an
engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we
are coming so soon, does she?
(3)
但
如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
had better
或
have
陈述部分有
had better,
或
其中的
have
表示完成时态时,疑问句应用
< br>hadn’t
等开头:
You’d better
get up early, hadn’t you?
其他情况句中有
have
时疑问句应用
don't
等开头
< br>
如
have
表示
“
有
< br>”
的时候,有两种形
式:(
ha
ve
表示有
可用
do
或
have
来改写)
-He
has two sisters, doesn't he? =He has two sisters,
hasn't he?
He doesn't have any sisters, does he?
祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问
句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:
1
)一般情况下用
will you
或
won't
you
。
e.g. Give me a hand, will
you?
Leave all the things as they are, won't
you?
2)
以
Let's
开头的祈使句,
疑问句用
shall
we;
以
Let
us
或
Let
me
开头的祈使句,
问句用
will
you
。
e.g. Let's go
out for a walk, shall we?
Let us go out for a walk,
will you?
Let me help you, will you?
3)
当陈
述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用
will you
或
can you
。
e.g. Don't make much noise,
will/can you?
There
be
句型
There be
句型中,反义疑问部分必须为
be
动词
+ there
There are some apples in the basket,
aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
当陈述部分有情态动词
mu
st
,问句有
4
种情况:
(
1
)
p>
mustn't
表示
“
禁止,不可,不必
”
时,附加问句通常要用
must.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇:高分子材料工程专业英语词汇及部分课文翻译
下一篇:法律英语翻译中存在的问题