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实用文案
名词单复数教案、习题
1.
名词
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词
,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如
Beijing
,
China
等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个
抽象概念的名词,如:
book
,
sa
dness
等。普
通名词又可分为下面四类:
< br>
1
)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中
的个体,如:
gun
。
p>
2
)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:
family
。
3
p>
)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:
air
。
4
)抽象
名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:
work
。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,
< br>称为可数名词,
物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,
称为不可数名词。
1.1
名词复数的规则变化
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加
–
s
清辅音后读
/s/
map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读
/z/
bag-bags /car-cars
以
s, sh, ch,
x
等结尾
加
–
es
读
/iz/
bus-buses/ watch-watches
以
ce, se,
ze,
等结尾
加
–
s
读
/iz/
license-licenses
以辅音字母
+y
结尾
变
y
为
i
再加
es
读
/z/
baby---babies
1.2
其它名词复数的规则变化
1
)
以
p>
y
结尾的专有名词,或元音字母
+y
p>
结尾的名词变复数时,直接加
s
变复数。例
如:
two
Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys
holiday---holidays
2
)
以
o
结尾的名词,变复数时:
a.
加
s
,如:
photo---photos
piano---pianos
radio---radios
zoo
---zoos
;
b.
加
es
,如:
potato--potatoes
tomato--tomatoes
c.
上述
a
和
b
两种方法均可,如
zero---
zeros / zeroes
。
3
)
以
f
或
fe
结尾的名词变复数时:
a.
加
s
,如:
belief---beliefs
roof---roofs
safe---
safes
gulf---gulfs
;
b.
去
f,fe
加
ves
,如:
half---
halves
knife---knives
leaf---leaves
wolf---wolves
wife---
wives
life---
lives
thief---thieves
;
c.
上述
a
和
b
两种方法均可,如
handker
chief: handkerchiefs /
handkerchieves
。
1.3
名词复数的不规则变化
1
)
child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women
注意:由一个词加
man
或
woman
构成的合成词,其复数形式也是
-men
和
-women
,如
an
Englishman
,
two
p>
Englishmen
。但
German<
/p>
不是合成词,故复数形式为
Germans
;
Bowman
是姓,其
复数是
p>
the Bowmans
。
2
)
单复同
形,如
deer
,
sheep
,
fish
,
Chin
ese
,
Japanese
,
li
,
jin
,
p>
yuan
,
two
li
,
three
mu
,
four jin
等。
但除人民币的元、
角、
分外,
< br>美元、
英镑、
法郎等都有复数形式。
如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter,
two meters
。
3
)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
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people
police
cattle
等本身就是复数,不能说
a
people
,
a
police
,
a
cattle
,但可以说
a
person
,
a
policeman
,
a head
of cattle, the English
,
the
British
,
the
French
,
the
Chinese
,
the
Japanese
,
the Swiss
等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如
The
Chinese are industries and brave.
中国人民是勤劳勇敢
的。
4
)
以
p>
s
结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths
,
politics
,
physics
等学科名词,一般是
不可数名词,为单数。
b. news
为不可数名词。
c. the
United States
,
the United
Nations
应视为单数。
The United
Nations was organized in 1945.
联合国是
1945
年组建起来的。
d.
以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为
单数。例如:
《一千零一夜》是一本
非常有趣的故事书。
5
)
表示由两部分构成的东西,如:
glasses
(眼镜)
trousers,
clothes
等,若表达具体数目,要
借助数量词
pair
(对,双)
;
suit
(套)
; a
pair of glasses; two pairs of
trousers
等。
6
)
另外还
有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:
goods
货物,
waters
水域,
fishe
s
(各
种)鱼。
1.4
不可数名词量的表示
1
)物质名词
a.
当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:
Cake is a kind of
food.
蛋糕是一种食物。
(不可数)
These cakes
are sweet.
这些蛋糕很好吃。
(可数)
b.
当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
This factory produces steel.
(不可数)
We need
various steels.
(可数)
c.
当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is famous for tea.
我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two
teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2
)
抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four freedoms
四大自由
the
four modernizations
四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如
a
glass of water
一杯水
/ a piece
of advice
一
则建议。
5.
定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数
,但也有以下例外。
1)
用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting
运动会
students
reading-room
学生阅览室
talks table
谈判桌
the foreign languages department
外语系
2
)
man, woman, gentleman
等作定语时,其
单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:
men workers
women teachers
gentlemen officials
3
)
有些原
有
s
结尾的名词,作定语时,
s
保留。例如:
goods train
(货车)
arms produce
武器生产
customs papers
海关文件
clothes brush
衣刷
4
)
数词<
/p>
+
名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
two-dozen eggs
两打鸡蛋
a ten-mile walk
十英里路
two-hundred
trees
两百棵树
a five-year
plan.
一个五年计划
1.6
不同国籍人的单复数
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国籍
总称(谓语用复数)
单数
复数
中国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two
Chinese
瑞士人
the Swiss
a Swiss
two Swiss
澳大利亚人
the Australians
an Australian
two Australians
俄国人
the Russians
a Russian
two Russians
意大利人
the Italians
an Italian
two Italians
希腊人
the Greek
a
Greek
two Greeks
法国人
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen
日本人
the
Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese
美国人
the Americans
an American
two Americans
印度人
the Indians
an Indian
two
Indians
加拿大人
the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians
德国人
the Germans
a
Germans
two Germans
英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen
瑞典人
the Swedish
a Swede
two Swedes
1.7
名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加
来表示所有关系
,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:
a teacher's
book
。名词所有格的规则如下:
1
)
单数名
词词尾加
,复数名词词尾没有
s
,也要加
,如
the
boy's bag
男孩的书包
men's room
男厕所。
2
)
若名词已有复数词尾
-s
,只加
p>
,如:
the workers'
struggle
工人的斗争。
3
)
凡不能
加
的名词,
都可以用
< br>
名词
+of +
名词
的结构来表示所有关系,
如:
the title of the song
歌
的名字。
4
)
在表示
店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:
t
he barber's
理发店。
5
)
如果两
个名词并列,并且分别有
's
,则表示
分别有
;只有一个
's
,则表示
'
共有
'
。例如:
John's
and Mary's rooms
(两间)
John and Mary's
room
(一间)
6
)
复合名词或短语,
's
加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:
a month or
two's absence
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名词单复数练习
(
)
was
eager
to
make
some
extra
money,
since
during
these
years
he
could
hardly
live
on
his_______.
A. little wage
B. few wage
C. wage
D. wages
(
) of the houses in the
village were burnt to ______ during the war.
A.
an ash
B. the ash
c. ash
d. ashes
(
)
students at colleges or universities are making
______ for the coming New Year.
a.
many preparations
b.
much preparation
c. preparations
d. preparation
(
)ng in _____ is one of
their spare-time activities.
a.
oil
b. an oil
c. oils
d. the oil
(
) room was
small and contained far too ______.
a.
much new furniture
c. much new
furnitures
b. many new furniture
d. many new furnitures
(
) was late for
two classes this morning. He said that he forgot
both of the ______.
a. rooms number
b. room number
c. room’s numbers
d. room numbers
(
)ers can do
______ work in a short time, but a man can not do
______ by himself.
a great many…many
c.
much…a great deal
b. a great deal of…much
d.
many…a great many
(
)8
.She didn’t know _____ he
had been given.
A. how many
information
B. how many informations
C. the number of
information
D. how much
information
(
) invited all of his ______ to join his
wedding party.
a. comrade-in-arms
c. comrades-in-arm
b. comrades-in-arms
d. comrade-in-arm
(
)
the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.
a.
women doctors
c.
woman doctors
b.
women doctor
d. woman doctor
(
) ten years,
all these youngsters became_____.
a.
growns-ups
c. growns-up
b. grown-up
d. grown-ups
(
)12
.Mary’s dres
s
is similar in appearance to her ______.
a.
elder sister
b. elder sister’s
c. elder sisters
d.
elder sisters dress
(
) the people at
the conference are ______.
a.
mathematic teachers
c. mathematics teacher
atics teachers
d. mathematic’s
teachers
(
)s _____ with
matter and motion.
a. deal
b.
deals
c. dealing
d.
are
(
) has written several books, but his
last works _____ well known among his friends.
a. have
b. have been
c. is
d. are
(
)
he checked up my ______ heart, the doctor advised
him to rest for a few days.
a. father-
in-
law’s
c.
father’s
-in-law
b. father-in-
law
d.
father’s
-in-
law’s
(
)
told me _____ would come to his birthday party.
a.
many
J
ack friends
c.
many Jack’s friend
b.
Jack’s many
friends
d. many friends of
Jack’s
(
)18.I had my hair cut at
the _____ around the corner.
a.
barber
b. barbers
c. barber’s
d.
barbers’
(
)day evening we had a
lovely evening at ______.
A
Peter and Helen’s
c.
Peter and Helen
b.
Peter and Helens
d.
Peter’s and Helen’s
(
)20
.______ receives only a
small portion of the total amount of the sun’s
energy.
a. The earth’s
surface
c. The
surface of earth
b. The surface earth
d. The earth surface
(
)21
.Why did you speak to
Peter that way? Don’t you know he is an old friend
of ______?
a. my brother
b. my brothers
c. my brother’s
d. my brother’s
friend
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