2018年12月大学英语六级真题第三套

2018

年

12

月大学 英语六级考试真题（第

3

套）

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on

how to academic study and extracurricular

activities.

You should write at least

150

words but no more than

200

words.

______ __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________

______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ___

____________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____________

Part II

Listening Comprehension

(30 minutes)

说明： 由于

2018

年

12

< br>月六级考试全国共考了

2

套听力，本套真题听力与前

2

套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一

样，因此 在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:

In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list

of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.

Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

In

what

’

s

probably

the

craziest

headline

I

’

ve

ever

written,

I

’

ve

reported

that

26

in

livestock

protection

are

happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who

’

re

protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of

sense, it results in many lion deaths that

27

would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been

28

and

testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.

This idea is based on the principle that lions and other

29

are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being

watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which

are expanding to the

30

of these protected areas.

Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for

conservation.

“

If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana

—

and

31

—

with a low-cost, sustainable tool

to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.

”

Lions are

32

< br>ambush

（埋伏）

hunters, so when they feel their prey has

33

them, they usually give up on the hunt.

Researchers are

34

testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the

other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to

35

if their

psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.

A)advances

I

）

otherwise

B)boundaries

J)predators

C)challenging

K) primarily

D)currently

L

）

retorted

E)determine

M

）

spotted

F)devising

N) testimonies

G)elsewhere

O

）

wrestle

H)nevertheless

Section B

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

are

going

to

read

a

passage

with

ten

statements

attached

to

it.

Each

statement

contains

information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph

more

than

once. Each

paragraph

is

marked with

a

letter.

Answer

the

questions

by

marking

the

corresponding

letter on

Answer Sheet 2

.

Resilience Is About How Y

ou Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when

one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing,

going through security, doing a last- minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have

that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies

over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with

（继续处理）

the emails that have inevitably still piled

up.

[B] Why should flying deplete us? We

’

re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can

’

t we be tougher, more re silient

（有

复原力的）

and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current

research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes

from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic,

“

tough

< br>”

approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through

the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We

believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this

entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful.

Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety

problems. And lack of recovery

—

whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal

by watching our phones

—

is costing our companies $$62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn

’

t mean we are recovering. We

“

stop

”

work sometimes at 5 pm, but then we

spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking

about how much work we

’

ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians

have become workaholics

（工作狂）

. The scientists cite a definition of

“

workaholism

”

as

“

being overly concerned about

work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other

important life areas.

”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which

prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S.. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical

company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery,

resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience

might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3 am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A

resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his

impaired driving; he doesn

’

t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his

friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad

habits we acquire when we

’

re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more

time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to

“

try hard

”

requires burning energy in

order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due

to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery

period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails

or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you

’

ll

have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep

because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel

exhausted the next day. That

’

s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you

’

re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers

Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper:

“

Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that

take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by

shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are

temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work

—

e.g. in the free time

between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.

”

If after work you lie around on your bed and get

irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home,

your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be

tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day

by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times

you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically

scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction

took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

[L]In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your

desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends

—

not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not

only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we

’

ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase.

The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and

unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch

movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return

to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one

’

s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44. People

’

s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

Section C

Directions: T

here are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A),

B),

C)and

D).

You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2

with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.