汉译英实用技巧

“

狼负我，狼负我！

”

狼曰：

“

吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。

“ You

are

an

ungrateful

beast,” complained

the

man.

“Not

at

all,”

retorted

the

wolf,

“it

is

not

that

I?m

ungrateful,

but

you

men

were

created

for

us

to

devour.”

（颜惠 庆译《马中锡

·

中山狼传》

）

他急切地想得到消息。

He was news-hungry.

并不是所有的人都喜欢这个方案。

The

program

was

not

popular

with

all

of

the

staff.

(4)

动词译成介词或介词短语

巴拿马人追求的最大目标是有机会从运河那里得到更多的收入。

The

most

the

Panamanians

are

after

is

a

chance

to

get

more

income

from

the

Canal.

有这样一个对手，倒是我们的幸运。

We

were

fortunate

in

our

opponent.

(5)

动词译成副词

每一次出游都是上次的继续，而不是重复。

Each

time

out

was

a

continuation,

not

a

repetition.

电视剧已经开始了。

The

TV

play

is

on.

(6)

形容词译成名词

我们对未来感到谨慎的乐观。

We

feels

cautious

optimism

about

the

future.

他注意到两国在柏林问题上的看法非常一致。

He

noticed

a

very

close

agreement

between

the

two

countries

on

the

Berlin

problem.

(7)

名词译成形容词

该机票的有效期为一年。

The

plane

ticket

would

be

good/ valid for

one

year.

(8)

名词译成副词

官方宣布，联合王国政府于

1997

年

7

月

1

日将香港交换给中华人民共和国。

It

was

officially

announced

that

the

Government

of

the

United

Kingdom

will

restore

Hong

Kong

to

the

People?s

Republic

of

China

wit

h

effect

from

1

July

1997.

这家报社的社论说，两国目前还谈不上核合作。

The

paper

said

editorially

that

nuclear

cooperation

between

the

two

countries

is

out

of

the

question

for

the

present.

2.

主被动语态的转换

(1)

主动译成被动

最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。

Serious

cases

of

embezzlement,

bribery,

and

bureaucracy

have

been

brought

to

light

recently.

《中苏友好同盟互助条约》已经名存实亡。

Sino-Soviet

Treaty

of

Friendship,

Alliance

and

Mutual

Assistance

had

now

been

reduced

to

less

than

a

shadow.

(2)

被动译成主动

聪明反被聪明误。

The

clea

r

failed

because

of

one?s

cleverness.

3.

句型转换

(1)

简单句之间的转换

简单句之间可以转 换，来表达相同或相近的意思。可改动的部分可能是主语，可能是谓语，

可能是宾语，可 能是定语，也可能是状语。

改造人的思想不是一件容易的事情。

Remoulding

of

one?s

ideology

is

not

an

easy

thing.

Ideological

remoulding is

not

an

easy

thing.

农民从改革中得到了实惠。

The

peasants received

benefit

from the

reform.

The

peasants benefited

by

the

reform.

外国朋友对我们在空间技术方面取得的巨大成就感到很惊讶。

The foreigners

marveled

at

our great

achievements

on

space

technology.

The foreigners

marveled

at

greatness

of

our achievements

on

space

technology.

(2)

单句与并列句之间的转换

带有因果关系的并列句可以的转换成简单句。

这套房子的窗户很大，可以接受充分的阳光。

The

window

of

this

flat

is

very

large,

hence

it

can

admit

an

adequate

amount

of

sunlight.

（译成并列句）

The

window

of

this

flat

is

large

enough

to

admit

an

adequate

amount

of

sunlight.

（译成简单从句）

(3)

复句与单句之间的转换

< /p>

复句与单句之间的转换的特点是将复句的一部分变成短语，

这部分 可能是主语从句，

表语从

句，宾语从句，定语从句，或状语从句 。

遗憾的是，你已经结过婚了。

It is a pity you

have

already got

married.

（复句）

It is a pity for you to have

already got

married.

（单句）

问题是如何发展。

The

question

now

is

how

we

should

develop.

（复句）

The

question

now

is

how to develop.

（单句：复句中的表语从句变成短语）

格里利坚持要那位家伙买《纽约论坛报》来读。

Hollis Greely

insisted that

the

fellow

buy

New York Forum.

（复句）

Hollis Greely

insisted

on

that

fellow

buying

New York Forum.

（单句）

愿意留下的可以留下。

Those

who

want

to

remain

may

do

so.

（复句）

Those

wanting

to

remain

may

do

so.

（单句）

万一陛下处死乔治

·

威瑟，那我就要沦为英国最蹩脚的诗了。

In case

Your Majesty

puts

Wither to death , I will be reduced

to the

shoddiest

poet in the

UK.

（复句）

Your

Majesty

putting

Wither

to

death

,

I

will

be

reduced

to

the

shoddiest

poet

in

the

UK.

（单句）

4.

省译技巧

(pruning)