2010考研英语二真题答案超详解析

2010

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It

is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.

The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp

rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is

_____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in

the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large

number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height

of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In

the

United

States,

new

cases

seemed

to

fade_____10_____warmer

weather

arrived.

But

in

late

September

2009,

officials

reported

there

was

_____11_____flu

activity

in

almost

every

state

and

that

virtually

all

the_____12_____tested

are

the

new

swine

flu,

also

known

as

(A)

H1N1,

not

seasonal

flu.

In

the

U.S.,

it

has_____13_____more

than

one

million

people,

and

caused

more

than

600

deaths

and

more

than

6,000

hospitalizations.

Federal

health

officials_____14_____Tamiflu

for

children

from

the

national

stockpile

and

began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from

the

annual

flu

vaccine,

is

____16_____

ahead

of

expectations.

More

than

three

million

doses

were

to

be

made

available

in

early

October

2009,

though

most

of

those

_____17_____doses

were

of

the

FluMist

nasal

spray

type,

which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or

several

other

_____19_____.

But

it

was

still

possible

to

vaccinate

people

in

other

high- risk

group:

health

care

workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.

1 [A] criticized

2 [A] proceeded

3 [A] digits

4 [A] moderate

6 [A] progress

7 [A] reality

8. [A]over

10 [A] as

9 [A] stay up

[B] appointed

[B] activated

[B] numbers

[B] normal

[C]commented

[C] followed

[C] amounts

[C] unusual

[C] presence

[C] concept

[C] among

[C] fill up

[C] unless

[C] significant

[C] patterns

[C] injected

[C] taking

[C] reliable

[C] relieved

[D] designated

[D] prompted

[D] sums

[D] extreme

[D] by

[D] favor

[D] notice

[D] to

[D] cover up

[D] until

[D]magnificent

[D] samples

[D] infected

[D] remained

[D] giving

[D] applicable

[D] initial

5 [A] with

[B] in

[C] from

[B] absence

[B] for

[B] if

[B] phenomenon

[B] crop up

[B] enormous

[B] examples

[B] immerse

[B] relayed

[B] available

[B] principal

11 [A] excessive

12 [A]categories

13 [A] imparted

14 [A] released

16 [A] feasible

17 [A] prevalent

15 [A] placing

[B] delivering

[C] innovative

18 [A] presented

19 [A] problems

20 [A] involved in

[B] restricted

[B] issues

[B] caring for

[C] recommended

[C] agonies

[C] concerned with

[D] introduced

[D] sufferings

[D] warding off

Section

Ⅱ

Reading comprehension

Part A

Text 1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by

Damien Hirst,

“

Beautiful Inside My Head Forever

”

，

at Sotheby

’

s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two

pieces sold, fetching more than

￡

70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer

called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At

its peak in 2007 it was worth some $$65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm

—

double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $$50 billion. But the market generates

interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in

a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst

’

s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable,

especially in New York, where the bail- out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial

demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.

Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector

—

for Chinese contemporary art

—

they

were

down

by

nearly

90%

in

the

year

to

November

2008.

Within

weeks

the

world’s

two

biggest

auction

houses,

Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with

them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end

of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts

reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But

Edward Do

lman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the

early

1990s,

when

interest

rates

were

high,

there

was

no

demand

even

though

many

collectors

wanted

to

sell.

Christie

’

s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was

interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of

good work to sell. The three Ds

—

death, debt and divorce

—

still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who

does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as

“

a last victory

”

because ____.

A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

saying

“

spending

of

any

sort

became

deeply

unf ashionable

”

(Line

1-2,Para.3)

，

the

author

suggests

that_____.

A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

C. The market generally went downward in various ways.

D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

A. auction houses ' favorites

B. contemporary trends

C. factors promoting artwork circulation

D. styles representing impressionists

25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___

A. Fluctuation of Art Prices

B. Up-to-date Art Auctions

C. Art Market in Decline

D. Shifted Interest in Arts

Text 2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room

—

a women's group that had invited men to

join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,

while

his

wife

sat

silently

beside

him

on

the

couch.

Toward

the

end

of

the

evening

I

commented

that

women

frequently

complain

that

their

husbands

don't

talk

to

them.

This

man

quickly

nodded

in

agreement.

He

gestured

toward his wife and said,

hurt.

true,

he

explained.

I

come

home

from

work,

I

have

nothing

to

say.

If

she

didn't

keep

the

conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence.

This

episode

crystallizes

the

irony

that

although

American

men

tend

to

talk

more

than

women

in

public

situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler

Riessman reports in her new book

—

but only a few of the

men

—

gave

lack

of

communication

as

the

reason

for

their

divorces.

Given

the

current

divorce

rate

of

nearly

50

percent

，

that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year

—

a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities

such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of

daily

life-support

work

like

cleaning,

cooking,

social

arrangements

and

errands.

Instead

they

focused

on

communication:

wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of

their wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the

breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

A. Talking to them.

B. Trusting them.

C. Supporting their careers.

D. Sharing housework.

27. Judging from the context, the phrase

“

wreaking havoc

”

(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .

A. generating motivation.

B. exerting influence

C. causing damage

D. creating pressure

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______

A. men tend to talk more in public than women

B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

C. women attach much importance to communication between couples

D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.

B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.

C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.

D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus

on ______

A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text

3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors

—

habits

—

among

consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and

wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“

There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only

because we can

’

t figure out how to change people

’

s habits,

”

Dr. Curtis said.

“

We wanted to learn from private

industry how to create new beh

aviors that happen automatically.”

The

companies

that

Dr.

Curtis

turned

to

—

Procter

&

Gamble,

Colgate-Palmolive

and

Unilever

—

had

invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers

’

lives that corporations could use to

introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —

chewing gums, skin moisturizers,

disinfecting

wipes,

air

fresheners,

water

purifiers,

health

snacks,

antiperspirants,

colognes,

teeth

whiteners,

fabric

softeners,

vitamins

—

are

results

of

manufactured

habits.

A

century

ago,

few

people

regularly

brushed

their

teeth

multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually

give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many

people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling

the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum,

once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for

use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing

and putting on makeup.

“

Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,

”

said Carol Berning, a consumer

psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $$76 billion of Tide, Crest and other

products last year.

“

Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consu

mers’ lives, and it’s essential to

making new products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying

certain

behaviors

to

habitual

cues

through

relentless

advertising.

As

this

new

science

of

habit

has

emerged,

controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deeply rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____

[A] reveal their impact on people

’

s habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C] indicate their effect on people

’

s buying power

[D] manifest the significant role of good habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people

’

s habits?

[A]Tide

[B] Crest

[C] Colgate

[D] Unilever

34. From the text we know that some of consumer

’

s habits are developed due to _____

[A]perfected art of products

[B]automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

35. The author

’

s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people

’

s habits is____

[A] indifferent

[B] negative

[C] positive

[D] biased

Text

4

Many

Americans

regard

the

jury

system

as

a

concrete

expression

of

crucial

democratic

values,

including the

principles

that

all

citizens

who

meet

minimal

qualifications

of

age and

literacy

are

equally

competent

to

serve

on

juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen

should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are

entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the

letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.

In

a

direct

democracy,

citizens

take

turns

governing

themselves,

rather

than

electing

representatives

to

govern

for

them.

But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for

example,

jury

duty

was

limited

to

persons

of

supposedly

superior

intelligence,

education,

and

moral

character.

Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as

early

as

the

1880

case

of

Strauder

v.

West

Virginia,

the

practice

of

selecting

so-called

elite

or

blue- ribbon

juries

provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first

served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for

jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to

have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,

and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of

democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required

them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs.

Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to

the

state

level.

The

Taylor

decision

also

declared

sex

discrimination

in

jury

selection

to

be

unconstitutional

and

ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______

[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries

[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers

[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

[A]they were automatically banned by state laws

[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications

[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D]they tended to evade public engagement

39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______

[A]its nature and problems

[B]its characteristics and tradition

[C]its problems and their solutions

[D]its tradition and development

Part B

BOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively.

Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford

University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use,

and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl

Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation

—

a V-shape, echelon or otherwise

—

expend less

energy. The air flowing over a b

ird’s wings curls upward

s behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash.

Other

birds

flying

in

the

upwash

experience

reduced

drag,

and

spend

less

energy

propelling

themselves.

Peter

Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern

When

applied

to

aircraft,

the

principles

are

not

substantially

different.

Dr

Kroo

and

his

team

modelled

what

would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous

over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally s so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions,

and

proceed

to

London.

They

found

that

the

aircraft

consumed

as

much

as

15%

less

fuel

(with

a

concomitant

reduction

in

carbon-dioxide

output).

Nitrogen-oxide

emissions

during

the

cruising

portions

of

the

flight

fell

by

around a quarter.

There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would

passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several

nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A

passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved

would

satisfy

air-traffic-control

regulations

is

another

matter,

although

a

working

group

at

the

International

Civil

Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In

zones of increased turbulence, the planes

’

wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says

this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co- ordinate the departure

times

and

destinations

of

passenger

aircraft

in

a

way

that

would

allow

them

to

gain

from

formation

flight.

Cargo

aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

As

it

happens,

America

’

s

armed

forces

are

on

the

case

already.

Earlier

this

year

the

country

’

s

Defence

Advanced

Research

Projects

Agency

announced

plans

to

pay

Boeing

to

investigate

formation

flight,

though

the

programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on

fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my

cousin the skipper of a Lancast

er lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.

41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.

ion flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

45. It has been documented that during World War II, America

’

s armed forces once tried formation flight to

save fuel.

ions:

In

this

section

there

is

a

text

in

English

.Translate

it

into

Chinese.

Write

your

translation

on

ANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

“

Suatainability”

has

become

apopular

word

these

days,

but

to

Ted

Ning,

the

c

oncept

will

always

have

personal

meaning.

Having

endured

apainful

period

of

unsustainability

in

his

own

life

made

itclear

to

him

that

sustainability-oriented

values

must

be

expressed

though

everyday

action

and

choice

。

Ning

recalls

spending

aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He

’

d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for

ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency

。

It didin

’

t go well.

“

It was a really had move

because that’s not my passion,”

says Ning, whose dilemma about the job tran

slated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much

anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job.

Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”

4

7. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino- American cultural exchange program. Write a

letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course

。

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use

“

Zhang Wei

”

instead

。

Do not write your address. (10 points)

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments

。

You should write at least 150 words

。

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

范文：

In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase

from

1990

to

2007

and

then

remain

constant

in

2008.

Meanwhile

the

mobile

phone

subscriptions

in

developing

countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest

surge happens from 2005 to 2006.

This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries.

The

developed

countries

have

a

limited

number

of

populations,

most

of

whom

are

well-educated.

Therefore,

the

spreading

of

the

mobile

phone

service

is

efficient

and

soon

the

market

is

saturated.

Also

at

the

beginning

the

developed countries have more people who can afford this service. The developing countries have a large population

who

keeps

a

large

demand

for

mobile

service.

As

the

mobile

phone

service

becomes

cheaper

and

cheaper,

the

increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service

。

As

discussed

above,

it

is

not

surprising

to

see

this

change.

In

my

opinion,

this

trend

that

the

number

of

mobile- phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future

Section I

Use of English

一、文章题材结构分析

本文是取材于 新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段

简

述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专 家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨

西哥及

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美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具 体措施。

二、试题解析

1.

【答案】

D

【解析】上文提到“…

was declared a global epidemic

…”

，根据

declare

的逻辑（

“宣布为”

）

，可知应该选

D

项

de signated

“命名，制定”

，而不是

C

项

commented

“评论”

，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2

．

【答案 】

C

【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案 ，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓

住

alert

、

meeting

和

a sharp rise

三者的关系，根据

after a sharp rise

可知是

ri se

（

“病例数的增加”

）是