-
一、假设，猜想（
guess
）
esis [ha
??
p
?
θ
?
s
?
s]
【例句】
Their hypothesis is that
watching excessive amounts of television reduces
a person's ability to concentrate.
【翻译】他们的假说认为过度观看电视会导致注意力不集中等问题。
ation [
?
spekju
?
le
??
n]
【例句】
The book is
just a lot of idle speculation about the future.
【翻译】这本书就是很多关于未来的无意义的猜想。
tion [
??
s
< br>?
mp
?
n]
< br>
【例句】
Her
plan
is
based
on
the
underlying
assumption
that
the
economy
will
improve
in the near future.
【翻译】她的计划是基于这样一个假设：经济将在不久的将来会有所改善。
二、提议（
suggestion
）
al [pr
??
p
??
zl]
【例句】
This proposal would be a
less restrictive way of obtaining the same
information.
【翻译】该提议是以相对轻松的方式获取同等信息。
endation [
?
rek
?
men
?
de
??
n]
【例句】
The
president,
according
to
a
White
House
statement
last
week,
has
decided
to accept our
recommendation.
【翻译】白宫发言人上周表示总统已经决定接受我们的提议。
ition [
?
pr
?
p
??
z
< br>??
n]
【例句】
Right now, a significant
minority (some 40 percent) of African-American
voters already agrees with that
proposition.
【翻译】现在，少数非洲裔美国选民（将近
40%
）已经同意了该提议。
三、
动机、动力（
motivation)
s [
?
?
mp
?
t
?
s]
【例句】
This is the primary
impetus behind the economic recovery.
【翻译】这是促使经济复苏的主要动力
.
um [m
??
ment
?
m]
【例句】
They
are
each
anxious
to
maintain
the
momentum
of
the
search
for
a
solution.
【翻译】他们每个人都迫切希望能一直
劲头十足地去寻求解决方案。
ive [
?
n
?
sent
< br>?
v]
【例句】
She alone had not only
the incentive, but the necessary opportunity.
【翻译】她不是缺少动力，而是缺少必要的机会。
agement [
?
n
?
k
?
r
< br>?
d
?
m
?
nt]
【例句】
He's
so
invested
in
this
dream
of
becoming
a
writer
that
any
encouragement
sends him flying.
【翻译】他为实现作家
梦付出了很大的心血，任何鼓励都让他非常高兴。
四、评估，估计
< br>（
evaluation
）
ment [
??
sesm
?
nt]
【例句】
This was an
uncharitable assessment of the reasons for the
failure.
【翻译】这是对失败原因毫不讲情面的分析评估
sal [
??
pre
?
zl]
【例句】
What is needed in such
cases is a calm appraisal of the situation.
【翻译】在此类情况下需要对形势有一个冷静的评估。
te [
?
est
?
m
?
t]
【例句】
At least one estimate
puts the total tab at $$7 million.
【翻译】
至少有一个估价把总数定在了
700
万美元。
< br>
nt [
?
d
??
d
?
m
< br>?
nt]
【例句】
Our judgment as to the
cause of his failure must rest on the evidence.
【翻译】我们是基于证据对他失败的原因进行评估。
五、混乱
（
disorder
）
anization
[d
?
s
??
:
ɡ
?
na
?
'ze
??
n]
【例句】
May beth is is just
another manifestation of Democratic
disorganization.
【翻译】也许这又一次彰显了民主混乱。
[
?
ke
?
?
s]
【例句】
Whatever troubles arise,
we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.
【翻译】无论出现什么样的麻烦，我们都会在貌似混乱的情形中保持平和的心态。
ence [
?
t
?
:bj
?
l
?
ns]
【例句】
Theworld situation is
characterized by turbulence and intranquility.
【翻译】世界局势动荡不安
.
l [
?
t
?
:m<
/p>
??
l]
【例句】
My emotional turmoil had
drained me.
【翻译】纷乱的情绪让我心力交瘁。
六、工具设备（
tool
）
nce [
??
pla
??
ns
]
【例句】
He could
also learn to use the vacuum cleaner, the washing
machine and
otherhousehold appliances.
【翻译】他可以再学学使用吸尘器、洗衣机和其他家用电器
ent [
??
kw
< br>?
pm
?
nt]
【例句】
The photographer
came early to set up his equipment.
【翻译】摄影师很早就把他的设备搭起来了。
[d
??
va
?
s]
【例句】
The device can
discriminate between the cancerous and the normal
cells.
【翻译】这台仪器可以辨别癌细胞和正常的细胞。
tus [
?
?
p
??
re
?
t
?
s]
【例句】
They
lacked
the
scientific
personnel
to
develop
the
technical
apparatus
much
further.
【翻译】他们缺少能够进一步研发这一技术装置的科研人员。
ment [
??
nstr
?
m
?
nt]
【例句】
The veto has been
a traditional instrument of diplomacy for
centuries.
【翻译】几个世纪以来否决权一直是外交上惯用的手段。
七、同盟联盟
league
ion [
?
k
????
l
??
n]
【例句】
The Liberal leader
has announced his party's withdrawal from the
ruling
coalition.
【翻译】自由党领袖已宣布该党退出执政联盟。
ce[
??
la
??
ns]
【例句】
Yet now he was here, in
extremis, to seek an alliance.
【翻译】然而现在他就在这里，在绝境中寻求联盟。
[
?
?
la
?
]
【例句】
He isa close ally of the
Prime Minister.
【翻译】他是首相的亲密支持者。
[
?
ju:ni
?
n]
【例句】
Inunion
there is strength.
【翻译】团结就是力量
八、娱乐消遣（
leisure
）
e [
?
p
ɑ
:sta
?
m]
【例句】
Readingalways been an
important part of learning and enjoyable pastime
.
一直以来
【翻译】读书都是学习中
的一个重要部分，也是消磨时间的好方法。
tion [
?
rekri
?
e
??
n]
【例句】
Allthe family members
need to have their own interests and recreations.
【翻译】所有的家庭成员都需要有自己的兴趣和休闲方式。
ion [da
??
v
?
:
?
n]
< br>
【例句】
Fingerpainting is
very messy but an excellent diversion.
【翻译】用手指画画是很脏，但却是一项极好的消遣。
九、方式方法（
< br>way
）
[
?
m<
/p>
?
n
?
(r)]
【例句】
For now, we
need to interpret the law and its guidelines as
accurately as
we can and to act in a
fair manner.
【翻译】现在，我们需要尽可能准确地阐释法律和准则，并
以公平的方式行动。
n [
?
f
?
?
n]
【例句】
So
business
might
mean,
engaging
in
an
occupation,
work,
ortrade
in
a mindful, awake fashion.
【翻译】所以“有意识的商
业”可能意味着用警觉的、醒着的样式参与一项职业，工作或者
贸易。
< br>
ch [
??
pr
??
t
?
]
【例句】
We will be
exploring different approaches to gathering
information.
【翻译】我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
[
?
t
?<
/p>
kt
?
k]
【例句】
The
giant
oilcorporations
are
earning
fabulous
profits
by
cunning
tactics.
【翻译】这些大石油公司以狡诈的手段赚取巨额利润。
[mi:nz]
【例句】
According
tosocial
learning
theories,
social
interaction
is
a
means
by
which
people acquireattitudes, beliefs, and
behaviors.
【翻译】根据社会学习理论，社会交往是人们获得态度、信念和
行为的一种手段。
l [
?
t
?
?
nl]
【例句】
The
Americansrecognise
that
the
UN
can
be
the
channel
for
greater
diplomatic
activity.
【翻译】美国人认识到可以通过联合国这个渠道开展更多的外交活动。
十、标准（
standard
）
ia [kr
a
?
't
??
r
??
]
【例句】
At the moment candidates
are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria
such as prior academic and career
performance, and analytical and problem
solvingabilities.
【翻译】
目前选举候选人的一系列标准非常狭隘，
例如以前的学术和职业表现，
分析和解决
问题的能力。
[n
?
:m]
【例句】
We conform to norms so
readily that we are hardly aware they exist.
【翻译】我们很轻而易举便遵守规则，所以我们很难意识到他们的存在。
十一、进展（
progresss
）
e [
?
d
?
v
ɑ
:ns
]
【例句】
Medical
technology has advanced considerably...
【翻译】医学技术突飞猛进。
y
['hedwe
?
]
【例句】
She has made remarkable
headway in her writing skills.
【翻译】她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步
.
十二、渴望希望（
hope
）
[d
??
za
??
(r)]
【例句】
They seem to regain
their desire for life.
【翻译】他们似乎重获对生活的热望。
ess ['i:g
?
n
?
s]
【例句】
He began to explain with
the most considerable eagerness.
【翻译】他开始解释，显得郑重其事，又万分热诚。
[
?
:d
?
]
【例句】
He had an
urge to open a shop of his own...
【翻译】他很想自己开一家店
[<
/p>
?
h
?
?
g
?
(r)]
【例句】
I can't understand why
he seems to have no hunger for knowledge.
【翻译】
我不明白为什么他看上去对知识毫无兴趣。
ng [
?
j
?
:n
?
?
]
【例句】
He has
always a yearning to be a schoolteacher
【翻译】他一直想成为一名老师
十三、意识（
sense
）
ousness [
?
k
?
n
??
sn
?
s]
【例句】
He is acutely conscious
that this transition will bring with it the risk
of socialunrest.
【翻译】他非常清楚这种转变伴随着社会动乱的危险。
ess [
??
we
< br>?
n
?
s]
【例句】
.He
introduced radio to the school to increase the
children's awareness.
【翻译】他在学校开通广播，以提高孩子们的警觉性
.
tion [p
?
r
< br>?
sep
?
n]
【例句】
Another
interesting
issue
deals
with
certain
cultures'
perception
of
beauty.
【翻译】另一个有趣的问题与特定文化中美的感知有关。
十四、性格（
character<
/p>
）
ition [
?
d
< br>?
sp
??
z
< br>??
n]
【例句】
Hewas a man of decisive
action and an adventurous disposition.
【翻译】他是一个行动果断又爱冒险的人。
ality [
?
p
< br>?
:s
??
n
< br>?
l
?
ti]
< br>
【例句】
Intoday
’<
/p>
s
personality
stakes,
nothing
is
more
highly
valued
than
the
sense
of humor.
【翻译】现代的性格特点中，没有什么比幽默感更有价值。
ament [
?
tempr
?
m
?
nt]
【例句】
His
impulsive temperament regularly got him into
difficulties...
【翻译】他容易冲动，经常因此惹麻烦。
[
?
ne
?
t
??
(r)]
【例句】
She feels
that her ambitious nature made her unsuitable for
an
arranged
marriage.
【翻译】她觉得她不安分的个性不适合包办的婚姻。
十五、承诺（
promise
）
ment [k
??
m
?
tm
?
nt]
【例句】
Theymade a
commitment to peace.
【翻译】他们承诺要维护和平。
[pled
?
]
【例句】
Inthe treaty both sides
pledge to respect human rights.
【翻译】双方在条约中都承诺将尊重人权。
ment [
?
n
?
ge
?
d
?
m
?
nt]
【例句】
Allhis time
seems to be taken up with social engagements.
【翻译】社会约定占据了他所有的时间
十六、情绪（
feeling
）
[mu:d]
【例句】
People
who
struggle
with
excessive
Internet
use
maybe
depressed
or
have
other
mooddisorder.
【翻译】过度使用互联网可能会导致抑郁症或其他情绪失控。
n [
??
m
???
n]
【例句】
A tide of
emotion rose and clouded his judgement.
【翻译】心头涌起一阵强烈的感情，模糊了他的判断力。
ent [
?
sent
?
m
?
nt]
【例句】
He found growing
sentiment for military action.
【翻译】他发现支持采取军事行动的情绪日益高涨。
十七、吸引力
(
attraction )
[
??
pi:l]
【例句】
The game has
lost its appeal.
【翻译】这个游戏失去了吸引力
ation [
?
f
< br>?
s
??
ne
< br>??
n]
【例句】
Water holds a
fascination for most children.
【翻译】水对多数孩子都有极大的吸引力。
[t
?
ɑ
:
m]
【例句】
'Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs', the 1937 Disney classic, has lost
none
of its original charm.
【翻译】
1937
年迪斯尼推出的经典之作《白雪公主和七个小
矮人》魅力不减当年。
[l
??
(r)]
【例句】
The lure of rural life
is proving as strong as ever.
【翻译】事实证明，乡村生活的魅力丝毫未减。
ment [
?
'lj
??
m
?
nt]
【例句】
Money is a kind of
allurement for us.
【翻译】对我们来说金钱是种诱惑物。
tion [temp
?
te
??
n]
【例句】
Don't
succumb to the temptation to have just one
cigarette.
【翻译】不要经不住诱惑，只抽一支烟也不行。
十八、责任
(duty)
sibility [r
??
sp
?
ns
??
b
?
l
?
ti]
【例句】
Responsibility and
moderation were to be the keynotes of their
foreign
policy.
【翻译】责任和克制将是他们外交政策的核心
tion [
??
bl
??
ge
??
n]
【例句】
Co-operation
was
more
than
just
an
attractive
option,
it
was
an
obligation.
【翻译】合作不仅仅是诱人的选择，它也是一种责任。
tability [
??
ka
?
nt
?
'b
?
l
?
t
?
]
【例句】
Good
management in the police cannot be
divorced from accountability.
【翻译】对警察队伍的良好管理和应负的责任是分不开的。
十九、选择
(choice)
[
??
p
?
n]
【例句】
The menu changes weekly
and usually includes a vegan option.
【
翻译】菜单每周都有变化，通常包含可供严格的素食者选择的菜肴。
ative [
?
:l
?
t
?
:n
< br>?
t
?
v]
【例句】
You have the
alternative of riding or walking.
【翻译】你可以选择骑车或者步行。
ence [
?
prefr
?
ns]
【例句】
Parents can
express a preference for the school their child
attends...
【翻译】父母可以表达对自己孩子所上学校的偏好。
ion [s
??
lek
?
n]
【例句】
There is a
wide selection of food available.
【翻译】有很多可供选择的食物
二十、契约协议
(agreemen
t)
ct [
?
k
?
ntr
?
kt]
【例句】
A formal contract is
signed which is renewable annually.
【翻译】正式签订了每年可续签的合同。
[p
?
kt]
【例句】
A non-aggression pact
will be signed between the two countries.
【翻译】两国将签署互不侵犯条约。
[
?
tri:ti]
【例句】
The treaty binds them to
respect their neighbour's independence.
【翻译】条约规定他们必须尊重其邻国的独立
二十一、费用
(fee)
t [
?
pe
?
m
?<
/p>
nt]
【例句】
Thousands
of
its
customers
are
in
arrears
with
loans
and
mortgage
payments.
【翻译】有数千客户拖欠其贷款和抵押贷款还款
[k
?
st]
【例句】
Companiesare moving jobs
to towns with a lower cost of living.
【翻译】各公司正在把工作岗位转移至生活费用较低的城镇。
ng [
?
spend
?
?
]
【例句】
He'sa staunch supporter
of controls on government spending.
【翻译】他坚决支持控制政府开支。
e [
?
k
?
spens]
【例句】
Theywant to cut down
their utility expenses
【翻译】他们想削减公用事业上的支出。
iture [
?
k
< br>?
spend
?
t
??
(r)]
【例句】
.Itis
questionable whether the expenditure on this
project is really
justified.
【翻译】该项目的开支是否真的合理还未可知。
[t
??
l]
【例句】
Allvehicles travelling
across the bridge have to pay a toll.
【翻译】所有过桥的车辆都要付过桥费。
二十二、差别差异
(difference)
ction [d
??
st
?
?
k
?
n]
【例句】
Many people
make a sharp distinction between humans and other
animals.
【翻译】很多人认为人类和其他动物截然不同。
ence [da
?
'v
?
:d
??
ns]
【例句】
A minimal error or
deviation may result in wide divergence.
< br>【翻译】失之毫厘
,
谬以千里
.
pancy [d
?
s
?
krep
?
nsi]
【例句】
The discrepancy in their
ages seemed not to matter.
【翻译】他们之间年龄的差异似乎没有多大关系。
二十三、矛盾冲突
(conflict)
x [
?
p
?
r
?
d
?
ks]
【例句】“
More haste, less
speed.
”
is a paradox.
【翻译】“欲速则不达”是一句似非而是的隽言。
diction [
?
k
?
ntr
??
d
?
k
?
n]
【例句】
Once the principal
contradiction is grasped, all problems will be
readily
solved.
【翻译】一旦抓住了主要矛盾
,
一切问题就迎刃而解
.
versy
[
?
k
?
nt
r
?
v
?
:s
i]
【例句】
They had a bitter
controversy over the question.
【翻译】他们在这个问题上有很大的争论。
e
[d
??
spju:t]
【例句】
They agreed to try to
settle their dispute by negotiation.
【翻译】他们同意通过谈判来努力解决纠纷。
二十四、趋势
(trend)
cy [
?
tend
?
nsi]
【例句】
Matters have taken a new
tendency to
〔
towards
〕
peace.
【翻译】事态有了向和平方向发展的新趋势。
ation[
??
nkl
??
ne
??
n]
【例句】
He did not
show the slightest inclination to leave.
【翻译】他丝毫没有表现出要离开的意思。
副词类
一、几乎不
(hardly )
[
?<
/p>
be
?
li]
【例句】
We could barely see the
other cars because of the fog.
【翻译】因为有雾，我们几乎看不到别的汽车。
ly [
?
ske
?
sli]
【例句】
His style
could scarcely be further removed from that of his
predecessor.
【翻译】他的风格几乎和他的前辈如出一辙。
二、立即，马上
(immediately
)
ly
[
?
pr
?
m
ptli]
【例句】
Responding promptly to
accidents and other emergencies is important, but
it is their smallest job.
【翻
译】及时响应事故和其他紧急情况是很重要的，但这是他们最基本的工作
tly [
??
nst
?
ntli]
【例句】
I recognized
her instantly she entered the room.
【翻译】
她一进房间我就认出了她。
三、提前
(before)