-
What is a climax of a story?
（什么是
故事高潮
?
）
More tension=satisfying climax
< br>文学故事中的高潮（
climax
）
----
故事的主要场景（
key
scene
）也通常是故事的转折点（
turning
point
）
，
是指
故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。
高潮有时候是剧情中的
危机
点。
有时
候
,
它只是达到关键时刻或者转折点
,
发生了一些事情
,
或者主角必须做出决定
,
从而导致一
个结果或
其他。我们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常用下面的图表来表示故事
情节。
常见故事高潮示例：
1. A
little girl has been searching for her lost dog.
All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming
from around the corner, and she looks
around to see . . .
2. Kevin has worked
very hard to try out for the soccer team at
school. The coach has posted a
list
of
this
year's
team
members
on
his
office
door.
Kevin
walks
forward
to
look
at
the
list
.
.
.
.
3. Mary's parents have
been discussing whether or not to move to another
state. They call Mary
and her sister
down to talk with them about their decision . . .
4. Lois has performed in the state
gymnastics finals. She waits anxiously to hear the
names of
the winners. The announcer
says,
文学名著中的一些故事高潮
1.
The
deaths
of
Romeo (who
kills
himself
because
he
thinks
Juliet is
dead)
and
Juliet
(who
kills herself when she awakes and sees
Romeo dead). Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare
（罗
密欧和朱丽叶，莎士比亚）
2. When Gaston and the townspeople come
to attack the beast, and Belle admits her love for
the beast. Beauty and the Beast, Disney
（美女与野兽，迪士尼）
3.
In
Three
Little
Pigs,
suspense
builds
up
until
the
confrontation
between
the
third
pig and the wolf. This confrontation is
the climax.
（三只小猪）
How to create a climax of a
story?
(
如何营造故事的高潮？
)
方法
1.
增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故
事高潮的方式。
冲突带来紧迫感
,
将故事推向必要的解
决或崩溃。
1
）角色之间的冲突
(
人物观点差异
,
竞争需要等
)
如：
< br>2017
年
11
月浙江英语高考
：
On
the
fourth
or
fifth
night,
we
had
trouble
finding
a
hotel
with a vacancy. After driving in vain
for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why
didn't
we
find
a
house
with
a
likely-looking
backyard
and
ask
if
we
could
set
up
tent
there?
David and I became
nervous.
开车找旅馆
---
徒劳无功
---
母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院
---David
和我倍感紧张，心有不悦（母子的观点不一）
2)
角色与环境之间的冲突
如：
2017
年
6
月浙江英语高考：
Then
Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him.
……he
saw
instantly
that
it wasn't
a
dog
at
all,
but
a
wolf:
quickly
catching
up
with
him.
Mac's
heart
jumped.
……,
he
fired
the
spray
at
the
wolf.
A
bright
red
cloud
enveloped
the
animal,
and
to
Mac's
relief,
it
fell
back,
shaking
its
head.
But
a
minute
later,
…….
Then
it
……,
tearing
open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second
time, and again, it
fell back
……
Mac
骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，
与之搏斗，险象环生。（人（角色）
----
狼（环境）大战）
3)
时间依赖的发展
：决策变得紧急
如：
2017
年
6
月浙江英语高考：
The
car abruptly stopped in front of him.
car.
Paul shouted
at Mac. Mac
jumped
off the
bike and slid into the car without delay
as the wolf was just two steps away and
was about to tear
Mac
into
pieces. What a narrow
escape!
骑车突停面前
---
急喊上车
--
-Max
上车避险
---
饿狼近在咫尺
（此情此景，刻不容缓）
4)
增加的障碍
：人物角色必须克服
挑战
,
以达到他们的目标
例如：
2018
年
6
月高考
But before we jumped off the horses, we
found that we had been off
the beaten
track
and
got lost. We had
no idea where we were and it got dark.
Exhausted
and hungry, I
wondered if we could find our way back.
小兔突现
---
马儿受惊
---
草原迷路
（障碍<
/p>
1
）
----
天
色渐黑（障碍
2
）
----
又累又饿（障碍
3
）
--
--
心理恐慌（障碍
4
）
方法
2.
放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（你的角
色的内心斗争）也有助于建立一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。
现在我们在来看高考读后续写中的内心冲突是如何体现的：
<
/p>
2016
年
10
月浙江高考：
Immediately,
an
absolute
darkness
ruled
the
forest.
Jane,
exhausted
and scared, lay
down near a stone, missing her family
at a distance. All the fantastic
memory
crowded
in
and
she
couldn't
help
crying,
I
quarrelled
with
Tom,
walked
away and
climbed
to the high place, I wouldn't be
trapped in this
awful place, confronted
with the danger of dying.”
She regretted with endless anxiety,
and then became asleep with shining
tears in her eyes.
夫妇争吵
---
独自行走
---
荒野走散
< br>---
夜色渐黑
---
独处森林
---
阴森恐怖
---
后悔莫及（内心冲突的
刻画）内心独白
（往昔对比
+
虚拟语气使用
+
旁边描写是常见技巧之一）
方法
3.
使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用
环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具体方法可以看上期读后续写微技能。当故事角
色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强
了高潮元素。我们感受到了紧张的倍增。
例
1
：
Immediately,
an
absolute
darkness
ruled
the
forest(
黑暗
).
Even
worse,
the
temperature
suddenly dropped
dramatically.
(
寒冷）
例
2
：It didn’t take
long for the forest to be enveloped in
darkness（黑暗）
. Her rasping
breath
steamed
（寒冷）
in
the moonlight and her throat was parched from
thirst.
如
何
通
过
场
景
营
< br>造
（
mood
）
Technique 1: Personification
(
拟人
)
Description/purpose:
Gives an object the characteristics of
a living thing, bringing it to life
Examples
：
The flowers
nodded.
Snowflakes
danced.
Thunder
grumbled.
Fog
crept in.
The
wind
howled.
The haunted
house seemed to
stare at
me,
beckoning
me towards the
door.
Technique 2: simile
(
明喻
)
Description/purpose:
Similes
likens
something to something else giving a more detailed
description
Examples
：
The night sky was
as dark as
the deepest ocean.
The stars
sparkled like diamonds.
The
snake
moved like a ripple on a pond.
Technique 3: metaphor
(
暗喻
)
Description/purpose:
Metaphors say that something is
something else, giving the description more power
Examples
：
A wave of terror
washed over
him.
Technique 4:Vivid adjectives
(
生动的形容词
)
Description/purpose:
To
make
the
story
more
interesting
and
vivid
by
using
more
imaginative
descriptions,
sometimes in a
list
Examples
：
Gleaming,
glistening,
whispery
flakes of snow
Technique 5: Negative description
(
否定描述
)
Description/purpose:
To
tell
the
reader
what
is
not
there
is
an
effective
way
of
showing
how
unpleasant,
comfortless a
place is
Examples
：
There was
no cushion, no
carpet, no warmth, no light and no comfort.
Technique 6: Camera-pan and zoom
(
摄影
-
全景
+
放大
)
Description/purpose:
To use the idea of how a film director
works, you can give a wider view then focus in on
one detail
Examples
：
From the withering trees he looked past
the
littered farmyard, across to the
decrepit
hovel.
Its doors
hung sadly awry,
the handle
broken.
Technique 7: Nouns
for details
(
细节名词
)
Description/purpose:
Scenes are filled with things that we
see and therefore uses lots of nouns, even lists
of
nouns to convey what is there.
Examples
：
The
rooms
were
crowded with
lanterns
fastened on
oak paneled
walls,
tables
laid
with
silver candlesticks
and
goblets.
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