-
What is a climax of a story?
（什么是故事高潮
?
）
More tension=satisfying climax
文学故事中的高潮
（
climax
< br>）
----
故事的主要场景
（<
/p>
key scene
）
也通常是故事的转
折点
（
turning point
）
，
是指故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有时候是剧
情中的
危机
点。有时候
,
它只是
达到关键时刻或者转折点
,
发生了一些事情
,
或者主角必须做出决定
,
从而导致一
个结果或其他。
我
们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常
用下面的图表来表示故事情节。
常见故事高潮示例：
1. A
little girl has been searching for her lost dog.
All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming from
around the corner,
and she looks around
to see . . .
2. Kevin has worked very
hard to try out for the soccer team at school. The
coach has posted a list of this year's
team members on his office door. Kevin
walks forward to look at the list . . . .
3. Mary's parents have been discussing
whether or not to move to another state. They call
Mary and her sister down
to talk with
them about their decision . . .
4. Lois
has performed in the state gymnastics finals. She
waits anxiously to hear the names of the winners.
The
announcer says,
文学名著中的一些故事高潮
1.
The deaths of Romeo (who kills himself because he
thinks Juliet is dead) and Juliet (who kills
herself
when she awakes and sees Romeo
dead). Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare
（罗密欧和朱丽叶，
莎士比亚）
2.
When
Gaston
and
the
townspeople
come
to
attack
the
beast,
and
Be
lle
admits
her
love
for
the
beast.
Beauty
and the Beast, Disney
（美女与野兽，迪士尼）
3. In
This confrontation is the
climax.
（三只小猪）
How to create a climax of a story?
(
如何营造故事的高潮？
)
方法
1.
增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故事高潮的方式。
冲突
带来紧迫感
,
将故事推向必要的解决
或崩溃。
1
）角色之间的冲突
(
人物观点差异
,
竞争需要等
)
如：
< br>2017
年
11
月浙江英语高考
：
On
the
fourth
or
fifth
night,
we
had trouble finding
a
hotel
with
a
vacancy. After driving in
vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea:
Why didn't we find a house
with a likely-looking backyard and ask
if we could set up tent there? David and I became
nervous.
开车找
旅馆
---
徒劳无功
---
母亲建议搭帐篷在他人
后院
---David
和我倍感紧张，
心有不悦
（母子的观点不一）
2)
角色与环境之间的冲突
如：
2017
年
6
月浙江英
语高考：
Then
Mac
heard
quick
and
loud
breathing
behind
him.
……he
saw
instantly that it wasn't
a dog at all, but a wolf: quickly catching up with
him. Mac's heart
jumped. ……, he
fired
the
spray
at
the
wolf.
A
bright
red
cloud
enveloped
the
animal,
and
to
Mac's
relief,
it
fell
back,
shaking its head. But a minute later,
……. Then it ……, tearing open his tent bag. He
fired at the wolf a
second time, and
again, it fell
back ……
Mac
骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。（人（角色）
----
狼（环境）大战）
3)
时间依赖的发展
：决策变得紧急
如：
2017
年
6
月浙江英语高考：
The car abruptly
stopped in front of him.
at Mac. Mac
jumped off the bike and slid into the car without
delay as the wolf was just two
steps
away
and was about to tear Mac into
pieces. What a narrow escape!
骑车突停面前
---
急喊上车
---Max
上车避
险
---
饿狼近在咫尺
（此情此景，刻不容缓）
4)
增加的障碍
：人物角色必须克服
挑战
,
以达到他们的目标
例如：
2018
年
6
月高考
But before we jumped off the horses, we
found that we had been off the beaten
track and got lost. We had no idea
where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and
hungry, I wondered if we
could find our
way back.
小兔突现
---
马儿受惊
---
草原迷路（障碍
1<
/p>
）
----
天色渐黑（障碍
2
）
----
又累
又饿（障碍
3
）
---
-
心理恐慌（障碍
4
）
方法
2.
放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（你的角
色的内心斗争）也有助于建立一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。
现在我们在来看高考读后续写中的内心冲突是如何体现的：
<
/p>
2016
年
10
月浙江高考：
Immediately, an absolute
darkness ruled the forest. Jane, exhausted and
scared,
lay
down
near
a
stone,
missing
her
family at
a
distance.
All
the
fantastic
memory
crowded
in
and
she
couldn't
help
crying,
I
quarrelled
with Tom, walked
away
and climbed to
the
high
place,
I
wouldn't
be
trapped
in
this
awful
place,
confronted
with
the
danger
of
dying.”
She
regretted
with
endless anxiety, and then became asleep
with shining tears in her eyes.
夫妇争吵
---
独自行走
--
-
荒野走散
---
夜色渐黑
---
独处森林
---
阴
森恐怖
---
后悔莫及（内心冲突的刻画）
内心独白
（往昔对比
+
虚拟语气使
用
+
旁边描写是常见技巧之一）
方法
3.
使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用
环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具体方法可以看上期读后续写微技能。当故事角
色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强
了高潮元素。我们感受到了紧张的倍增。
例
1
：
Immediately,
an
absolute
darkness
ruled
the
forest(
黑暗
). Even
worse,
the
temperature
suddenly
dropped dramatically.
(
寒冷）
例
2
：
It
didn’t take long for the forest to be enveloped in
darkness
（黑暗）
. Her rasping
breath steamed
（寒冷）
in the
moonlight and her throat was parched from thirst.
如
何
通
过
场
景
营
造
（
mood
）
Technique 1: Personification
(
拟人
)
Description/purpose:
Gives an object the characteristics of
a living thing, bringing it to life
Examples
：
The flowers nodded.
Snowflakes danced.
Thunder
grumbled.
Fog crept in.
The
wind howled.
The haunted house seemed
to stare at me, beckoning me towards the door.
Technique 2: simile
(
明喻
)
Description/purpose:
Similes
likens something to
something else giving a more detailed
description
Examples
：
The night sky was as dark as the
deepest ocean.
The stars sparkled like
diamonds.
The snake moved like a ripple
on a pond.
Technique 3: metaphor
(
暗喻
)
Description/purpose:
Metaphors say that something is
something else, giving the description more
power
Examples
：
A wave of terror washed over him.
Technique 4:Vivid adjectives
(
生动的形容词
)
Description/purpose:
To make the story more interesting and
vivid by using more imaginative descriptions,
sometimes in a list
Examples
：
Gleaming, glistening, whispery flakes
of snow
Technique 5: Negative
description
(
否定描述
)
Description/purpose:
To tell the reader what is not there is
an effective way of showing how unpleasant,
comfortless a place is
Examples
：
There was no cushion, no carpet, no
warmth, no light and no comfort.
Technique 6: Camera-pan and zoom (
摄影
-
全景
+
放大
)
Description/purpose:
To use the idea of how a film director
works, you can give a wider view then focus in on
one detail
Examples
：
From the withering trees he looked past
the littered farmyard, across to the decrepit
hovel. Its doors hung
sadly awry, the
handle broken.
Technique 7: Nouns for
details (
细节名词
)
Description/purpose:
Scenes are filled with things that we
see and therefore uses lots of nouns, even lists
of nouns to convey
what is there.
Examples
：
The rooms were
crowded
with lanterns fastened
on
oak
paneled
walls, tables
laid
with silver
candlesticks and goblets.
Technique 8:
Senses
（感官）
Description/purpose:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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