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can和could的意义

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-28 20:51
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2021年2月28日发(作者:plating)


can



could


的 意义,有能力做,有可能,可以



She can lift me up with one hand


.


她可以一只手把我举起来。


(有能力


做)

< p>


Can yon swim ?


你会游泳吗?(有能力做)



You can borrow my car if you want to.


如果你想借我的汽车,你可以借去


用。


(有可能)

< p>


Anybody can learn to cook.


人人都能学会做饭。


(可以)



It could rain later.


晚些时候可能会下雨的。


(有可能)



Could


不仅是


can


的过去时形式,


could


还可以用来表达现在和将来。



You could be right.


你可能是对的。



Could I see you tomorrow evening ?


明天晚上我可以见见你吗?



关于


can



be able to



could


表示“能力”的用法需要注意下面几点:



1


、现在和将来



can


通常用来表达现在或“一般的能力”——即你无论什么 时候想做就能做到的能力。



Look! I can do it ! I can do it !


嗨,我会做这事啦!我会做啦!



You can certainly cook , even if you can’t do anything else. 你当


然会做饭,即使你别的事一样也不会。



be able to


也可以用,但不如


can


用得经常。



You are certainly able to cook .


当要表达将来的能力时,一般要用


will be able to ??



I’ll be able to


speak German in another few months.


再过几个月我


就会说德语了。


(不能说:“I can speak ??”)



One day people will be able to run a kilometer in two minutes .


总有一天人们会两分钟跑完一千米的。



If I have a


good sleep I’ll


be able to work out the problem.如果


我睡个好觉,我就可以作出这个习题。



但是,当人们现在决定将来是否有做某事的能力时,


can


常常也是可以用的。



We’re too busy today ,but we can repair your car tomorrow .我们今


天太忙了,但是明天我们可以给你修汽车。



We can talk about that later .


这一点咱们以后再谈。



Can you come to a party on Saturday ?


星期六有个聚会,你能来吗?



2


、过去



could


用来表达“一般的能力”——即你过去想干什么 就可以干什么。



was /were


able to


也可以用来表达这个意思。




She could sing like an angel when she was a kid .


当她还是个小孩子


的时 候,她可以唱得象天使一般好听。


(也可以说


she was able to sing ??)



My father could speak ten languages.


我父亲从前会说十种语言。



不能用


could


表达过去某种具 体的能力(即在某一个场合做某事的能力,此时需要用



was able to , managed to ,



succeeded in


等。



How many eggs were you able to get ?


你能弄到多少鸡蛋?(不能


说:??could you get ?)



I managed to get 10% off the price .


我弄了个九折。



不能说:


“I could


get ??)



After six hours climbing ,we succeeded in reaching the top of the


mountain.

经过六小时的攀登,我们终于登上了山顶。


(不能说:“??we could


reach ??)


(指成功地做成)



试比较下列两个句子:


he was a terrific liar :he could make anybody


believe him .


他说起谎来可神啦。能使任何人 都相信他。


(这里讲的是一般的能力,因此


< br>could


是正确的。




I talked for a long time, and in the end I managed to make


her believe me .


我说了老半天,最后才使她相信了我的话。


(这里指的是一个具体的场


合,不能说:“??I could make her ??)



但是要注意


could


的否定形式



couldn’t 既用来表达一般的能力,也用来表达某一


具体的能力。



When I was younger I


couldn’t


decide what I wanted to do.


我年


轻些的时候,不能决定 自己想要干什么。



Simon was so drunk that he


couldn’t


find the front door.


西蒙喝


得烂醉,竟找不着正门在哪里。



3


、条件句中的


could


could


也用于条件句(意思等于


would be able to



.


I could have a really good time if I had a flat of my own.



是我自己有一套房间,那我就可 以过得很快活。



We could do it by midday if we had the tools.


要是 我们有工具的话,


到中午就可以完成这件工作。



I could break your neck !


我可以掐断你的脖子。



I could marry him if I wanted to (=


I would be able to


??)要是


我愿意,我就可以和他结婚。



4



could


和动词不定式完成式连用



有时候,< /p>


我们需要表达我们有能力做某事件事,


但是却没有去做。


有一种特殊结构可以


表达这个意思:


could +


不定式完成式(


=could have +


过去分词)




I could have married anybody I wanted to .(=I was able to marry


anybody ??,but I didn’t .)我本来可以想跟谁结婚就跟谁结婚的。



I could have killed her !(= I was so angry that I was capable of


ki


lling her , but I didn’t .)我本来会宰了她的!



You could have helped me !(=you were able to help me


–why didn’t


you? )


你本来可以帮我一把嘛!



这种结构也可用于条件句(意思等于



would have been bale to ?)


.


I


could have won if I


hadn’t fallen


over.(=


I


would have been a


ble


to win ? )要不是我摔了一跤,我本来是会赢的。



这种结构如果用 了否定形式,则表达“即使我尽力而为了,也还是未能做成”。


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