-
2017
年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）试题
Section I
Use of English
Directions:
Read
the following text. Choose the best word (s) for
each numbered blank and mark A, B, C
or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?
The answer may be a resounding
1
helping
you
feel
close
and
2
to
people
you
care
about,
it
turns
out
that
hugs
can
bring
a
3
of health benefits to your
body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace
might even
help you
4
getting sick this
winter.
In a recent study
5
over 400 healthy
adults,researchers from Carnegie
Mellon
University
in
Pennsylvania
examined
the
effects
of
perceived
social
support
and
the
receipt
of
hugs
6
the participants'
susceptibility
（敏感性）
to developing the common cold after
being
7
to the virus. People who
perceived greater social support were less likely
to come
8
with a cold,
and the researchers 9
that the
stress-reducing effects of hugging
10
about
32
percent
of
that
beneficial
effect.
11
among
those
who
got
a
cold,
the
ones
who
felt
greater
social support and received more frequent hugs had
less severe
12
.
13
risk for colds that's
usually
14
with stress,
marker of intimacy and helps
15
the feeling
that others are there to help
16
difficulty.
Some
experts
17
the stress-
reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the
release of
oxytocin
（后叶催产素）
,
often called
18
it promotes
attachment in
relationships,
including that between mothers and their
newborn babies. Oxytocin is made
primarily in the central lower part of
the brain, and some of it is released into the
bloodstream. But
some of
it
19
in the
brain, where it
20
mood,
behavior and physiology.
1.
[A]Besides
[B]Unlike
[C]Throughout
[D]Despite
2.
[A]equal
[B]restricted
[C]connected
[D]inferior
3.
[A]view
[B]host
[C]lesson
[D]choice
4.
[A]avoid
[B]forget
[C]recall
[D]keep
5.
[A]collecting
[B]affecting
[C]guiding
[D]involving
6.
[A]on
[B]in
[C]at
[D]of
7.
[A]devoted
[B]attracted
[C]lost
[D]exposed
8.
[A]along
[B]across
[C]down
[D]out
9.
[A]imagined
[B]denied
[C]doubted
[D]calculated
10.
[A]served
[B]restored
[C]explained
[D]required
11.
[A]Thus
[B]Still
[C]Rather
[D]Even
12.
[A]defeats
[B]symptoms
[C]errors
[D]tests
13.
[A]highlighted
[B]increased
[C]controlled
[D]minimized
14.
[A]presented
[B]equipped
[C]associated
[D]compared
15.
[A]assess
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[D]record
16. [A]in the name of
17.[A]attribute
18.[A]unless
19.[A]remains
20.[A]experiences
[B] in the form
of
[C]
in the
face of
[D] in the way
of
[B]commit
[C]transfer
[D]return
[B]because
[C]though
[D]until
[B]emerges
[C]vanishes
[D]decreases
[B]combines
[C]justifies
[D]influences
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer
the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
or
D. Mark your answers on
the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two
hours, now three hours
—
this is how far in advance authorities
are
recommending people show
up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some
major U.S. airports
with
increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-
consuming security protocols in return
for
increased safety. The
crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists
may have downed over
the
Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic
reminder of why. But demanding too much
of
air travelers or
providing too little security in return undermines
public support for the
process. And it should: Wasted time is
a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,
not
to mention
infuriating.
Last year, the
Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found
in a secret check that
undercover investigators were able to
sneak weapons
—
both fake
and real
—
past
airport
security nearly
every time they tried. Enhanced security measures
since then, combined with
a
rise in airline travel due to the improving
economy and low oil prices, have resulted in
long
waits at major airports
such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not
yet clear how much
more
effective airline security has become
—
but the lines are
obvious.
Part of the issue
is that the government did not anticipate the
steep increase in airline
travel, so the TSA is now rushing to
get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue
is that
airports have only
so much room for screening lanes. Another factor
may be that more people
are
trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid
checked-baggage fees, though the
airlines
strongly dispute
this.
There is one step the
TSA could take that would not require remodeling
airports or
rushing to hire:
Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.
PreCheck is supposed to be a
win-win for travelers and the TSA.
Passengers who pass a background check are
eligible to
use expedited
screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on
travelers who are higher risk,
saving time for everyone involved. TSA
wants to enroll 25 million people in
PreCheck.
It
has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big
reason is sticker shock: Passengers
must pay $$85
every five years to process their background
checks. Since the beginning, this
price tag has been PreCheck's fatal
flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a
more
reasonable level. But
Congress should look into doing so directly, by
helping to finance
PreCheck
enrollment or to cut costs in other
ways.
The TSA cannot
continue diverting resources into underused
PreCheck lanes while most
of
the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.
It is long past time to make the
program
work.
21.
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is
mentioned to
[A] explain
American’s
tolerance of
current security checks.
[B]
stress the urgency to strengthen security
worldwide.
[C] highlight the
necessity of upgrading major U.S.
airports.
[D] emphasize the
importance of privacy protection.
22.
Which of the following contributes to
long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on
bags.
[B] The declining
efficiency of the TSA.
[C]
An increase in the number of
travellers.
[D] Frequent
unexpected secret checks.
23.
The word
“expedited”
(Liner 4, Para.
5) is closet in meaning to
[A] quieter.
[B]
cheaper.
[C]
wider.
[D]
faster.
24.
One problem with the PreCheck program
is
[A] a
dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed
implementation.
[C] the
government’s
reluctance to
back it.
[D] an unreasonable
price for enrollment.
25.
Which of the following would be the
best for the text?
[A] Less
Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck
–
a
Belated Solution
[C] Getting
Stuck in Security Lines
[D]
Underused PreCheck Lanes
Text 2
“The
ancient Hawaiians were
astronomers,”
wrote Queen
Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last
reigning monarch, in 1897. Star
watchers were among the most esteemed members
of
Hawaiian society. Sadly,
all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.
Protests have
erupted over
construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT),
a giant observatory that
promises to revolutionize humanity's
view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's
planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano
worshiped by
some Hawaiians
as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to
the heavens. But Mauna
Kea
is also home to some of the world's most powerful
telescopes. Rested in the Pacific
Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the
bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,
where
conditions allow
telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed
clarity.
Opposition to
telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small
but vocal group of
Hawaiians
and environmentalists have long viewed their
presence as disrespect far sacred
land and a painful reminder of the
occupation of what was once a sovereign
nation.
Some blame for the
current controversy belongs to astronomers. In
their eagerness to
build
bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not
the only way of understanding the
world. They did not always prioritize
the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems
or its
holiness to the
islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a
relic of the past
；
it is a living
culture undergoing a renaissance
today.
Yet science has a
cultural history, too, with roots going back to
the dawn of civilization.
The same curiosity to find what lies
beyond the horizon that first brought early
Polynesians
to Hawaii's
shores inspires astronomers today to explore the
heavens. Calls to disassemble all
telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban
future development there ignore the reality
that
astronomy and Hawaiian
culture both seek to answer big questions about
who we are, where
we come
from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why
we explore the starry skies, as if
answering a primal calling to know
ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making
compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.
The
TMT site was chosen to
minimize the
telescope’s
visibility around the island and to
avoid
archaeological and
environmental impact. To limit the number of
telescopes on Mauna Kea,
old
ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes
and their sites returned to a natural
state.
There is no reason
why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to
embrace their
cultural
heritage and to study the stars.
26.
Queen
Liliuokalani’s
remark in
Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] her conservative view
on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in
ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy
in ancient times.
[D] her
appreciation of star
watchers’
feats in her
time.
27.
Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal
astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical
features.
[B] its protective
surroundings.
[C] its
religious implications.
[D]
its existing infrastructure.
28.
The
construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals
partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their
intellectual life.
[B] it
reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of
revival.
[D]
they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5
that progress in
today’s
astronomy_
[A]
is fulfilling the dreams of ancient
Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread
Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian
culture.
[D] will eventually
soften
Hawaiians’
hostility.
30.
The
author’s
attitude
toward choosing Mauna Kea as
the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
Text
3
Robert F. Kennedy once
said that a
country’s
GDP
measures
“everything
except
that
which makes life
worthwhile.”
With Britain
voting to leave the European Union, and
GDP
already predicted to
slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to
assess what he was
referring
to.
The question of GDP and
its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over
half a
century. Many argue
that it is a flawed concept. It measures things
that do not matter and
miss
things that do. By most recent measures, the
UK’s
GDP has been the envy
of the
Western World, with
record low unemployment and high growth figures.
If everything was
going so
so well, then why did over 17million people vote
for Brexit, despite the warnings
about what it could do to their
country’s
economic
prospects?
A recent annual
study of countries and their ability to convert
growth into well-being
sheds
some light on that question. Across the 163
countries measured, the UK is one of
the
poorest performers in
ensuring that economic growth is translated into
meaningful
improvement for
its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR
over 40 different sets of
criteria from health, education and
civil society engagement have been measured to get
a
more rounded
assessment of how countries are
performing.
While all of
these countries face their own challenges, there
are a number of consistent
themes. Yes, there has been a budding
economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but
in
key indicators in areas
such as health and education, major economies have
continued to
decline. Yet
this isn't the case with all countries. Some
relatively poor European countries
have seen huge improvements across
measures including civil society; income equality
and
the
environment.
This is a
lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is
no longer regarded as the
sole measure of a
country’s
success, the world
looks very different.
So
what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP
has been the most common
method for measuring the economic
activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer
enough.
It does not include
important factors such as environmental equality
or education outcomes -
all
things that contribute to a person's sense of
well-being.