-
2017
年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
Section
Ⅰ
Use of
English
Directions:
Read the
following the best word(s)for each numbered blank
and
mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER
SHEET.(10 points)
Could a hug a day
keep the doctor away?The answer may be a
resounding
(
1
)
p>
helping you feel close and_____
(
2
)
to people you
care
about,it turns out that hugs can
bring a_____
(
3
)
p>
of health benefits to your body and
e it or not,a warm embrace might even
help you_____
(
4
)<
/p>
getting sick this
winter.
In a recent study_____
(
5
)
over 400 healthy
adults,researchers from Carnegie
Mellon
University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of
perceived social support
and the
receipt of hugs_____
(
6
)
the participants' susceptibility
to developing the
common cold after bei
ng_____
(
7
)
to the who perceived greater social
support were less likely to come_____
p>
(
8
)
with
a cold,and the researchers_____
(
9
)
that the stress-
reducing effects of hugging_____
(
10
)
about 32 percent of
that
beneficial effect._____
(
11
)
among those
who got a cold,the ones who felt greater
social support and received more
frequent hugs had less severe_____
(
12
)
.
(
13
)
risk
for colds
that's usually_____
(
14
)
with
stress,
at Carnegie,Hugging
(<
/p>
15
)
the feeling
that
others are there to help_____
(
16
)
difficu
lty.
Some experts_____
(
17
)
the stress-
reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to
the release of oxytocin,often called
(
18
)
it
promotes
attachment in
relationships,including that between mothers and
their newborn
in is made primarily in
the central lower part of the brain,and some of it
is released into the some of it_____
p>
(
19
)
in
the brain,where it_____
(
20
p>
)
mood,behavior and physiology.
1.A
.
Besides
B
.
Unlike
C
.
Throughout
D
.
Despite
2.A
.
equal
3.A
.
view
4.A
.
avoid
5.A
.
collecting
6.A
.
on
7.A
.
devoted
8.A
.
along
9.A
.
imagined
10.A
.
served
11.A
.
Thus
12.A
.
defeats
13.A
.
Highlighted
14.A
.
Presented
15.A
.
assess
16.A
.
in the name
of
17.A
.
attribute
18.A
.
unless
19.A
.
remains
20.A
.
experiences
B
.
restricted
B
.
Host
B
.
forget
B
.
affecting
B
.
in
B
.
attracted
B
.
across
B
.
denied
B
.
Restored
B
.
Still
B
.
symptoms
B
.
increased
B
.
equipped
B
.
Generate
B
.
in the form of
B
.
commit
B
.
because
B
.
emerges
B
.
combines
C
.
connected
C
.
lesson
C
.
recall
C
.
guiding
C
.
at
C
.
lost
C
.
down
C
.
doubted
C
.
explained
C
.
Rather
C
.
errors
C
.
controlled
C
.
associated
C
.
moderate
C
.
in the face of
C
.
transfer
C
.
though
C
.
vanishes
C
.
justifies
D
.
inferior
D
.
choice
D
.
keep
D
.
involving
D
.
of
D
.
exposed
D
.
out
D
.
calculated
D
.
required
D
.
Even
D
.
tests
D
.
minimized
D
.
compared
D
.
record
D
.
in the way of
D
.
return
D
.
until
D
.
decreases
D
.
influences
Section
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the
following four the questions below each text by
choosing
A,B,C or your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET.
(
40
points
)
Text 1
First two hours,now three
hours
—
this is how far in
advance authorities are
recommending
people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least
at some major
ts with increasingly
massive security lines.
Americans are
willing to tolerate time-consuming security
protocols in return for
increased
crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may
have downed
over the Mediterranean
Sea,provides another tragic reminder of demanding
too much of air travelers or providing
too little security in return undermines public
support for the it should:Wasted time
is a drag on Americans' economic
and
private lives,not to mention infuriating.
Last year,the Transportation Security
Administration(TSA)found in a secret
check that undercover investigators
were able to sneak
weapons
—
both fake and
real
—
past airport security
nearly every time they ed security measures since
then,combined with a rise in airline
travel due to the improving economy and low oil
prices,have resulted in long waits at
major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare
is not yet clear how much more
effective airline security has
become
—
but the lines are
obvious.
Part of the issue is that the
government did not anticipate the steep increase
in
airline travel,so the TSA is now
rushing to get new screeners on the of the
issue is that airports have only so
much room for screening r factor may
be
that more people are trying to overpack their
carry-on bags to avoid
checked-baggage
fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take
that would not require remodeling airports
or rushing to hire:Enroll more people
in the PreCheck ck is supposed
to be a
win-win for travelers and the gers who pass a
background check
are eligible to use
expedited screening allows the TSA to focus on
travelers
who are higher risk,saving
time for everyone wants to enroll 25 million
people in PreCheck.
It has
not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big
reason is sticker
shock:Passengers must
pay$$85 every five years to process their
background
the beginning,this price
tag has been PreCheck's fatal ng
reforms might bring the price to a more
reasonable Congress should look
into
doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck
enrollment or to cut costs in
other
ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting
resources into underused PreCheck lanes
while most of the traveling public
suffers in unnecessary is long past time to
make the program work.
crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A]explain
American
’
s tolerance of
current security checks.
[B]stress the
urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading
major ts.
[D]emphasize the importance
of privacy protection.
of the
following contributes to long waits at major
airports?
[A]New restrictions on carry-
on bags.
[B]The declining efficiency of
the TSA.
[C]An increase in the number
of travellers.
[D]Frequent unexpected
secret checks.
word
“
expedited
”
(Liner
4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
problem with the PreCheck program is
[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C]the
government
’
s reluctance to
back it.
[D]an unreasonable price for
enrollment.
of the following would be
the best title for the text?
[A]Less
Screening for More Safety
[B]PreCheck
–
a
Belated Solution
[C]Getting Stuck in
Security Lines
[D]Underused PreCheck
Lanes
Text 2
“
The
ancient Hawaiians were
astronomers,
”
wrote Queen
Liliuokalani,Hawaii's
last reigning
monarch,in watchers were among the most esteemed
members
of Hawaiian ,all is not well
with astronomy in Hawaii ts
have
erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter
Telescope(TMT),a giant
observatory that
promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the
cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned
location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano
worshiped by some Hawaiians as the
piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the
Mauna Kea is also home to some of the
world's most powerful
in the Pacific
Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our
planet's dense atmosphere,where
conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of
unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea
is nothing new.A small but vocal group
of Hawaiians and environmentalists have
long viewed their presence as disrespect far
sacred land and a painful reminder of
the occupation of what was once a sovereign
nation.
Some blame for the
current controversy belongs to their
eagerness to build bigger
telescopes,they forgot that science is not the
only way of
understanding the did not
always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's
fragile ecosystems or its holiness to
the islands'an culture is not a
relic
of the past
;
it is a living
culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural
history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of
same curiosity to find what lies
beyond the horizon that first brought
early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores
inspires astronomers today to explore the
to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna
Kea or to ban future
development there
ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian
culture both seek to
answer big
questions about who we are,where we come from and
where we are
s that is why we explore
the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling
to know ourselves and our true
ancestral homes.
The astronomy
community is making compromises to change its use
of Mauna
TMT site was chosen to
minimize the telescope
’
s
visibility around the island
and to
avoid archaeological and environmental limit the
number of
telescopes on Mauna Kea,old
ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes
and
their sites returned to a natural
is no reason why everyone cannot be
welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars.
Liliuokalani
’
s
remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A]her
conservative view on the historical role of
astronomy.
[B]the importance of
astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy
in ancient times.
[D]her appreciation
of star watchers
’
feats in
her time.
Kea is deemed as an ideal
astronomical site due to
[A]its
geographical features.
[B]its
protective surroundings.
[C]its
religious implications.
[D]its existing
infrastructure.
construction of the
TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A]it may risk ruining their
intellectual life.
[B]it reminds them
of a humiliating history.
[C]their
culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D]they fear losing control of Mauna
Kea.
can be inferred from Paragraph 5
that progress in today
’
s
astronomy
[A]is fulfilling the dreams
of ancient Hawaiians.
[B]helps spread
Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian
culture.
[D]will eventually soften
Hawaiians
’
hostility.
author
’
s
attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site
is one of
[A]severe criticism.
[B]passive acceptance.
[C]slight hesitancy.
[D]full
approval.
Text 3
Robert y
once said that a country's GDP
measures
“
everything except
that which makes life
worthwhile.
”
With Britain
voting to leave the European
Union,and
GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is
now a timely moment to
assess what he
was referring to.
The question of GDP
and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for
over half a
argue that it is a flawed
measures things that do not matter
and
misses things that most recent measures,the
UK
’
s GDP has been the envy
of the Western world,with record low
unemployment and high growth
everything was going so well,then why
did over 17 million people vote for
Brexit,despite the warnings about what
it could do to their
country
’
s economic
prospects?
A recent annual
study of countries and their ability to convert
growth into
well-being sheds some light
on that the 163 countries measured,the
UK is one of the poorest performers in
ensuring that economic growth is translated
into meaningful improvements for its
than just focusing on GDP,over
40
different sets of criteria from health,education
and civil society engagement have
been
measured to get a more rounded assessment of how
countries are performing.
While all of
these countries face their own challenges,there
are a number of
consistent ,there has
been a budding economic recovery since the 2008
global crash,but in key indicators in
areas such as health and education,major
economies have continued to this
isn
’
t the case with all
relatively poor European countries have
seen huge improvements across measures
including civil society,income equality
and environment.
This is a lesson that
rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer
regarded as
the sole measure of a
country
’
s success,the world
looks very different.
So what Kennedy
was referring to was that while GDP has been the
most
common method for measuring the
economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no
longer does not include important
factors such as environmental quality or
education
outcomes
–
all things that
contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted
around the world and in the UK could lead to a
decline in the everyday services we
depend on for our well-being and for