-
第三节
代
词
（
2-2~3-3
）
包括
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。
一、人称代词
人称代词有第一、第二
、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾
语。英语中有下列人称代词：
在并列的主语或宾语中，
I
或
me
通常放在后面。如：
Liping and I are in charge of the work.
My farther asks my sister and me to
have dinner with him tomorrow.
二、物主代词
物主代词有形容词型与
名词型之分。
形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，
名词型物主代
词在
句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语（接在
of
后面）
。英语中有下列物主代词：
名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的
名词。如：
My bag is yellow,
his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are
brown.
三、反身代词
英语中有下列反身代词：
反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：
Please help yourself to some
tea.(
宾语
)
The boy
is too young to look after
himself.(
宾语
)
I'll
be myself again in no
time.(
表语
)
The
desk itself is not so heavy.
(
同位语
)
I fixed the
door myself. (
同位语
)
四、指示代词
指示代词包括
this,
that,
these,
those
和
such,
在句子中可以作主语、
定语、表语、宾语
等（
such
不作宾
语）
。
that
和
those
有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复
数，以避免重复。而可
数名词单数往往用
the one
或
that one
来代替。用
the one
的时候更多一些。如：
These
machines are better than those we turned out last
year.
生产
The oil
output of this year is much higher than that of
last year.
产量
The
best wine is that from France.
My room
is lighter than the one next door.
I'll
take the seat next to the one by the window.
The film is more funny than that one.
that
可以指上面提到的事情，
t
his
指下面要谈的事情。如：
They have no time to read the books.
That's their trouble.
She was ill
yesterday. That's why she was absent.
I
want to know this: How much money we have left?
What I want to say is this:
Pronunciation is very important in learning
English.
this
和
that
有时还可以用来表示程度。如：
I
don't want that much.
He is not that
wise.
The book is about this thick.
五
.
疑问代词
疑问代词包括
what, which, who,
whom, whose,
可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词
从句。
What, which, who
在句子中作主语或宾语，<
/p>
whom
作宾语，
whose
作定语。如：
Who is
speaking? (
主语
)
Which do you prefer, the yellow one or
the white one? (
宾语
)
What's your
sister?(
表语
)
The
man who is talking with my mother is an
engineer.(
引导定从句
)
The old man whose son is studying
abroad is our formal dean of the department.
(
引导定从
句
)
This is the plane which will fly to
Wuhan this afternoon.
(
引导定从句
)
I don't
remember whom I have lent my dictionary to.
(
引导宾语从句
)
疑问代词
what, which, who, whom
后面可以加
ever
来加重语气。如：
Whoever can be calling at
this time of the night
?
谁这么深更半夜来找人？
I'll
say whatever comes into my head.
Take
whichever book you like.
六
.
不定代词
不定代词包括
both, either, neither,
all, none, no, one, each, every, few, a few,
little, a little, many,
much, some,
any, other, another,
以及
some,
any, no, every
构成的合成代词。
（一）
both, either, neither
both
表示
两者
（都）
，
either
表示
（两者之中）
任何一个
，
nei
ther
表示
（两者之中）
没有一个
。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、
定语，
both
还可以作同位语。
My sister is good at planning her time
so that she always has enough time for both work
and
play.(be good at
擅长做某事
)
Neither of the answers is right.
Either of the books belongs to you.
Y
ou and I are both to blame.
Y
ou both agreed to stay.
Both
放在实意动词前，系动词
be
的后面。
（二）
all, none, no, one
all
和
none
用于三者以上的场合，分别表示
全部都
和
一个都没有
，
none
往往与
of
连用。
All
of us are fond of sports.(be fond of
爱好
)
We are all for
him.(be for sb
支持某人
)
Grasp all, lose all.
什么都抓，什么都抓不住。
（谚）
None of them know how to read and
write.
A
friend to all
is a friend to none.
滥交者无友。
（谚）
None of us are perfect.
None of them has had that kind of
experience.
no
表示
<
/p>
没有
，在句子中只能作定语，相当于
not a
或
not any
，
not
否定动词，
no
否定
名词。
Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不等人。
（谚）
No man is born wise.
没有人是生来聪明的。
（谚）
I'm no dancer.
(I'm not a dancer.)
one
指代上文提到的人或物，
前面可以加定冠词，
< br>可以有自己的定语，
还可以有复数形
式。
Y
our answer is a
good one.
I don't like coloured
envelopes. I like white ones.
I
haven't got a raincoat. I'll have to buy one.
（三）
each, every
each
和
every
表示
每一个
，
every
在句子中只能作定语，
each
可以作主语、宾语、定
语、同位语。
The headmaster shook hands with each of
the teacher.(shake hands with
握手
)
The students
try to set aside a little money each month.(set
aside
节约
)
From each according to his ability, to
each according to his needs(work).
各尽所能，
按需分
配。
I
have every reason to believe that she can finish
the job well.
There is every
possibility of our winning the game.
every
还常用在
every
little while (
每隔一会
)
，
every other day, every three days
（每隔两
天）
，
ev
ery ten miles(
每隔十英里
), every
now and then (
不时
)
，
every four years, every other
line, one out of every three students.
（四）
few, a few,
little, a little, many, much
few, a few,
many
修饰或指代可数名词，
little, a
little, much
修饰或指代不可数名词。
few,
little
表示否定，
a few, a little
表示肯定，
much
常用于否定句中。
Many
hands make light work.
人多好办事。
（谚）
Few words are best.
话少最好。
（谚）
They don’t take much interest in
it.
I know little about
it.
There’s a little water
left in the jar.
Few of them
have been to India.
I’ve read a few
books written by Dickens.
（五）
other, the other, others,
the others, another
other
the other
others
the others
another
泛指
√
√
√
特指
√
√
充当名词单数
√
（表示两者当中的另外一个）
√
充当名词复
数
√
√
充当形容词
√
√
√
Forty people came to the meeting. Two
of them were from Japan, the others from America.
Many people came to attend the meeting.
Some were from Japan, others were from America.
The United States, unlike many other
countries, receives a large number of immigrants
every
year from all over the world.
The twin sisters are so alike that we
find it difficult to tell one from the
other.(so
……
that
如
此以至于
tell sb. from
区分
)
Some students are watering the flowers,
others are weeding the fields.
The
task will be finished in another three days.
Four of them are in the classroom. What
about the others?
Please give me
another example to illustrate your point.
There are three apples on the table.
One is for my mother, another is for my father and
the
third is for me.
七、
it
的
用法
1.
指代一个人或事物。
It's only a fifteen-minute ride to my
school.
It often rains in the south
of China.
It's early
spring.
2
．作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词
或从句。
It took me five
minutes to finish reading the exercise.
It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.
The color TV set costs me more than
2,000 yuan.
I spent ten hours in
finishing the work.
I spent twenty
yuan on the shirt.
It is no use
crying now. Y
ou'd better study hard
now.(it is no use doing sth. )
To his
surprise, it turned out that Tom failed the
entrance examination.(to one's surprise
使某
人感到惊奇
)
It's a pity that you didn't watch the
match.
It is necessary for us to
have some exercise every day.
3
< br>．作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
They all regard it their duty to help
the poor people.
I don't think
it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(It's
worthwhile doing.
做……事是值得
的
)
We find it difficult to learn English
without practicing.
I think it no
use telling them.
I don't think
it very important that we should take part in the
discussion.(take part in
参加
)
He feels it his duty to help others.
4
．
构成强调句型。
当强调的部分是主语，
并且主语是人时，
句型中的
that
也可以换作
who
。
强调句基本构成
it is that
…
It is in the room that we met each
other for the first time.
It
was
not
until
1936
that
basketball
became
a
part
of
the
Olympic
Games.(not
until
直
到……才
)
It was they who attended the meeting
last week.
It is because the book is
so useful for my work that I bought it.
考试重点
that
< br>和
those
有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和
名词复数，
以避免重复。
而可数
名词单
数往往用
the
one
或
that
one
来代替。
that
可以指上面提到的
事情，
this
指下面要谈
的事情。<
/p>