-
1.
必修四
Unit1A STUDENT
OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
非洲野生动物研究者
It is 5:45 am and the sun
is just rising over Gombe National Park in East
Africa.
清晨
5
点
45
分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，
Following Jane's way of studying
chimps,
our group are all going to
visit them in the forest.
我们一行人准备按照简研究黑
猩猩的方法去
森林里拜访它们。
Jane has studied these families of
chimps for many years and helped people
understand how much they behave like
humans.
简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，
她帮助
人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
Watching
a family of chimps wake up is our first
activity of the day.
我们当天的首项
任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
This means going
back to the place where we left the
family sleeping in a tree the night before.
这意味着我们要返
回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
Everybody sits and waits in the shade of
the
trees while the family begins to
wake up and move off.
大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们
睡醒了，准备离开。
Then we
follow as they wander into the forest.
然后这群黑猩猩向森林深
处漫步而去，
我们尾随其后。
Most of the time, chimps either feed or
clean each other as a way of
showing
love in their family.
在大部分时间里，
黑猩猩或相互喂食，
或彼此擦身，
这在它们的
家庭里是表示爱的方式。
Jane warns
us that our group is going to be very tired and
dirty by the
afternoon
and
she
is
right.
简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了。
How
ever, the evening makes it all worthwhile.
不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。
We watch the mother chimp and her
babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to
sleep together
in their nest for the
night.
我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，
后来看见它们晚上
一起回窝里睡觉了。
We realize
that the bond between members of a chimp family is
as strong as
in a human family.
我明白了猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。
Nobody before Jane fully
understood chimp behaviour.
在简之前没有人完全了解
黑猩猩
的行为。
She spent
years observing and recording their daily
activities.
她花了多年的时间来观
察并记录黑猩
猩的日常生活。
Since her childhood
she had wanted to work with animals in their
own
environment.
从孩童时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。
However,
this
was
not
easy.
但是，这不是一件简单的事。
When she
first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual
for a woman to live in the forest.
当她
1960
年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，
住进大森林还是
很稀罕的事情。
Only after her
mother came to help her for the first few months
was she allowed
to begin her project. <
/p>
她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，
这才使她得以开始自己的计划。<
/p>
Her work
changed
the
way
people
think
about
chimps.
她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。
For
example, one important
thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat
meat.
比方说，
她的一
个重要发
现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
Until then everyone had
thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.
在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。
She
actually
observed
chimps
as
a
group
hunting a monkey and then eating it.
而她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把
它吃掉。
She also discovered how
chimps communicate with each other, and her study
of their
body language helped her work
out their social system.
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流
的，
而她对黑猩猩肢体语言的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。
For
forty
years
Jane
Goodall
has
been
outspoken
about
making
the
rest
of
the
world
understand and respect the life of
these animals. 40
年来，
简
?
古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重
这些动物的生活。
She has argued that wild
animals should be left in the wild and not used
for
entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广
告。
She has helped to set up
special places where they can live safely.
她还为黑猩猩建起了可
以安全生活的保护区。
She
is leading a busy life but she says:
她的
生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，
正如她所说的：
It's
terrible.
“
我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可
怕了。<
/p>
It affects me when I watch
the wild chimps.
每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是
萦绕着我。
I say to myself, 'Aren't
they lucky?
我会对自己说：
‘
难道它们不幸运吗？
’ And the
n
I think about small chimps in cages
though they have done nothing wrong.
然后
我就想起那些没
有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。
Onc
e you have seen that you
can never forget ...
一
旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记
……”
She
has
achieved
everything
she
wanted
to
do:
working
with
animals
in
their
own
environment, gaining a
doctor's degree and showing that women can live in
the forest as men can.
简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：<
/p>
在动物的栖息地工作；
获得博士学位；
还
向世人证明女人
和男人一样也能在森林里生活。
She
inspires
those
who
want
to
cheer
the
achievements
of
w
omen.
她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。
2.
必修四
Unit 1 WHY
NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?
为什么不继续她的事业？
I
enjoyed
English, biology,
and
chemistry
at
school,
but
which
one
should
I
choose
to
study
at
university?
上学
时我喜欢英语、
生物和化学，
但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？<
/p>
I did not know
the
answer
until
one
evening
when
I
sat
down
at
the
computer
to
do
some
research
on
great
women of
China.
直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。
By chance I came across an
article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a
specialist in women's
diseases.
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，
She
lived
from
1901
to 1983. 1901
年出生，
1983
年去世。
It seemed that she
had been very busy in her chosen
career, travelling abroad to study as
well as writing books and articles.
林巧稚
似乎一直都在为
自己选择的事业而奔忙，
她去国外留学，
并写了很多书和文章。
One of them caught my
eye.
其
中有一本书引起了我的注意。
It
was
a
small
book
explaining
how
to
cut
the
death
rate
from
having and caring for
babies.
这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低
死亡率。
She gave some simple rules
to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and
free from
sickness.
她提出了一些可以
遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。
Why
did
she
write
that?
她为什么要写这些东西呢？
Who
were
the
women
that
Lin
Qiaozhi
thought
needed
this
advice?
林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？
I
looked
carefully
at
the
text and realized that it was intended for women
in the countryside.
我细细地看了这篇文章，
< br>了解到那是为农村妇女写的。
Perhaps if they had an
emergency they could not reach a doctor.
也
许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was
for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！
Th
at was a generation when girls'
education
was
always
placed
second
to
boys'.
那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年
代。
Was she so much cleverer than
anyone else?
难道她比别人要聪明得多？
Further reading
made me
realize that it was hard work and determination as
well as her gentle nature that got her
into medical school.
进一步阅读使我
了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的
大门。
W
hat made her succeed later on was the kindness and
consideration she showed to all her
patients.
后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。
There
was
story
after
story
of
how Lin
Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at
night to deliver a baby for a poor family
who could not pay her.
数不胜数的故
事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫
苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭是
不可能给她报酬的。
By
now I could not wait to find out more about her. <
/p>
现在我迫不及待地想多了解一
些有关她的情况。
< br>
I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had
devoted her whole life to her patients and
had chosen not to have a family of her
own.
我发现林巧稚把毕生都奉献给了病人，
而自己却选<
/p>
择了独身。
Instead she made sure
that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.
她确保了大约
五万名婴儿的安全出生。
By
this time I was very excited.
这时候，
我非常激动。
Why not
study
at medical college like Lin
Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么
不像林巧稚那样去读医
学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？
It
was still not too late for me to improve my
studies, prepare for
the university
entrance examinations, and….
现在努力提高学习成绩
、准备大学入学考试还不
算晚
……
3.
必修四
Unit2 A
PIONEER FOR ALL
PEOPLE
造福全人类的先驱者
Although
he
is
one
of
China's
most
famous
scientists,
Yuan
Longping
considers
himself
a
farmer,
for he works the land to do his research.
< br>尽管是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然
认为自己是个农民，
因为他在田里耕作，
进行科学研究。
Indeed,
his sunburnt face and arms and
his
slim, strong body are just like those of millions
of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled
for the past five decades.
的
确，他被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实
的身躯，就跟其他千百万
中国农民一样，过去
50
年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
Dr
Yuan
Longping
grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁博士种植的是被称为
“
超级杂交水稻的
”
的
稻种。
In 1974, he became the first
agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice
that has a high
output.
1974
年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
This
special
strain
of
rice
makes it possible to
produce one-third more of the crop in the same
fields.
这种特殊的稻种使得
同样的田地多收获三分之
一的产量。
Now
more
than
60% of
the
rice
produced
in
China
each
year
is from this hybrid strain.
如今中国每年出产的稻米有
60%
以上出自这种杂交稻种。
Born in a poor
farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from
Southwest Agricultural
College in 1953.
袁博士
1930
年出生，
1953
年毕业于西南农学院。
Since
then, finding ways to
grow more rice
has been his life goal.
从那时起，找到水稻高产的方法就成为他一生的目标。
As a
young man, he saw the great need for increasing
the rice output.
年轻时，他就看到了稻田
增产的巨大需求。
At
that
time,
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
in
many
parts
of
the
countryside.
当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的严重问题。
Dr
Yuan
searched
for
a
way
to
increase rice harvests without
expanding the area of the fields.
袁博士要在
不增加土地面积的基
础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。
In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce
only fifty million tons
of
rice.
1950
年，中国农民只能生产五千万吨稻谷，
In
a
recent
harvest,
however,
nearly
two
hundred million tons of
rice was produced.
而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻谷。
These
increased
harvests mean that 22% of the
world's people are fed from just 7% of the
farmland in China.
这一
粮食产量的增加
意味着中国仅仅
7%
的耕地养活了世界
22%
的人口。
Dr
Yuan
is
now
circulating his knowledge in India,
Vietnam and many other less developed countries to
increase
their
rice
harvests.
袁博士现在在印度、越南和很多其他欠发
达国家传播提高水稻产量的知
识。
Thanks to his research, the UN has more
tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏
了他的研究，
联合国在消除世界饥饿的
战斗中有了更多的办法。
Using his hybrid rice,
farmers
are producing harvests twice as
large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民种出的粮食比以前
多了一倍。
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his
life.
袁博士很满意他的生活。
However, he
doesn't care
about being famous. He
feels it gives him less freedom to do his
research.
但是，
他对成名并不在
< br>意，
并且觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。
He would much rather keep time for his
hobbles.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
He
enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-
jong,
swimming
and
reading.
他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、打麻将、游泳和读书。
Spending
money
on
himself
or leading a comfortable life also means very
little to him.
在自己身上花钱或者享受舒
适
的生活对袁博士来说意义不大。
Indeed, he believes that
a person with too much money has
more
rather than fewer troubles.
事实上，他认为一个人有
了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，
而不是更少。
He therefore gives millions of yuan to
equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
Just
dreaming
for
things,
however,
costs
nothing.
梦想是不花本钱的。
Long
ago
Dr
yuan
had a dream about rice plants as tall
as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear
of corn and
each grain of rice was as
huge as a peanut.
很久以前，袁博士曾在梦里看到水稻长得像高粱
一
样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一样大。
Dr Yuan awoke from his dream
with the hope of producing a kind of
rice that could feed more people.
袁博士从梦
中醒来，希望
能种植一种能养活更多人的水稻。
Now,
many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to
export
his rice so that it can be grown
around the globe.
在很多年后的今天，袁博士还有另外一个梦
想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并长遍全球。
One dream
is not always enough, especially for a
person who loves and cares for his peop
le.
一个梦想总是不够的，
尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的
人来说更是如此。
4.
必修四
Unit2
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
化学耕作还是有机耕作？
Over
the past half century, using chemical fertilizers
has become very common in farming.
在过
去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。
Many
farmers welcomed them as a great
way to
stop crop disease and increase production.
很多农民喜欢使用化肥。把化肥作为防治农
作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。
Recently,
however,
scientists
have
been
finding
that
long-term
use
of
these
fertilizers
can
cause
damage
to
the
land
and,
even
more
dangerous,
to
people's health.
然而，
< br>最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，
甚至更危险的是，
会对人们的健康造成危害。
What are some of the problems caused by
chemical fertilizers?
化肥带来的问题有哪
些呢？
First, they damage the land by killing
the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the
harmful
ones.
首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的
同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
Chemicals also
stay in the ground and underground water for a
long time.
化学物质还会在地里
和地下水中保存很
长时间，
This
affects
crops
and,
therefore,
animals
and
humans,
since
chemicals get inside the crops and
cannot just be washed off.
而这会影响到庄稼，
进而影响到动
物和人类，
因为化学成分会进入
到农作物中，
并且不能被冲洗掉。
These
chemicals in the food
supply build up
in people's bodies over time.
随着时间的推移，食
物中的这些化学成分会在人
体中堆积。
Many of
these chemicals can lead to cancer or other
illnesses.
很多化学成分能导致
癌症或其他疾病。
In addition, fruit, vegetables and
other food grown with chemical fertilizers
usually grow too fast to be full of
much nutrition.
另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通
常生长得过快而营养不足。
They may
look beautiful, but inside there is usually more
water than
vitamins and minerals.
它们表面上很好看，但里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维生素和矿
物质。
With
these
discoveries,
some
farmers
and
many
customers
are
beginning
to
turn
to
organic
farming.
由于这些发现，一些农民和消费者开始转向有机耕作。
Organic
farming
is
simply
farming
without
using
any
chemicals.
有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。
They
focus on keeping their soil rich and
free of disease.
农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。
A healthy
soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong
and healthy.
健康的土壤会减少病虫
害并且帮助
农作物茁壮成长。
Organic farmers,
therefore, often prefer using natural waste from
animals as fertilizer.
因此，
有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料。
They feel
that this makes
the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so
more fertile.
他们认为这样会使
地里的土壤更
富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，
This also
keeps the air, soil, water and crops
free from chemicals.
同时还可以让空气
、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
Organic farmers
also use many other methods to keep the soil
fertile.
有机耕作的农民
也使用很多其他的方法来保
持土地肥沃。
They often change the kind of
crop in each field every
few years, for
example, growing corn or wheat and then the next
year peas or soybeans.
在同一
块地
里，
他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。
例如，
种玉米和小麦后来年再改种豌豆或大豆。
Crops
such
as
peas
or
soybeans
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
soil,
making
it
ready
for
crops such as wheat or
corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像
豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的
矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土地肥沃的
农作物，比如玉米或小麦。
Organic
farmers also plant crops to use
different levels of soil, for example, planting
peanuts that use the
ground's surface
followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. <
/p>
有机耕作的农民还种植多种
农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。
比如，
他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，
然
后再种植生根
于深层土壤的蔬菜。
Some organic
farmers prefer planting grass between crops to
prevent wind or
water from carrying
away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground
to become a natural fertilizer
for the
next year's crop
还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止
水土流失，并且
把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。
These
many
different
organic
farming
methods have the
same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging
the environment or people's
health.
这些不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人
们的健康。
5.
必修四
Unit 3 A
MASTER OF NONVERBAL
HUMOUR
无声的幽默的大师
As Victor Hugo
once said,
维克
多
·
雨果曾经说过：
“
笑容如同阳光，
驱散人们脸上的阴霾
”
and up to
now nobody has been able
to do this
better than Charlie Chaplin.
关于这一点，直到今天
也没有人比查理
·
卓别林做的更
好。<
/p>
He brightened the lives of
Americans and British through two world wars and
the hard years
in
between. <
/p>
在两次世界大战及中间艰苦的岁月里，他给英国和美国人民带来了快乐。
< br>He
made people laugh at a time when
they felt depressed, so they could feel more
content with their
lives.
在人
们感到沮丧的时候，
查理使人们开怀大笑，
于是他们对自己的生
活感到更加满足。
Not
that Charlie's own life was easy!
然而卓别林自己的生活也并不容易。
He was born
in
a poor family in 1889. His parents
were both poor music hall performers.
他
生于
1889
年，
出身贫
寒。他的父母都是杂耍戏院里贫穷的演员。
You may find it
astonishing that Charlie was taught
to
sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon
as he could walk.
你可能会感到惊奇，查理
刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。
Such training was common in
acting families at this time,
especially when the family income was often
uncertain.
这样的训练
在当时的演员家庭中是很普
遍的，尤其是在家庭收入经常不稳定的时候。
Unfortunately his
father
died, leaving the family even worse off, so
Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick
mother and his brother.
不幸的是
他的父亲去世了，
使得他的家庭更加艰难，
所以查理在童年
时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。
By
his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become
one
of the most popular child actors in
England.
在十多岁的时候，
凭借着自己的幽默，
查理已经在
英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。
He could mime and act the fool doing
ordinary everyday tasks.
他能够不说话而仅靠动作来模仿傻子做日常的任务。
No
one was ever bored watching him -his
subtle
acting
made
everything
entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊<
/p>
——
他巧妙的表演
使得一切都那么滑稽可
笑。
As time went
by, he began making films. .
随着时间的推移，
他开始拍电影。
He grew more
and more popular as his charming
character, the little tramp, became known
throughout the world.
他塑造的可爱的
“
小流浪汉
”
角色开始闻名于世，而
查理越来越受欢迎。
The
tramp,
a
poor,
homeless
man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-
out shoes and a small round black hat.
He walked around stilly carrying a
walking stick.
这个穷苦的无家可归的小流浪汉，留着小胡
子，穿着大裤子、破鞋子，
头顶着黑色的小圆帽。他手里拿着一根手杖迈着
僵硬的步伐四处
走动。
This
character was a social failure but was loved for
his optimism and determination to
overcome all difficulties.
这
个角色是个社会生活中的失败者，但他乐观的精神和战胜困难的
决心使他受到人们的喜爱
。
He was the underdog who
was kind even when others were unkind
to him.
面对并不善待他的人，这个弱者依然保持友善的态度。
How did the little tramp
make a sad situation entertaining?
然而这个
小流浪汉是如何把悲
凉的遭遇变得滑稽可笑的呢？
Here
is
an
example
from
one
of
his
most
famous
films,
The
Gold Rush.
这里有一个例子，
来自于他最著名的电影之一
《淘金记》
。
< br>
It is the mid-nineteenth
century and gold has just been
discovered in California. 19
世纪中叶，在加利福尼亚
州发现了金
子。
Like so
many others, the little tramp and his friend have
rushed there in search of gold, but
without
success.
像其他很多人一样，小流浪汉和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但却没有成
功。
Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with
nothing to eat.
相反，
他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，
没有任何东西可吃。
They are
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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