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2014
年四川大学考博英语入学考试试题
考生请注意：
1
．本试题共
5
大题，共
12
页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为
180
分钟
。
2
．
1-
70
题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。
3
．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹
清楚、工整。
I
．
Reading
Comprehension (30%; one mark each)
Directions: Read the following six
passages. Answer the
questions below
each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or
[D]. Write your answers on the Answer
Sheet.
Passage One
In general, our society is becoming one
of giant
enterprises directed by a
bureaucratic management in which
man
becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.
The
oiling is done with higher wages,
Nell-ventilated
factories and piped
music, and by psychologists and
“
human-
relations
”
experts; yet all
this oiling does not
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alter the fact that
man has become powerless, that he is
bored with it. In fact, the blue and
the white-collar
workers have become
economic puppets who dance to the tune
of automated machines and bureaucratic
management.
The worker and employee are
anxious, not only because
they might
find themselves out of a job; they are anxious
also because they are unable to acquire
any real
satisfaction of interesting
life. They live and die
without ever
having confronted the fundamental realities
of human existence as emotionally and
intellectually
independent and
productive human beings.
Those higher
up on the social ladder are no less
anxious. Their lives are no less empty
than those of their
subordinates. They
are even more insecure in some respects.
They are in a highly competitive race.
To be promoted or
to fall behind is not
a matter of salary but even more a
matter of self-respect. When they apply
for their first
job, they are tested
for intelligence as well as for the
right mixture of submissiveness and
independence. From the
moment on they
are tested again and again-by the
psychologists, for whom testing is a
big business, and by
their superiors,
who judge their behavior, sociability,
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capacity to get along, etc. This
constant need to prove
that one is as
good as or better than one
’
s
fellow-
competitor creates constant
anxiety and stress, the very
causes of
unhappiness and illness.
Am I
suggesting that we should return to the
preindustrial mode of production or to
nineteenth-century
“
free
enterprise
”
capitalism?
Certainly not. Problems
the never
solved by returning to a stage which one has
already outgrown. I suggest
transforming our social system
form, a
bureaucratically managed industrialism in which
maxima, production and consumption are
ends in themselves,
into a humanist
industrialism in which man and full
development of his potentialities-those
of all love and of
reason-are the aims
of social arrangements. Production and
consumption should serve only as means
to this end and
should be prevented
from ruling man.
1. By
“
a well-oiled cog in the
machinery
”
the author
intends to deliver the idea that man is
____.
[A] a necessary part of the
society though each
individual
’
s
function is negligible
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[B] working in
complete harmony with the rest of the
society
[C] an unimportant
part in comparison with the rest of
the
society
[D] a humble component of the
society, especially when
working
smoothly
2. The real cause of the
anxiety of the workers and
employees is
that ____.
[A] they are likely to
lose their jobs
[B] they have no
genuine satisfaction or interest in
life
[C] they are faced
with the fundamental realities of
human
existence
[D] they are deprived of
their individuality and
independence
3. From the passage we can conclude
that real happiness of
life belongs to
those ____.
[A] who are at the bottom
of the society
[B] who are higher up
in their social status
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[C] who prove
better than their fellow-competitors
[D] who could dip fir away from this competitive
world
4. To solve the present social
problems the author puts
forward a
suggestion that we should ____.
[A]
resort to the production mode of our ancestors
[B] offer higher wages to the workers
and employees
[C] enable man to fully
develop his potentialities
[D] take
the fundamental realities for granted
5. The author
’
s
attitude towards industrialism might best
be summarized as one of ____.
[A] approval
[C]
suspicion
Passage Two
The government-run command post in
Tunis is staffed
around the clock by
military personnel, meteorologists and
civilians. On the wall are maps,
crisscrossed with
brightly colors
arrows that painstakingly track the
fearsome path of the enemy.
[B] dissatisfaction
[D]
susceptibility
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What kind of invader gives
rise to such high-level
monitoring? Not
man, not beast, but the lowly desert
locust
（蝗虫）
. In
recent moths, billions of the
3-inch-
long winged warriors have
descended on Algeria, Libya,
Morocco
and Tunisia, blackening the sky and eating up
crops and vegetation. The insect
invasion, the worst in 30
years, is
already creating great destruction in the Middle
East and is now treating southern
Europe. The current
crisis began in
late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually
rainy weather moistened the sands of
the Sudan, making
them ideal breeding
grounds for the locust, which lays its
eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught
threatens to
create yet another African
famine. Each locust can eat its
weight
(not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation
every
24 hours. A good-size swarm of 50
billion insects eats up
100,000 tons of
grass, trees and crops in a single night.
All $$150 million may be needed this
year. The U.S. has
provided two
spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of
pesticide. The European Community has
donated $$3.8 million
in aid and the
Soviet Union, Canada, Japan and China have
provided chemical-spraying aircraft to
help wipe out the
pests. But relief
efforts are hampered by the relative
mildness of approved pesticides, which
quickly lose their
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deadly punch and
require frequent replications. The most
effective locust killer Dieldrin has
been linked to cancer
and is banned by
many Western countries and some of the
affected African nations. More than 5
million acres have
been dusted with
locust-killing chemicals; another 5
million will be treated by the end of
June.
On May 30, representatives of
Tunisia, Algeria, Libya,
Morocco and
Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss
tactics to wipe out the ravenous
swarms. The move is an
important step,
but whatever plan is devised, the locust
plague promised to get worse before the
insects can be
brought under control.
6. The main idea of the first sentence
in the passage is
that ____.
[A] the command post is stationed
with people all the
time.
[B] the command post is crowded with people all
the time.
[C] there are clocks around
the command post.
[D] the clock in
the command post is taken care of by
the staff.
7. The favorable
breeding ground for the locust is ____.
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[A] rich soil.
[B] wet
land
[C] spaces covered crops and
vegetation
[D] the Red Sea
8. People are alert at the threat of
the locust because
____.
[A] the insects are likely to create another
African
famine.
[B] the
insects may blacken the sky.
[C] the
number of the insects increases drastically.
[D] the insects are gathering and
moving in great speed.
9. Which of the
following is true?
[A] Once the
pesticides are used, locust will die
immediately.
[B] Relief
efforts are proved most fruitful due to the
effectiveness of certain pesticides.
[C] Dieldrin, the most effective
locust killer, has been
widely accepted
in many countries.
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[D] Over 10 million
acres of affected area will have
been
treated with locust-killing chemicals by the end
of June.
10. The purpose for
affected nations to meet in Algiers on
May 30 is ____.
[A] to
devise antilocust plans.
[B] to wipe
out the swarms in two years.
[C] to
call out for additional financial aid from other
nations.
[D] to bring the
insects under control before the plague
gets worse.
Passage Three
The London
2012 sustainability watchdog embroiled in a
row over the
sports
ship
of the Olympic Stadium by Dow
Chemical is to push the International
Olympic Committee to
appoint an
“
ethics
champion
”
for future Games.
The Commission for a Sustainable London
2012 has been
bruised by criticism over
Dow
’
s sponsorship of the
wrap
that will surround the Olympic
stadium, particularly since
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commissioner
Meredith Alexander last month resigned in
protest.
Campaigners believe
that Dow has ongoing liabilities
relating to the 1984 Bhopal disaster
that resulted in the
deaths of an
estimated 20,000 people and the serious
injury of tens of thousands more. Dow,
which bought the
owner of the plant in
2001, insists that all liabilities
have
been settled in full.
Commission
chairman Shaun McCarthy said that its tight
sustainability remit did not extend to
acting as moral
guardian of the Olympic
movement but that it would press
for
such a role to be created when evaluating sponsors
for
future Games.
In
addition to sponsoring the 7m pounds wrap that
will
surround the Olympic Stadium, Dow
has a separate 100m
dollars sponsorship
deal with the IOC that was signed in
2010.
But McCarthy also
defended the commission
’
s
role in
evaluating the Dow deal, after
Amnesty International wrote
to London
2012 chairman Lord Coe to raise the issue.
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“
What has been lost in all
of this story is that a
really
excellent, sustainable product has been procured,
we looked at
Locog
’
s examination of Dow
Chemical
’
s
current corporate responsibility
policies and, again, Dow
achieved that
highest score in that evaluation. We
verified that.
”
said McCarthy.
“
As far as
the history is concerned and issues around
Bhopal, there is no doubt Bhopal was a
terrible disaster
and snore injustice
was done to the victims. Who is
responsible for that injustice is a
matter for the courts
and a matter for
others. We have a specific remit and
terms of reference that we operate
under and we have
operated diligently
under those terms.
”
The commission will on Thursday release
its annual
review. It finds that
“
good
press
”
has been made to
wands many of
Locog
’
s sustainability
target, but that
“
major
challenges
”
remain.
In particular, the commission found
that there was no
coherent strategy to
achieve a 20% reduction in carbon
emissions after an earlier scheme to
use renewable energy
feel through when
a wind turbine on the site proved
impractical.
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“
We
had conversations with Locog over a year ago about
this and said they had to demonstrate
how they were going
to achieve at least
20% carbon reductions through energy
conservation if
they
’
re not going to do it
through
renewable
energy,
”
said McCarthy.
“
There are some good
initiatives, but quite frankly they
just haven
’
t done
it.
”
11. Why was Dow
’
s
sponsorship criticized according to the
passage?
[A] The products
are not sustainable.
[B] It was
related to Bhopal disaster.
[C] It
bribed the London Olympic committee.
[D] It can
’
t reduce 20% of
the carbon emission.
12. What is
Paragraph 4 mainly about?
[A]
Commission
’
s role
[B]
Commission
’
s achievements
[C]
Commission
’
s complaints
[D]
Commission
’
s defense
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13. Which of the following words can
best replace the
underlined word
“
row
”
(Para. 1)?
[A] line
[C]
boating
[B] argument
[D]
course
14. What is one of the
challenges of the sustainability
target
mentioned in the passage?
[A] Ethic
champion of the games.
[B] Reduction
in carbon emissions.
[C] The wind
turbine proved to be impractical.
[D]
Renewable energy is not available.
15.
Which of the following can best summarize the
passage?
[A] Commission defends its
own role in evaluating
controversial.
[B] Dow
’
s way
to the 2012 London Olympic Games.
[C]
Campaign against Dow
’
s
sponsorship.
[D]
IOC
’
s review on the
controversy.
Passage Four
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As Facebook dominates the news with its
initial public
offering, activists are
seizing the moment to pressure the
company to add some estrogen and
ethnicity to its white-
male board.
A women
’
s rights
group called Ultraviolet, which has
been running an online petition that
claims to have
attracted more than
50,000 signatures, is escalating its
push, posting a new YouTube video
called
“
Do Women Have a
Future at
Facebook?
”
. The video shows
photos of
successful women such as
Hillary Clinton getting their
heads
cropped off the replaced with the smiling face of
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.
“
Facebook has grown off the
backs of women, who make
up the
majority of its users and are responsible for the
majority of sharing and fan activity on
the site,
”
the
group says in a blurb accompanying the
video. An all-male
board, the group
says, is
“
not just wrong,
it
’
s bad for
business
”
. A
related campaign, called Face It, criticizes
the lack of ethnic diversity on the
seven-member board.
“
seven
white men: That
’
s
ridiculous,
”
the group says
on
its homepage, along side headshots
of the men. The
campaign, which lists
dozens of human-rights groups and
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/p>
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corporate executives as supporters,
also has its own
YouTube video. Called
“
Face it,
Facebook
”
, the video
cites a recent Zuckerberg letter to
investors that
says:
“
Facebook
was not originally created to be a company.
It was built to accomplish a social
mission-to make the
world more open and
connected.
”
That
message is at odds with the pale-faced board,
activists say. Susan Stautberg, co-
chairwoman of Women
Corporate
Directors, an organization for female corporate
board members, says
Zuckerberg
’
s thinking is
flawed.
“
If
you
’
re trying to
expand a company globally, then you want
someone on the board who has built a
global brand,
”
she
says.
“
Most of
these guys on Facebook
’
s
board all have
the same skills-
they
’
re mostly from Silicon
Valley and
Washington. You want someone
who has worked in China and
India and
rising markets. You want someone who has
marketed to women. When
you
’
re putting together a
board,
you don
’
t
want your best friends, you want the best
people.
”
Having zero female directors does not
appear to be a
good business plan,
research shows. Companies with women
on
the board perform substantially better than
companies
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with all-mall boards, according
to a 2011 study of Fortune
500
companies conducted by the research group
Catalyst.
The study showed that over
the course of four to five
years,
companies with three or more female board members,
on average, outperformed companies with
no female board
members by 84 percent
when it came to return on sales and
by
60 percent when it came to return on invested
capital.
Facebook may secretly be on
the lookout for a female
board member,
according to a recent Bloomberg report.
Citing unnamed sources, Bloomberg said
Facebook had
enlisted the corporate-
recruitment firm Spencer Stuart to
help
seek some diversity. Spencer Stuary says it does
not
comment on clients due to
confidentiality agreements.
16. Which of the following descriptions
is CORRECT about
the Ultraviolet Group?
[A] It is a non-government
organization.
[B] It is appealing for
“
more female roles in big
corporations like
Facebook
”
through the
Internet.
[C] It has the support of
many female celebrities such
as Hillary
Clinton.
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[D] It is getting more and
more support from the society.
17.
Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT
about
the campaign
“
Face
It
”
?
[A] It
pointed out the irrational composition of
Facebook
’
s board
of directors.
[B] The campaign has
plenty of human-rights supporters.
[C] It indicated the original objective of
Zuckerberg
’
s
establishment of Facebook.
[D] It is constantly using other media devices to
support Facebook.
18. The
underlined phrase
“
at odds
with
”
in the fourth
paragraph has the closest meaning of
____.
[A] against all odds
[C] disagree with
[B]
supported by
[D] waifs and strays
19. According to Susan Stauberg, a
well-performed business
should _____.
[A] have a complex system of
management.
[B] possess the most
market globally.
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[C] have your best and
close friends as your board
members.
[D] have a diverse board member in
which everyone has
his/her own
specialties and can contribute different
skills into the corporation.
20. What will probably happen to
Facebook?
[A] The corporation will
turn to Spencer Stuart for
recruiting
more female board members.
[B] The
corporation will dominate the news because its
worldwide popularity.
[C]
The corporation will gradually lose its users
because it does not have female board
members.
[D] None of the above.
Passage Five
For
this generation of young people, the future looks
bleak. Only one in six is working full
time. Three out of
five live with their
parents or other relatives. A large
majority-73 percent-think they need
more education to find
a successful
career, but only half of those say they will
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definitely enroll in the next few
years. No, they are not
the idle youth
of Greece or Spain or Egypt. They are the
youth of America, the
world
’
s richest country, who
do not
have college degrees and
aren
’
t getting them anytime
soon.
Whatever the sob stories about
recent college graduates
spinning their
wheels as baristas or clerks, the situation
for their less-educated peers is far
worse. For this group,
finding work
that pays a living wage and offers some sense
of security has been elusive.
Despite the continuing national
conversation about
whether college is
worth it given the debt burden it
entails, most high school graduates
without college
degrees said they
believe they would be unable to get good
jobs without more education.
Getting it is challenging, though, and
not only because
of formidable debt
levels. Ms. McClour and her husband,
Andy, have two daughters under 3 and
another due next
month. She said she
tried enrolling in college classes,
but
the workload became too stressful with such young
children. Mr. McClour works at a gas
station. He hates his
work and wants to
study phlebotomy, but the nearest school
is an hour and half away.
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Many
of these young people had been expecting to go to
college since they started high school,
perhaps
anticipating that employers
would demand skills high
schools do not
teach. Just one in ten high school
graduates without college degrees said
they were
“
extremely well
prepared by their high school to succeed
in their job after
graduation.
”
These young
people
worried about getting left
behind and were pessimistic
about
reaching some of the milestones that make up the
American dream. More than half-56
percent-of high school
graduates
without college diplomas said that their
generation would have less financial
success than their
parents. About the
same share believed they would find
work that offered health insurance
within that time frame.
Slightly less
than half of respondents said the next few
years would bring work with good job
security or a job
with earnings that
were high
“
enough to lead a
comfortable
life
”
. They were similarly
pessimistic about
being able to start a
family or buy a home.
The online survey
was conducted between March 21 and
April 2, and covered a nationally
representative survey of
544 high
school graduates from the classes of 2006-11 who
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did not have
bachelor
’
s degrees. The
margin of sampling
error was plus or
minus 5 percentage points.
21. What does the underlined phrase
“
spinning their
wheels
”
mean in
Paragraph 1?
[A] fastening the pace
[C] asking for help
[B]
confusing the situation
[D] scooting
out
22. What will the high school
graduates probably do
according to the
article?
[A] Find jobs right after
graduation.
[B] Receive further study
in college.
[C] Go to join the
national conversation.
[D] Pay for
the debt.
23. What does the story of
“
Andy and Ms.
McClour
”
try to
inform us?
[A] They both
prefer making money to education.
[B]
Colleges do not accept students who are married
and
have children.
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