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厦门北上专升本冲刺班
1
班
阅读理解难点和长句解析
一类是由一些固定的词组搭配所构成的长句，如
so
（
such
）
……that
（如此
……
以致
……
，
not
only……but
also
（
不
仅
……
-
而
且
……
-
）
，
not……but
（
不
是
……
而
是
……
）
，<
/p>
so
as……to
（
< br>如
此
……
以
致
……
）
，
transform……from……into……
（把
……
从
……
改变为
……
）
，
not
so
much……as……
（不是<
/p>
……
而是
……
）
as……as……
（像
……
一样）等；另一类是由多个插入成分或并列结构过多构成的长句。对于前者我们只需抓住< p>
固定搭配所连接的主干，分步理解；后者则直接抓住句子的主干，分步理解。
下面就近年来
阅读真题文章中所出现的
“
长难句
”<
/p>
逐一进行分析（
“/”
表示断句标示，
适当的断句可以帮考生很
好地理解句意）
。
The Olympian
athletic festival/held every four years/in honor
of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, /eventually
lost its
local character, became first
a national event and then, after the rules against
foreign competitors had been
abolished
，
international.
分析：
本句实际是由几个简单
的并列句组成的一个长句，省略了共同的主语
The Olympian
athletic festival.
补充
省略部分，该句可
理解为以下简单句的句意组合：
The Olympian athletic festival held
every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the
Olympian Gods.
The
Olympian athletic festival eventually lost its
local character.
After the rules against foreign competitors had
been abolished, the Olympian athletic festival
became first a national
event and then,
international.
翻译：
奥林匹克运动会最初是为了纪念
Zeus
（奥林匹亚的一个神）
，每四年主办一次，
最终它丧失了原
-
有的地
方色彩，
逐渐成为一种国家级体育盛事。而后，在一些反对国外竞技者参与的规则被废除之后，逐渐变成了一种
国际性的体育盛事。
Aristotle,
for
example,
whose
natural
science
/dominated
the
Western
thought
for
two
thousand
years,
believed
that/man
could
arrive
at
an
understanding
of
reality/
by
reasoning
from
self-evident
principle/that
everything
in
the
universe has its proper place, hence
one can deduce that/objects fall to the ground
because that''s where it belongs.
< br>分析：
首先抓住句子主干，对于插入部分我们可以暂时忽略掉。本句主干为：
Aristotle believed that man could
arrive at an understanding of reality
by reasoning from self-evident principle
，
然后再逐步理解其他成分。
whose natural
science dominated Western thought for
two thousand years
是对
Aristotl
e
的补充说明。
everything in the
universe has its
proper
place,
hence
one
can
deduce
that
objects
fall
to
the
ground
because
that's
where
it
belongs
是对
self-
evident
principle
的同步解释。该句可理解
为以下简单句的句意组合：
Aristotle believed that man could
arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning
from self-evident principle.
Aristotle's natural science
dominated the Western thought for two thousand
years.
Self-evident
principle is that everything in the universe has
its proper place, hence one can deduce that
objects fall to
the ground because
that's where it belongs.
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厦门北上专升本冲刺班
1
班
翻译：
举个例子吧，亚里士多德，他的自然科学理论统治了整个西方思想长达两千年之久
。他认为，人们可以
通过一些显而易见的法则推断来达到对现实的理解。
这种不证自明的法则就是，
任何事件在宇宙中总有其合适的
位置。因而人们可以推断出，物体掉到地上是因为物体本身就属于大地的。
Both you and she
know that/if you are not sure what you want, you
are not likely to find it.
分析：
that if
属于常考结构，
对于这种结构的理解关键在于学会对
that
if
结构进行断句。在理解的时候，
that if
间语义应稍作停顿，把
if
与后面引导的状语从句
语义连贯起来。
翻译：
你和她都知道，如果你不能
确定你所想要的东西，那么你就没有可能找到它。
The mineral elements from the
soil/that are usable by the plant/must be
dissolved in the soil solution/before they can
be taken into the root.
分析：
句子主干为：
The
mineral elements must be dissolved in the soil
solution before they can be taken into the
root.
定语从句
“that are usable by
the plan”
是修饰
“The mineral
elements”
：
“from the soil”
是介词短语作状语。
该句可理解
为以下简单句
的句意组合：
The mineral elements from the soil must be
dissolved in the soil solution before they can be
taken into the root.
The mineral elements are usable by the plan.
< br>翻译：
土地里被植物所用到的矿物质元素只有在土地里先期溶解，才能被植物的根
吸收。
has
suggested that/it is as proper to term the plant a
water structure/as to call a house composed mainly
of
brick/a brick building.
< br>分析：
这里是由
as……as……
（像
……
-
一样，正如
……
-
一样）连接两个并列成分构成的长句。该句的
主干为：
has
suggested
that/it
is
as
proper
to
term
the
plant
a
water
structure/as
to
call
a
house
a
brick
building.“composed mainly of
brick”
是分词作状语修饰
“a house”
。这里把
“
砖与房子的关系比做水与植物的关系说
明水对于植物的重要性
”
。
<
/p>
翻译：
认为，正如把一栋主要由砖建造的
建筑称为砖瓦建筑一样，我们可以把植物看作一种水体结
构。
To be promoted or
to fall behind/is not a matter of salary but /even
more a matter of self-respect. This constant need
to
prove/that one is as good as or
better than one''s fellow-competitor/creates
constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of
unhappiness and illness.
< br>分析：
第一句主要是
not……but……
（不是
……
而是
……
）
的理解。
第二句主干：
This constant need to prove creates
constant anxiety and
stress.
句子主干中
“This constant
need to
prove”
是不定式短语作主语。
“that one is
as good as or
better than one's fellow-
competitor”
是对
This
constant need to
prove
的同步说明。
“the very causes
of unhappiness and
illness”
是
对
“constant anxiety and
stress”
的同步说明。
翻译：
晋升与贬职不仅仅是薪水的改变，
更多的是有关自尊的事情。
这种不断地证明一个人和自己的对手一样
优秀或者比其更优秀的需要，
< br>使人产生了一种长久的焦虑和压力，
正是这种焦虑和压力导致了人的不快乐和疾病
。
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