-
1. Noun Suffixes
(1) Denominal
Nouns
由名词转化的名词
?
Concrete:
the
suffixes of this group are added to noun bases to
produce concrete nouns.
1)
-eer
meaning
‘
skilled in, engaged
in
’
e.g.
engineer, profiteer,
mountaineer…
2)
-er
meaning
‘as
dominant characteristic, denizen of’
e.g. teenager, Londoner, glover,
northwester (
西北大风
)
…
3)
-ess
meaning
‘female’
4)
-ette
meaning
‘compact’
e.g.
kitchenette, dinette, cigarette …
-ette
also
meaning
‘imitation and
female’
e.g.
leatherette, flannelette
(
棉织法兰绒
),
usherette…
5)
-let
meaning
‘small, unimportant’
e.g. droplet, booklet,
starlet…
6)
-ster
meaning
‘involved in’
e.g. trickster,
gangster, songster…
?
Abstract:
the
suffixes of this group are added to noun bases to
form abstract nouns.
1)
-age
meaning
‘measure of, process or
state’
e.g. storage, mileage,
footage, coverage…
2)
-dom
meaning
‘state, condition’
e.g. officialdom
(
官场
,
官僚作风
), kingdom, stardom (
名演员的身份
,
明星界
) …
3)
-ery, -ry
meaning
‘condition or behavior associated
with’
e.g
.
slavery, devilry, savagery…
-ery, -ry
also
meaning
‘place’
e.g. bakery,
winery…
4)
-ful
meaning
‘amount contained in’
e.g. armful, houseful,
mouthful…
5)
-hood
meaning
‘state, condition’
e.g. adulthood, daughterhood,
spinsterhood (
独身
,
未婚
), widowerhood (
鳏居
,
丧妻
)…
6)
-ing
meaning
‘the
material of’
e.g. tubing (
管类<
/p>
,
管子
;
管形材
料
), matting, carpeting…
-ing
also
meaning
‘activity connected
with’
e.g. farming,
golfing…
7)
-ism
meaning
‘doctrine of, practice of’
e.g. terrorism, sexis
m,
consumerism…
8)
-ship
meaning
‘occupation, position’
e.g. governorship
(
州长或总督等的职位或任期
),
authorship…
-ship
also
meaning
‘skill and
ability’
e.g. craftsmanship,
sportsmanship…
-ship
also meaning
‘relation’
e.g.
acquaintanceship, fr
iendship,
partnership…
(2)
Deverbal Nouns
由动词转化的名词
1
?
The following suffixes combine with verb bases to
yield largely agential nouns.
1)
-ant
meaning ‘
occupations and
participation
’
e.g.
assistant, contestant,
applicant…
-ant
meaning
‘an
object or substance’
e.g. coolant,
pollutant…
2)
-ee
meaning
‘receiver of the action’
e.g.
addressee,
employee, trainee…
3)
-ent
meaning
‘a person or a thing’
e.g.
respondent,
correspondent, descendent…
4)
-er,
-or
meaning
‘doer of the
action’
e.g
. commander,
photographer,…
or non-persons
e.g. cooker, mixer,
recorder…
elevator, escalator…
?
Suffixes of
the next group added to verb bases to produce
largely abstract nouns, denoting action,
result, process, state, etc.
1)
-age
meaning
‘action of , instance of’
e.g.
marriage,
linkage, carriage…
2)
-al
meaning
‘the
process or state of’
e.g. dismissal,
survival, portrayal…
3)
-ance
meaning
‘action, process, state’
e.g.
performance, insurance,
attendance…
4)
-ation,
-ition,
-tion,
-sion,
-ion
meaning
‘process
or
state
of’
or
‘product
of,
institution
produced by’
e.g.
imagination, addition, protection, commission,
operation…
5)
-ence
meaning
‘action, process, state’
e.g.
adherence,
persistence, existence…
6)
-ing
meaning
‘action of’
e.g. wedding,
opening, savings, earnings…
7)
-ment
meaning
‘result of’
e.g.
assessment, puzzlement, resentment…
(3) De-adjective Nouns
由形容词转化的名词
1)
-ity
meaning ‘
state or
condition
’
e.g.
productivity, in
tensity,
superiority…
-ant
productive with
adjectives ending in
–
able,
-al, -ar
…
e.g.
respectability, morality, popularity…
2)
-ness
meaning
‘state or quality’
e.g.
youthfulness, up-to-
dateness
…
(4) Noun and
Adjective Suffixes
由形容词转化的名词
1)
-ese
meaning
‘
member of, language
of
’
e.g. Chinese,
Lebanese…
2