-
It is good for animals to stay in the
zoo
。
1 zoo can
protect animals from being killed by
humans
。
2 the
place where they live is getting smaller and
smaller
,
such as
forest
,
they have no
place to live but
zoo
。
3 Their
habitants are polluted by
people
。
If animas still stay
in there
,
their health will
be in
dangerous
。
4 It is more difficult for animals to
get food because of
the
decreasing plants or bad
habitants
。
If they
stay in the zoo
,
they will be
alive instead of being a history at least
。
5
zoo is a good place for scientists to figure out
some animals
’
rep
roduction
。
animals
’
offspring will
increase
。
6 sick
animals can get more help in the
zoo
。
7 some
animals cannot adapt to the nature
,
people can give them a
better place
to live
,
such as
zoo
。
8 some
animals may be severly killed by their natural
enemy
。
zoo can stop such
things
happening
。
Save the Wild Animals
1
.许多野生动物正面临绝种的危险。
2
.为了保护野生动物,必须采取措
施。
3
.
只有采取有力措施,才能保护野生动物。
Many wild animals are facing the danger
of extinction, because the environment that they
are living in has changed greatly. For
example, with the developmet of cities, the using
of
insecticide and serious pollution,
their living areas have become narrowcr and
narrower.
Many of the wild animals, now
are confronted with food crisis. At the same time,
man is
killing off species just for
getting their fur, skin, horns, teeth and meat.
In order to protect our
resources of ecology, people should realize that
the loss of any
species is at least the
loss of source of knowledge and a source of
natural beauty. There
fore, measures of
the following should be taken: pollution standards
are made to keepdown
poisons; killing
off certain rare species is prohibited; national
parks should be set up as wild
life,
reserves.
Only if we human
beings take some drastic measures can wild animals
be preserved.
环境污染
有那些环境污染
throw
away rubbish
spit on the road
emit waste water and gas
环境污染〖中英文对照〗
什么是污染
随着工业革命的到来,它所引起的环境污染也正惊人地增长。我们把污染定义为空气、
水、陆地的物理、化学或生物特性的一种不利变化,这种变化
可危害人或其它活的有机体的健康、生存或活动。主要有四种污染
--<
/p>
陆地上的废弃物、水污
染(既可是海洋的也可以是内陆湖泊的水)
、大气污染和噪音污染。
什么是陆地污染
p>
有许多物质都能对陆地产生污染。主要的污染物分为两类:可降解的和不可降解的。可
降解的污染物如
DDT
和放射性物质。
DDT
的分解虽缓慢,但最终可被完全破坏,或被减少
到无害的水平。例如:土壤中的
DDT
要分解到原来施
用水平的
25%
,通常需要花四年的时
间。一些能放射出有害射线的放射性物质,如碘
-131
可衰变
为无害的污染物。其它可降解
的污染物,如核电厂产生的钚
-2
39
可维持在其有害水平上达数千万年。
< br>不可降解的污染物不能被自然过程所分解,
例如:
汞、<
/p>
铅及其化合物以及一些塑料均是不
可降解的污染物。
必须从根本上防止这些物质进入空气、
水和土壤,
或
者必须把它们彻底清
除出环境,使它们的含量低于有害的水平。
什么是水体污染
p>
水体污染有多种形式。它是水体被下列污染物所污染:城市污水和工业废水;
从农场和饲养场流失的化肥和粪肥;
充满泡沫的溪流
;由于暴雨、
耕作、
建筑和采矿而被冲
刷的土壤沉积物;
来自核电站的放射性排泄物;
电厂和工厂的热
水;
漂流在全球海洋中的塑
料小球;从服用避孕药的妇女的尿液
进入供水系统的女性荷尔蒙。
虽然科学家们已开发了高灵敏度的测量仪器,但测定水质仍然是十分困难的。水中有大
< br>量的能相互作用的化学物质,
其中大多数化学物质仅以微量存在。
目前已商品化的大约有三
万种化学物质,
并且每年大约
还要新增一千种化学物质。
这些化学物质中的大多数迟早要进
入
河流、湖泊和海洋。另外,不同的生物对各种污染物的耐受范围及阈值都不尽相同。
更有
甚者,
虽然一些污染物可在水中被稀释到无害的水平或被一些生
物或自然过程分解成无害的
形式,但一些其它的污染物(如
DD
T
、一些放射性物质和汞的化合物)会被生物富积在各
种生物体
中。
什么是空气污染
空气污染通常被定义为:空气中含有一种或多种化学物
质,并且其浓度高到足以伤害到
人类,动、植物或其它一些物质。
空气中的污染物可以分为两大类,
一类主要的污染物是直接
混入空气中并且其浓度达到有害
程度的化学物质。它既可以是空气的一种组成物,
如:超过正常含量的二氧化碳;
也可以是
空气
中不常见的物质,
如铅的化合物。
另一类污染物则是通过大气组
分间所发生的化学反应
而形成的有害化学物质。
我们常常将空气污染与烟囱和汽车联系在一起,但事实
上火山、森林火灾、沙暴、沼泽、
海洋和植物都会带来一些我们认为是大气污染物的化学
物质。
这些
“自然污染物”
通常都广<
/p>
泛分散在地球的各个角落,因而很难累积到有害的程度。
但是,一
旦它们累积了起来,
例如
火山爆发,这些污染物一般就只能通过
自然气候和化学循环来进行消除。
什么是噪音污染
p>
当更多的人生活得越来越接近,并且人们更多地使用机械来制造休闲时,人们发现他们
的休闲、甚至他们的工作时间已经被机械的副产物—噪音所损害。
控制噪音的技术难点常常来自于该问题的主、客观
两方面。你可以根据一个速度表上指
针的读数来定义一辆机动车的超速,
但是你可以用这种方法来定义噪音超标吗
?
你会发现
使
用任何已有的
“噪音表”
,
一些已被判断为发出同样大小噪音的车辆在表上可显示出相当大
的偏差。
虽然解决噪声的理想方法是在将其消灭在其起源
处,
但这在很多情况下是不可
能的。
另
一个措施就是在噪音传到耳朵前就将其吸收。
大多数的噪音问题可通过有效地降低
接收噪音处的声压水平来得到最好的解决。
餐厅里的轻音乐可以掩盖陶
器的碰撞声和邻桌的
交谈声。电话亭
里风扇的噪音可用来掩盖来自隔壁电话亭的话音干扰。
通常噪声问题的解决办法就是在其
声
源处或是在其传播途中降低其声压水平。
With the coming of the Industrial
Revolution the env
ironmental pollution
increased alarmingly. Pollution can be defined as
an undesirable change in th
e physical,
chemical, or biological characteristics of the
air, water, or land t
hat can harmfully
affect health, survival, or activities of humans
or other living organisms. There a
re
four major forms of pollution - waste on land,
water pollution (both the sea and inland waters),
pollution of the atmosphere and
pollution by noise.
Land can be
polluted by many materials. There are two major
types of pollutants: degradable a
nd
nondegradable. Examples of degradable pollutants
are DDT and radioactive materials. DDT
ca
n decompose slowly but eventually are
either broken down completely or reduced to
harmless leve
ls. For example, it
typically takes about 4 years for DDT in soil to
be decomposed to 25 percent of
the
original level applied. Some radioactive materials
that give off harmful radiation, such as
iodi
ne-131, decay to harmless
pollutants. Others, such as plutonium-239 produced
by nuclear power p
lants, remains at
harmful levels for thousands to hundreds of
thousands of years.
Nondegradable pollutants are not broken down by
natural processes. Examples of
nondegrada
ble pollutants are mercury,
lead and some of their compounds and some
plastics. Nondegradable p
ollutants must
be either prevented from entering the air, water,
and soil or kept below harmful leve
ls
by removal from the environment.
Water pollution is found in many forms. It is
contamination of water with city sewage and
fac
tory wastes; the runoff of
fertiliser and manure from farms and feed lots;
sudsy streams; sediment
washed from the
land as a result of storms, farming, construction
and mining; radioactive discharg
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