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完全倒装
完全倒装则指将谓语动词完全(全部)置于主语前。完全倒装一
般具有以下两个条件:
①
谓语动词是
单个
(
即不带情态动词、助动词或
be
)
的不及物动词
,且只限于一般现在时或
一般过去时。
②主语只能是名词。
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
Away went
the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
The door opened and in came
Mr Smith.
门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
注:若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装。如:
Away he went.
他跑远了。
表示地方,方位的副词和介词词
组,介词短语置于句首时,句子
主要分为以下几种类型:
要全部倒装,介词短语在倒装句
1.
there/here/then/now/next
等地点
副词和时间副词
+V.+
主语
中要整体前移,不能拆开。
2.
up/down/off/out/in/away
等表示运动方向的副词
+V.+
主语
3.
in the room,
on the wall + V+
主语
等介词短语
+V.+
主语
4.
such+
be.+
主语
用法说明与经典例句:
1.
在以
here , there
等表示地点的
here
型副词开头的句子里,
要用全部倒装以示强调。
在描述情景时,为了使景象更生动,有时把
here,
there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off,
< br>away
等方向性副词作为句子开头,句子用完全倒装。此时,
< br>
①子主语必须是名词;
②谓语动词通常是
be, come, go, run,
rush, fly, follow, fall
等表示位移的不及物动词,且为
p>
一般时态;
③
其中的
here,
there
不是表示地点,而是用以引起对方注意。如:
here comes the bus.
There is a hole in the wall.
Here are some advertisements about
cars.
这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。
2.
以表
示时间的副词
Now
,
then
引导的句子,谓语动词是
come,
begin,
end,
follow,
be
等表示位移或状态的词时,
句子要用全部倒装。
Then came the workers.
Now
is your turn.
注:如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。
Then he went.
3.
表示方位的副词
out, up, down, in,
away,
置于句首时,句子要完全倒装。
Out rushed the Children.
主语是人称代词不倒装。
Away he went.
4.
表示方位的介词短语置于句首时,句子要完全倒装。
In front of the school is
the hospital.
注:介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移,不能拆开。
5.
Such
引导的完全倒装句
这就是我的英语老师,
一个简单而负责的人。
Such
is my English teacher, a simple and responsible
woman.
这就是事实,无人可以否认
Such
are the facts, no one can deny them.
6.
状语或表语类
< br>为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓
语完全倒装,如:
Among these
people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By
the window sat a young man with a magazine in his
hand.
窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其
后的主语保持一致,而不
是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:
In the box was a cat.
箱子里是一只猫
In the
box were some cats.
箱子里是一些猫
7.
非谓语动词类
< br>有时为了强调,
可将谓语部分的现在分词、
过去分词或不
定式置于句首,
从而构成倒装。
如:
Standing beside the table was his wife.
站在桌旁的是她的妻子。
Buried in the sands was an ancient
village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
To be carefully considered are the
following
questions.
下列问题都要仔细考虑。
8.
直接引语放在句首引起的完全倒装
若
直接引语的部分或全部放在句首,并且说话人是名词时,将
say
或
ask
置于说话人前,构
成完全倒
装。如:
“
Are you
ready?
”
asked the
teacher.
“准备好了没有?”老师问道。
“
It is
unbelievable!
”
said Alfred
Butts.
阿尔弗雷德·布滋说,
“这真叫人难以置信!<
/p>
”
9.
在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如:
Long live the
People
’
s Republic of China.
中华人民共和国万岁!
May
you all be happy.
愿你们都快乐
注意:上述全部倒装结构中的主语必须是
名词
,
如果主语是
人称代词
则不能倒装,
如下:
Here you are.
给你。这是给某人某物的习惯用语
Here he comes.
他来了
Away they
went.
他们走开了
部分倒装
如果只把
助动词,情态动词或系动词
be
放在主语之前,这种语序称为部分倒装。
1.
句首为否定或半否定的词语或含有否定意义的副词位于句首时。
如
no
,
not,
never,
seldom,
little,
hardly,
scarcely,
at no time
决不,
by no means,
on
no
account,
in
no
case,
under
no
circumstances,
in
no
way,
many
a
time,
not
until
……
等
Hardly
could he believe his
own eyes.
Never
have I been
to this kind of restaurant.
Little
did I know about him
before.
Not
a mistake did I
make.
如下:
Never
have I seen such a performance.
从未见过如此糟糕的表演,
Nowhere will you find the answer to
this
question.
无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
后来我再也没见到过他了。
I
never saw him again.
→
Never did I see
him again.
他很少出去吃饭。
He seldom goes out for
dinner.
→
Seldom
does he go out for dinner.
她几乎没时间听音乐。
She hardly has time to listen to music.
→
Hardly does she have time
to listen to music.
他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。
He
little realized the danger he faced.
→
Little did he realize the
danger he faced
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