-
In 2016 County Economic w
orkshop
S
hang
of spe
ech
comra
de are: this county
economi
c work
shop of main
ta
sk is, full im
plement
impl
ementation Ce
ntral, and
provi
nci
al, and
muni
cipal economic work
shop
a
nd
province party main
leaders semi
nar spirit
,
recalle
d summary results,
a
nalysi
s judge situation,
arrangements
de
ployment
new
a
nnual focus w
ork task,
mobilization County upper a
nd
l
ower further gra
sp new
normal, impleme
ntation
new
conce
pt, temper
new style,
show
ne
w as, str
uggled to
a
dvance County economic social
tra
nsformation upgra
de
science
development.
Foll
owi
ng
, told
four a a
spe
cts of
probl
em: a, and full
certainly results, effective firm
transformation upgrade of confi
dence
and determi
nation 2015, face
macr
oeconomic dow
n pressure
conti
nue
d
increase
d of severe
situati
on a
nd
difficult heavy
of reform
development task,
County upper
a
nd l
ower tight at
Central and pr
ovinces
seri
es major
decision
de
ployme
nt, firmly grasp
stability in the seeki
ng into
t
otal tone
,
active
adapted
economi
c
devel
opme
nt new
normal, focused focus fiel
d,
full work
storming,
County
economic soci
al
devel
opme
nt rendering out
contrarian t
o good, a
nd
sta
bility in t
he
ha
s into, a
nd more
poi
nts
breakt
hrough, a
nd
Overall a good trend. One is
closely linked t
o the
transformation a
nd
upgradi
ng of the global,
compre
he
nsive
e
conomic
power
significa
ntly.
A
ccurately gauge the ma
cro
sit
uation and based on real
compre
hensive pla
n, strongly
pr
omote the sustai
ned
a
nd
healthy development of
economy and
society.
Proje
ct support
ca
pacity
i
ncrea
sed
sig
nifica
ntly.
A
dhere t
o the
inside
and
out
side
simultane
ously,
buil
d,
impl
ementation of nati
onal
a
nd
provincial
inve
stment of 625 milli
on
Yuan, for State one or tw
o,
three
, four or five specifi
c
bond f
unds and local
repla
ceme
nt bond funds of
554 milli
on Yuan, for the starting year
of key constr
ucti
on
pr
oje
cts ha
s laid
a soli
d foundati
on. In
particular the
national
circular e
conomy demonstration
countie
s and .two
State
-level pi
lot
pr
oject
of
ecol
ogical
demonstration County
proje
ct platforms
settled i
n
jing
chuan, Z
hu Jia
Jia
n constr
ucti
on
of the reserv
oir bega
n,
ha
ndi
cap
reservoir
s, Li
u Lihe
re
servoir
preparat4i
on w
ork
goe
s well, take
soli
d steps for
comprehensive
utilizati
on
of water resource
s; city gas
station to speed
up
implementat
ion of the
pr
oject,
I be
came
the
County's first We
st-East
gas
pipeline
proje
ct in t
he
surrounding area
benefit from the
Count
y, major
projects
supporte
d
increase
d
sig
nificantl
y. Overall
well-off soci
ety constantly
consolidate 254the
basi
s.
Battle
victory i
ndustrial
development as t
he
primary task of
the
well
-off, fruit producti
on
suita
ble for full
coverage of the target will be
realize
d, vegetabl
e industry
development area
exte
ndi
ng, farming
aqua
culture
changes
t
he mome
ntum of the
show
,
se +
base + farmers
hey
gradua
lly introduced
mea
sures
significa
ntly
strengt
hen standar
dized
ma
nagement, i
ndustry
constantly consoli
date the
basis and
enri
chi
ng. Investment
attraction results
conti
nue
t
o expand. Adhere to t
he
soft envir
onme
nt of
excellence a
nd impr
ove the
e
nvironme
nt are
equally
平面构成习题库及答案
1
、
2
、
3
、
4
、
5
、
6
、
7
、
8
、
9
、
10
、
11
、
12
、
13
、
14
、
15
、
16
、
什么是平面构成？平面构成的任务和研究对象是什么？
平面构成的应用范围在哪些方面？学习平面构成有何意义？
平面构成的造型要素有哪些？简述各自的特点。
什么是基本形？基本形产生的方法有哪些？
什么是骨格？骨格有哪几种类型？
平面构成的形式要素有哪些？
什么是群化构成？群化构成的原则和要求是什么？
群化构成有哪些方法？试举例说明群化构成在实际中的应用。
什么是重复构成？它有什么特点？重复构成有哪些类型？
什么是近似构成？它有什么特点？近似构成有哪些类型？
渐变构成的概念和特点是什么？渐变构成有哪些形式？
发射构成的概念和特点是什么？发射构成的形式有哪些
什么是对比构成？其构成形式有哪些？
简述特异构成的概念。特异构成的表现形式有哪几种？
密集构成的概念、特点是什么？密集有哪些形式？
什么是肌理？肌理可分为哪两类？常见的肌理的表现形式有哪些？
习题答案
１、
平面构成：是将点、线、面等视
觉语言元素（包含具象形态和抽象形态）
，在二维
平面内按照一
定的构成美学原理对它们进行合理的分解、
组合、重构、变化，
创造出新的形
态，理想的组合方式，以及新的视觉形象，培养设计者的创新思维能力。<
/p>
平面构成任务：
平面构成是为平面设计
进行创造形象的基本练习，
它是设计家从事设计之前，
首先要掌
握和运用视觉语言的一种基本功，
通过构成艺术的学习，
可为我
们提供更丰富的思
维技巧，开阔视野，使头脑更加灵活多变，开发智能，发挥创造能力，
从而为设计创造出更
宽的新路。
2<
/p>
、研究对象：主要是在平面设计中，如何创造形象，怎样处理形象与形象之间的联系，如<
/p>
In 2016 County Economic
w
orkshop S
hang
of
spe
ech comra
de are: this
county economi
c work
shop of
main ta
sk is, full im
plement
impl
ementation Ce
ntral, and
provi
nci
al, and
muni
cipal economic work
shop
a
nd
province party main
leaders semi
nar spirit
,
recalle
d sum
mary results,
a
nalysi
s judge situation,
arrangements
de
ployment
new
a
nnual focus w
ork task,
mobilization County upper a
nd
l
ower further gra
sp new
normal, impleme
ntation
new
conce
pt, temper
new style,
show
ne
w as, str
uggled to
a
dvance County economic social
tra
nsformation upgra
de
science
development.
Foll
owi
ng
, told
four a a
spe
cts of
probl
em: a, and full
certainly results, effective firm
transformation upgrade of confi
dence
and determi
nation 2015, face
macr
oeconomic dow
n pressure
conti
nue
d
increase
d of severe
situati
on a
nd
difficult heavy
of reform
development task,
County upper
a
nd l
ower tight at
Central and pr
ovinces
seri
es major
decision
de
ployme
nt, firmly grasp
stability in the seeki
ng into
t
otal tone
,
active
adapted
economi
c
devel
opme
nt new
normal, focused focus fiel
d,
full work
storming,
County
economic soci
al
devel
opme
nt rendering out
contrarian t
o good, a
nd
sta
bility in t
he
ha
s into, a
nd more
poi
nts
breakt
hrough, a
nd
Overall a good trend. One is
closely linked t
o the
transformation a
nd upgradi
ng
of the global,
compre
he
nsive
e
conomic
power
significa
ntly.
A
ccurately gauge the ma
cro
sit
uation and based on real
compre
hensive pla
n, strongly
pr
omote the sustai
ned
a
nd
healthy development of
economy and
society.
Proje
ct support
ca
pacity
i
ncrea
sed
sig
nifica
ntly.
A
dhere t
o the
inside
and
out
side
simultane
ously,
buil
d,
impl
ementation of nati
onal
a
nd
provincial
inve
stment of 625 milli
on
Yuan, for State one or tw
o,
three
, four or five specifi
c
bond f
unds and local
repla
ceme
nt bond funds of
554 milli
on Yuan, for the starting year
of key constr
ucti
on
pr
oje
cts ha
s laid
a soli
d foundati
on. In
particular the
national
circular e
conomy demonstration
countie
s and .two
State
-level pi
lot
pr
oject
of
ecol
ogical
demonstration County
proje
ct platforms
settled i
n
jing
chuan, Z
hu Jia
Jia
n constr
ucti
on
of the reserv
oir bega
n,
ha
ndi
cap
reservoir
s, Li
u Lihe
re
servoir
preparat4i
on w
ork
goe
s well, take
soli
d steps for
comprehensive
utilizati
on
of water resource
s; city gas
station to speed
up
implementat
ion of the
pr
oject,
I be
came
the
County's first We
st-East
gas
pipeline
proje
ct in t
he
surrounding area
benefit from the
Count
y, major
projects
supporte
d
increase
d
sig
nificantl
y. Overall
well-off soci
ety constantly
consolidate 254the
basi
s.
Battle
victory i
ndustrial
development as t
he
primary task of
the
well
-off, fruit producti
on
suita
ble for full
coverage of the target will be
realize
d, vegetabl
e industry
development area
exte
ndi
ng, farming
aqua
culture
changes
t
he mome
ntum of the
show
,
se +
base + farmers
hey
gradua
lly introduced
mea
sures
significa
ntly
strengt
hen standar
dized
ma
nagement, i
ndustry
constantly consoli
date the
basis and
enri
chi
ng. Investment
attraction results
conti
nue
t
o expand. Adhere to t
he
soft envir
onme
nt of
excellence a
nd impr
ove the
e
nvironme
nt are equally
何掌握美的形式规律，
并按照美的形式法则，
构成
设计所需要的图形。
应用领域：
环境设计、
视觉传达设计、平面设计等
３、点、线、面是平面构成最
基本的造型要素（形象单位）
。点是造型要素中最小、最简洁
的
形态，能创造出丰富的新形态，具有简洁、生动、有趣的特点。点具有相对性特征。当点
大到一定程度时会转移成面；
线是最有力的造型手段，
直线表现
出一种力的美，
类似男性的
阳刚品格：果断、明确、理性、坚定
、具有简单明了、直率的性格。曲线是女性化的象征，
具有丰满、感性、轻快、优雅、流
动、柔和的感情性格，节奏感强；面是构成各种可视形态
的最基本的形。平面上的形，大
致可以分为四类，即几何形、有机形、偶然形和不规则形。
4
、基本形是指构成图形的基本元素单位，是构成一个重复式彼此关联的复合形象的单位。
一个点，一条线或一个面都可以成为一个基本形。
基本形产生的方法：
1
）．分离—面与面之间保持一定距离而不相触。
（图
1
）
2
）．相遇—也称相切，形象与形象之间，其边缘线恰好相接。
（图
2
）
3<
/p>
）
．
覆叠
--<
/p>
就是一个或一些形象覆盖于另一个或另一些形象之上，
产生或上或
下或
前或后的空间关系。
（图
3
）
4<
/p>
）
．
透叠—面与面相互交错重叠，
透叠不会掩盖各形象的轮廓，
而且有透明的效果。
重叠处出现了新的形象，从而使形象变得丰富多变，富有秩序感。（图
4
）
5
）<
/p>
．相融—也叫联合，
形象组合相遇后形成一个新的较大的形象，<
/p>
联合的形象常处
于同一平面层次上，它会使空间中的形象变的整体
而含糊。
（图
5
）
6<
/p>
）
．减缺
--
一
个形象的某一部分经组合后被另一个形象所覆盖，两形相减，保留了
覆盖在上面的新形象
，又出现了被覆后的另一个形象留下的残余形象。（图
6
）
7
）．差叠
--
是指两个形象互相叠置后所得到的减缺部分的形象。
（图
7
）
<
/p>
8
）．重合
--
相同的形象完全重合为一体。其造成的形象特殊表现，使其在形象构成上
已不具有意义。
5
、所谓骨格，就是按照一定的方式
将基本形组合起来的编排方式。它可以是有形的，也可
以是无形的。骨格的作用有两种，
一是固定基本形的位置；二是分割画面的空间。
骨格分规
律性骨
格、非规律性骨格、有作用性骨格和无作用性骨格。
6
、平面构成的形式有：重复构成、近似构成、渐变构成、发射构成、对比构成、特异构成、
密集构成、变异构成、肌理构成等形式。
7
、群化是基本形重复构成的一种特殊表现形式，是根据设计的主题，充分利用基本形的
独
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