应用化学专业英语复习资料

c

t

生

成

物

concentration

浓

度

rate equation

速率方程

< br>c

o

n

s

t

a

n

t

常

数

e

t

h

e

r

醚

endothermic

吸热的

substrate

反应底物

1

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

mechanism

机

理

reagen

试

剂

alkene

烯

烃

exothermic

放热的

A

n

i

o

n

阴

离

子

n

i

t

r

o

g

e

n

氮

气

Hydrocarbon

碳氢化合物

carbonhydrate

碳水化合物

Alkane

烷

烃

substituent

取代基

Isomerism

同分异构现象

isomer

同分异构

V

i

n

y

l

乙

烯

基

d

e

r

i

v

a

t

i

v

e

s

衍

生

物

acid halides

酰

卤

acid anhydrides

酸酐

e

s< /p>

t

e

r

s

酯

a

m

i

d

e

酰

胺

ammonia NH3 Acetic anhydride

乙酸酐

phenol

芬

acid

—

base titration

酸碱滴定

precipitation

沉淀

analyses

化学分析员

IR

红外

UV

紫外

MS

质谱

GC

色相色谱

HPLC

高效液相色谱

TLC

薄层色谱

X

—

rayX

射线衍射

二

选词填空

1

、

We can now easily

account for

many things, which

were thought to be mysterious by the ancients

2

、

the acid

acts on

the metal and a gas is given

off.

3

、

you should

adapt

yourself

to

new ways of looking

at matters

4

、

electrolytes have more pronounced

effect on

colligative properties than do nonelectrolytes.

5

、

if water in these lakes evaporated at the same

rate as fresh water ,both would nearly

dry up

in a matter of year.

6

、

both laks evaporated very slow

compared with

a

2

fresh lake or even the ocean.

7

、

a property that

depends

only

on

the relative

amounts of solute and solvent is know as a

colligative property.

8

、

for example ,both NaCl (ionic) and HCl

（

polar

covalent

）

are classified as

electrolytes because

they form ions in aqueous solution.

9

、

when compounds

such as

NaCl and HCl are dissolved

in water ,the effect is obvious.

10

、

if the wires is cut ,the light

goes out

because

the circuit is broken.

11

、

when wires are

attached to

a charged battery and

then to a light bulb ,the light shines

brightly.

12

、

glass and wood

as well as

pure water are

examples or nonconductors of electricity.

13

、

other substances resist the flow of electricity

and

are known as

nonconductors or insulators.

14

、

it has long been known that

the presence of

a

solute in water may affect its ability to

conduct electricity.

15

、

when the collection of papers was first

brought

out

,it was well received by the reviewers.

16

、

in the same way

the dozen or so

most common

kinds of kinds of atoms can be put together in

many millions of different

ways to make molecules

.

17

、

elements

are made up of

tiny fundamental

particles called atoms. Fundamental, as it is used

here ,means that they cannot

be further divided

by any chemical metheods.

18

、

each element has atoms that

is different from

the atoms of other elements.

19

、

it would not be quite round;

on the contrary

it

would consist of three parts represented by

spheres.

20

、

it is not to be

summed up

in a single product

or word ,but in an idea or basic concept.

21

、

the chemical symbol of an element may

stand

the

3

element

for

.

22

、

the rate of a chemical reaction is influenced

by several factors

such as

temperature ,

concentration of reagents , particle

size ,light ,and catalyst.

23

、

all forms of life in earth

are

very

dependent

on

chemical reactions or chemical changes.

24

、

a chemical reaction occurs when elements and

compounds react together to produce different

compounds , or when compounds

break down into

simpler compounds or elements.

三无机物的命名

H Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium

K Potassium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium

Mn manganese Cu copper Zn zinc

Fe iron Hg mercury Ag silver

Au gold C Carbon Si Silicon

Pb Lead Al Aluminium F Fluorine

Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine

O Oxygen S Sulfur N Nitrogen

P Phosphorus

1.

直呼其名，即读其元素名称

+ ion

如：

Na+ sodium ion

K+ potassium ion

2.

对于有变价的金属元素，除了可 用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗

马数字来表示金属的氧化态，

或 用后缀

-ous

表示低价，

-ic

表示

4

高价

如：

Cu+ copper (

Ⅰ

) ion

或

cuprous ion

Cu2+ copper (

Ⅱ

) ion

或

cupric ion

Fe2+ iron (

Ⅱ

) ion

或

ferrous ion

Fe3+ iron (

Ⅲ

) ion

或

ferric ion

3.

含氢酸根：酸根中的Ｈ读做

hydrogen

，氢原子的个数用希腊前缀

表示：

mono-

di -

tri-

tetra -

penta-

hexa-

hepta-

octa- nona- deca-

举例：

CO

3

2-

carbonate ion

HCO

3

-

hydrogen carbonate ion

PO

4

3-

phosphate ion

HPO

4

2

hydrogencarbonate ion

H

2

PO

4

-

dihydrogenphosphate ion

4.

结晶水读做

hydrate

，

结晶水的个数用希腊前缀表示：

mono-

di

-

tri-

tetra -

penta-

hexa-

hepta-

octa-

nona- deca-

CuSO4

·

5H2O copper(

Ⅱ

) sulfate pentahydrate

AlCl3

·

6H2O aluminum chloride hexahydrate

5.

测试

Mg(OH)

2

magnesium hydroxide AlCl

3

aluminum chloride

FeBr

2

iron(II) bromide CaSO

4

calcium sulfate

5