loving and hating New York习题全解

Ⅰ

.

1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 -- 1975 ), American landscape

architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law

Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape

architect for the Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898--1920; Baltimore Park

and Park Commission, 1902--1917; member of the National Capital Park and

Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting capacity

for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of many towns

and cities and numerous instiutions, land subdivisions, and private properties. Among

his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Ana-costia Parks, the

Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous articles and reports on

professional subjects.

2. Bach. John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German composer and organist, one of

the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought poly-

phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous works in

almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family, Bach was

devoted to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later by his brother

Johann cristoph. His education was acquired largely through independent studies.

Since few of Bach's many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates cannot

be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with some certainty in the periods of

his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ compositions that

culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the Passacaglia and Fugue in C

Mi-nor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard

works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; and Book I of the

celebrated 7

violin Sonatas and cellosuites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognised as the best

concertigrossiever composed. As musical director of St Thomas atLeipzig, he

composed many of his superb religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the

St. ]~lat hew Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this period were Book

Ⅱ

of The Well- Tempered Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavier

Cibung, which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~ the Italian Concerto and the

Partita in B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg Variations.

The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonising number

of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous

pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony,

displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great,

striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a

composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th

century his genius came to be recognized, particularly by romantic composers such as

Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily.

Ⅱ

.

1. N0, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on Puget

Sound. See paragragh 4.

2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in the United

States.

3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the is no longer a

paeesetter.

4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music

and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to New

Orlcans, San Francisco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many beter

cities to live in than New York.

5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its

cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien mixtures.

Perhaps some of these are reassured by the international names of jewelers, shoe

stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the city's charged,

nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.

6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could practice

the kind of journalism he wanted in that city.

7. The young people go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in to

the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the

company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting

atmosphere of smaller cities.

8. New York is still the banking and communications head- quarters for America.

The networks' news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines, the ad

agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the music, the

books that others have created.

9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these groups lie close

to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives the city its

sense of freedom.

10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New York

because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitany of urban life. What he finds

attractive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing

competitiveness the rigor of its judgements; and the congested, democratic presence

of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds.

11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolits because here one finds a

much wider mixture of nationalities Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of

Europeans.

Ⅲ

.

article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated by

the title

the last paragraph: “Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating

moods, often in the same day.

2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description of

New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See the

answer to 4.)

3. This article is full of American English terms, phrases and constructions. Such as

T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-account, etc.

4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails to

see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York and

feels exhilarated living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this feeling is

never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New York with the

words such as energy, contention striving, etc.

5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, set- ting forth the present

status of New York city in the Unit- ed States and in the eyes of foreigners. The last

sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the

York city itself:

line of paragraph 5 leads to the

paragraph 6.

6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence.

much qualified in New York.

paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence.

7. In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated

and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable. 8. Free.

Student’s choice.

Ⅳ

.

1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American

people.

2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles,

fashion)of America.

3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny

Carson now replace the scheduled radio

and TV programs for California.

4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.

5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety

(because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).

6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.

7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and

haughtily to darken the night sky.

8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be

exaggerated.

9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York

starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things

created by people in other parts of the country.

10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by

extravagant promotional advertising.

11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also

writing articles for popular magazines.

12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the

surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.

13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply

that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.

14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden

away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.

15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also

invigorates and stimulates.

Ⅴ

. See the translation of the text.

Ⅵ

.

1. holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out; hold out= continue resistance;

stand firm; not yield

2. live: transmitted during the actual performance

3. charged : tense intense

4. put-down: (American slang) a belittling remark or crushing retort

5. foothold: a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged

6. measure up: (Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified

7. jingle: a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement of words or syllables

8. expense-account. (Americanism) an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an

employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer

9. illustration= a picture, design, diagram, etc. used to decorate or explain

something

10. commercial: (radio and TV) a paid advertisement

11. distancing: be reserved or cool toward; treat aloofly

12. democratic: treating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish

13, jealous : very watchful or careful in guarding or keeping

14. high-rise: (Americanism) designating or of a tall apartment house, office buil

ding, etc., of many stories /(noun) a high-rise building

15. mean: poor in appearance; shabby.

Ⅶ

.

1. skyline: noun+ noun=noun Examples: bookcase; teacup; skyrocket; sealskin; sea

port pigsty

2. pacesetter : noun + verb + er = noun Examples : shareholder leaseholder

pathfinder ; painstaker watchmaker

3. trash-strewn : noun + past participle = adjective Examples: homespun;

bloodstained; landlocked; henpecked homemade

4. international: a combining form+ adjective=adjective Examples: inter American;

interchangeable; interdepartmental interplanetary intersectional

5. anti-septically : prefix 4-adverb = adverb Examples : preemptively; preeminently;

predominantly; prefiguratively prehistorically

6. juxtaposition: a combining form+ noun=noun Examples: photochemistry;

photocopy; phonograph; telephone television

7. NBC: composed of initials N+B+C from National Broadcasting Company

Examples: BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation; NCO -- noncommissioned

officer; UN -- United Nations; MIA -- missing in action; PFLI -- Peking Foreign

Languages Institute

8. Wasp: an acronym from white Anglo-Saxon protestant Examples: Awacs --

airborne warning and control system (a sophisticated surveillance plane); UFO --

unidentified flying object; Nato -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Asean --

Association of South-east Asian Nations; Anzac -- (a soldier in the) Australian and

New Zealand Army Corps

9

．

ad< /p>

：

a shortening of “advertisement” Examples

：

aut o(automobile)

；

kilo(kilogram)

；

exam(examination)

；

gent(gentleman)

；

pram(perambulator)

1 0

．

Cabana

：

a loan word from Spanish Examples

：

blitz (German)

；

judo

(Japanese)

；

discontheque (French)

；

kolkhoz (Russian)

；

solo (Italian)

11

．

sitcom

：

a blend word from “sit(uation)+corn(edy)” Examples

：< /p>

smog

—

sm(oke)+(f)og

；

smaze

—

sm (oke)+(h)aze

；

brunch

br(eakfast)+(1)unch

；< /p>

moped…mo(tor)+ped(a1)

；

motel-mo(tor)+ (ho)tel

12

．

Bu ick

：

a trade name for a car Examples

：

Omega(a watch)

；

Kodak(a camera)

：

Boeing(an airplane)

；

Fiat(a car)

；

Biro(a ball point pen)

Ⅷ

.

指带着极大的信心，但却没有经客观 证实的一种明确的陈述。如：

He

asserted that man’s nat

ure would never change

．

declare

指公开地或者正式地断言，

通常是针对反面而言。如：

They declared their independence

．

affirm

指在一个人

的陈述中隐含着一种极深的说服力，

而且不可能为他人所否定。

如：

I cannot a

．

所

Fill that he was there

．

e

隐含着一种结构上的精密，以致于 很容易打碎。如

a fragile china

teacu p

。

brittle

隐含着一种僵硬性 、无弹性，以致于在重压和打击之下很容易破

碎。如：

The bones of the body become brittle with age

．

隐含着一种多种事物相

}

昆合，

以致于在其形成的新事物中，

不管单个的

元素组成部分能否互相区别开来，它们都协调地结合在一起。如

to mix paints

。

mingle

通常隐含着在这种结合中，

各个单个的元素组成部分能互相区别开来。

< br>如

mingled feelings of joy and sorrow< /p>

。

merge

强调在这种结合过程中单个 元素组成部

分的差别消失，或者指一种事物完全为另一事物所吸收。如：

The companies

merged to form a large corporation

．

4

．

common

用来形容在一个组织或者在一个机构等单位中，为所有 的人或者

大多数人所能共享的、或者是人们经常碰见的事物，而且还隐含着一种通常性、

广泛性，

或者一种贬义，

一

种劣质性。

如

a common belief

，

a common car

。

general

隐含着一个类别、

一个种类、

一个组织中的所有的或者大多数的事物的相互连接，

强调一种广泛性。如

general unrest among the people

。

popular

隐含着在通常公众

的场合或者在人民大众之中的一种广泛流行的时尚，为人所接受和喜 爱。如

a

popular song

。

Ⅸ．

Formal

Informal

1

．

pathetic

pitiful