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Loving and Hating New York
练习题
答案
/answer
Ⅰ
.
1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
( 1870 -- 1975 ), American
landscape
architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied
under his father,
Fredcrick Law
Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect
in 1895. He
was landscape architect for
the Metropolitan Park System of Boston,
1898--1920; Baltimore Park and Park
Commission, 1902--1917; member of
the
National Capital Park and Planning Commission in
1929, and again from
1945. He acted in
consulting capacity for and designed portions of
the parks or
other public improvements
of many towns and cities and numerous instiutions,
land subdivisions, and private
properties. Among his designs in Washington
D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Ana-
costia Parks, the Mall, and the White
House grounds. He wrote numerous
articles and reports on professional
subjects.
2.
Bach. John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German
composer and organist,
one of the
greatest and most influential composers of the
Western World. He
brought poly- phonic
baroque music to its culmination, creating
masterful and
vigorous works in almost
every musical form known in his period. Born into
a
gifted family, Bach was devoted to
music from childhood; he was taught by his
father and later by his brother Johann
cristoph. His education was acquired
largely through independent studies.
Since few of Bach's many
works were published in his lifetime, exact dates
cannot be fixed for all of them, but
most can be placed with some certainty in
the periods of his life. At Arnstadt
and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ
compositions that culminated in the
great works of the Weimar period; the
Passacaglia and Fugue in C Mi-nor. At
Cothen he concentrated on
instrumental
compositions, especially keyboard works: the
Chromatic Fantasy
and Fugue; the
English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated
7
Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also wrote
several un- accompainied violin
Sonatas
and cellosuites, and the Brandenburg Concertos,
recognised as the
best
concertigrossiever composed. As musical director
of St Thomas atLeipzig,
he composed
many of his superb religious compositions, the
Christmas
Oratorio, the St. ]~lat hew
Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this
period were Book
Ⅱ
of The Well-
Tempered Clavier and the four books of
clavier pieces in the Clavier Cibung,
which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~
the Italian Concerto and the Partita in
B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg
Variations.
The bulk of his work is religious. In
addition, he composed an astonising
number of instrumental works, many of
them designed for the instruction of his
numerous pupils. In his instrumental
and choral works he perfected the art of
polyphony, displaying an unmatched
combination of inventiveness and control
in his great, striding fugues. During
his lifetime, Bach was better known as an
organist than as a composer. For
decades after his death his works were
neglected, but in the 19th century his
genius came to be recognized,
particularly by romantic composers such
as Mendelssohn and Schumann.
Since that
time his reputation has grown steadily.
Ⅱ
.
1. N0, his hometown is Seattle, a
seaport in west central Washington State
on Puget Sound. See paragragh 4.
2. These signs show that
New York is no longer the leading city in the
United
States.
3. New York no longer begets the styles
and sets the is no longer a
paeesetter.
4.
Other cities have buildings more inspired
architecturally. The center of
music
and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a
tourist attraction it is
inferior to
New Orlcans, San Francisco, Washington or
Disneyland. Finally,
there are many
beter cities to live in than New York.
5. The Europeans call New
York their favorite city because they like its
cosmopolitan complexities, its
surviving European standards and its alien
mixtures. Perhaps some of these are
reassured by the international names of
jewelers, shoe stores and designer
shops. But what most excites Europeans is
the city's charged, nervous atmosphere,
its vulgar dynamism.
6.
Tim writer went to New York because he likes to
live there and he could
practice the
kind of journalism he wanted in that city.
7. The young people go to
New York to test themselves and to avoid giving
in to the most banal and marketable of
their talents. In New York they also find
the company of many other young people
similarly fleeing from the constricting
atmosphere of smaller cities.
8. New York is still the
banking and communications head- quarters for
America. The networks' news centres,
the largest book publishers, the biggest
magazines, the ad agencies are all
here, appraising and ratifying the films, the
plays, the music, the books that others
have created.
9. Newcomers
can find or form their little groups and, though
these groups
lie close to each other,
there is no contact or intercourse between groups.
This
gives the city its sense of
freedom.
10. Despite all
the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers
to live in New
York because he prefers
the unhealthy hassle and vitany of urban life.
What he
finds attractive about New York
is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing
competitiveness the rigor of its
judgements; and the congested, democratic
presence of so many other New Yorkers,
encased in their own worlds.
11. It is in fact the first truly
international metropolits because here one finds
a much wider mixture of nationalities
Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties
of Europeans.
Ⅲ
.
article is a piece of expository writing. The main
theme or thesis is
stated by the title
first sentence of the last paragraph:
“Loving and hating New York becomes a
matter of alternating moods, often in
the same day.
2. Griffith
develops his main thesis by both objective and
emotional
description of New York and
the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very
effective. (See the answer to 4.)
3. This article is full of
American English terms, phrases and constructions.
Such as T-shirt, hassle, plush,
holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up,
expense-account, etc.
4. The writer states that he both loves
and hates New York, but the reader
fails to see where or why he hates New
York. It is clear that Griffith loves New
York and feels exhilarated living
there. He may sometimes feel exasperated
but this feeling is never strong enough
to turn to hate. The writer shows his
love for New York with the words such
as energy, contention striving, etc.
5. The first five paragraphs act as a
general introduction, set- ting forth the
present status of New York city in the
Unit- ed States and in the eyes of
foreigners. The last sentence of
paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the
atmosphere, its vulgar
dynamism
6. The
topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first
sentence.
pleasures are much qualified
in New York.
develop this paragraph and
to back up the statement made in the topic
sentence.
7. In
New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to
appraise things is
appreciated and paid
for, and skill and learning by themselves are not
considered valuable. 8. Free. Student’s
ch
oice.
Ⅳ
.
1.
Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the
taste of the
American people.
2. New York boasts that it
is a city that resists the prevailing trends
(styles,
fashion)of America.
3. Situation comedies made
in Hollywood and the actual performance of
Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled
radio
and TV programs for California.
4. New York is regaining
somewhat its status as a city that attracts
tourists.
5. A person who
wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear
and
anxiety (because he is afraid of
losing what he has won in the fierce
competition).
6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of
nature is very limited.
7.
At night the city of New York is aglow with lights
and seems proudly and
haughtily to
darken the night sky.
8.
But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian
life style can be
exaggerated.
9. In both these roles of
banking and communications head- quarters, New
York starts or originates very few
things but gives its stamp of approval to
many things created by people in other
parts of the country.
10.
The television generation was constantly and
strongly influenced by
extravagant
promotional advertising.
11. Authors writing long serious novels
earn their living in the meantime by
also writing articles for popular
magazines.
12. Broadway,
which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy
shows put
on in the surrounding areas,
is once again busy and active.
13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the
vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will
reply that) he prefers the unhealthy
turmoil and animated life of a city.
14. Those who failed in the struggle of
life, the down-and-outs, are not
hidden
away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't
see them.
15. New York
constantly irritates and annoys very much but at
times it also
invigorates and
stimulates.
Ⅴ
.
See the translation of the text.
Ⅵ
.
1.
holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out;
hold out= continue
resistance; stand
firm; not yield
2. live:
transmitted during the actual performance
3. charged : tense
intense
4. put-down:
(American slang) a belittling remark or crushing
retort
5. foothold: a
secure position from which it is difficult to be
dislodged
6. measure up:
(Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified
7. jingle: a verse that
jingles; jingling arrangement of words or
syllables
8. expense-
account. (Americanism) an arrangement whereby
certain
expenses of an employee in
connection with his work are paid for by his