Intercoms 2010中英对照

（捷克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向 对

11

条规则的表述给予帮助的

Ask o Raty

（芬兰）致谢。

INTRODUCTION

The

Incoterms?

rules

explain

a

set

of

three-letter

trade

terms

reflecting

business-to- business

practice in contracts for the sale of goods. The Incoterms? rules describe mainly the tasks, costs

and risks involved in the delivery of goods from sellers to buyers.

How to use the Incoterms? 2010 rules

1. Incorporate the Incoterms? 2010 rules into your contract of sale

If you want the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the

contract, through such words as, ―[the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place ,followed

by] Incoterms? 2010‖.

2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule

The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the goods, to the means of their transport,

and above all to whether the parties intend to put additional obligations,

介绍

< /p>

Incoterms?

規則規定了一系列在貨物

< br>銷售商業

合同實踐中

使用的三

字 母系列

貿易術語

Incoterms?

规则主要描述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和风险的划分。

如何适用

Incoterms?2010

规则

1.

把

Incoterms?2010

规则应用到销售合同中

如果要使合同适用

Incoterm s

规则

2010

，应在合同中明确表明 ，例如：所選擇的

Incoterms

規則（含指定地點）適用

Incoerms?

規則

2010

。

2.

选择适宜的

Incoterms

所選的

Incoterms

规则需要与货物，采取的 运输方式相适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲

添加额外的义务，

for example such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the buyer.

The Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is particularly helpful when

making

this

choice.

Whichever

Incoterms

rule

is

chosen,

the

parties

should

be

aware

the

interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place

being used.

3. Specify your place or port as precisely as possible

The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if

the parties specify the place or port as precisely as possible.

A

good example of such precision would be:

：

―FCA

38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms 2010‖.

Under

the

Incoterms

rule

Ex

Works(EXW),

Free

Carrier(FCA),

Delivered

at

Terminal(DA

T),

Delivered at Place(DAP), Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),

例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买 方或卖方。

每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出

如此的决 定非常有帮助。不论选用何种

Incoterms

规则，双方应 该意识到对合同的解释会受

到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。

3.

尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港 口名称

只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，

所选术语才能发挥作用。

地点或港口名称

越精准，

Inconterms

规则越有效。以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子：

Incoterms 2010

，

FC A

规则，法国，巴黎，

38 Cours Albert 1er

在

Incoterms

规则下：

EXW

工厂交货（

……

指定地点）

FCA

货交承运人

< br>(……

指定地点

)‖

DA

T

终点站交货

< br>(……

指定目的地

)

DAP

地点交货

(……

指定目的地

)

DDP

完税后交货

(……

)

Free Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB),the named place is the place where delivery

takes place and where risk passes from the seller to the buyer.

Under the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and

Freight(CFR)

and

Cost

,Insurance

and

Freight(CIF),the

named

place

differs

from

the

place

of

delivery. Under these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of

destination to which

carriage is paid.

Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be further specified by stating a precise point in

that place or destination in order to avoid doubt or argument.

4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a complete contract of sale

Incoterms rules

do say which

party to

the sale

contract

has

the

obligation

to

make

carriage

or

insurance

arrangements, when

the

seller

delivers

the

goods

to

the

buyer,

and which costs

each

party is responsible for.

FAS

船边交货

(……

指定装运港

)

FOB

船上交货

(……

指定装运港

)

此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买方

Incoterms

规则下

CPT

运费付至（

……

指定目的地）

CIP

运 费、保险费付至

(…

指定目的地

)

CFR

成本加运费

(……

)

CIF

成本、保险费

加运费

(

指定目的港

)

所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这些

Incoterms

规则下，所指地点为运费付至地。

为了避免疑问和 争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的地点。

4..

谨 记

Incoterms

规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的销售 合同

I ncoterm

规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义务，

当 卖方将货物运至买方时，

办理运输

和保险义务的承担。

Incoterms

rules,

however,

say

nothing

about the

price

to

be

paid

or the

method

of

its

payment.

Neither do they deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the consequences of a breac

h

of contract. These matters are normally dealt with through express terms in the contract of sale or

in

the

law

governing

that

contract.

The

parties

should

be

aware

that

mandatory

local

law

may

override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms rules.

Main features of the Incoterm?2010 rules

1. Two new Incoterms rules

—

DA

T

and DAP

—

have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and DDU

The

number

of

Incoterms

rules

has

been

reduced

from

13

to

11.

This

has

been

achieved

by

substituting

two

rules

that

may

be

used

irrespective

of

the

agreed

mode

of

transport

—

DA

T,

Delivered

at

Terminal,

and

DAP

,

Delivered

at

Place

—

for

the

incoterms

2000

rules

DAF,DES,DEQ and DDU.

然而，

Incoterms

并没有任何关于付款价格 或付款方式的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违

约的后果等。

这 些问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文来解决。

当事人需

要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的

Incoterms

规则。

Incoterms?2010

的主 要特征

1.

两个新的贸易术语，

即

DA

T

和

DAP

代替了 原来

Incoterms2000

的

D AF,DES,DEQ

和

DDU

术语。

贸易术语的数量从原来的

13

个减少到

11

个。

Incoterms2010

用两个可以不顾及已议定的运

输模式的新术语

——

DA

< br>T

，

目的地交货和

DAP

，

指定地交货

——

代 替了

Incoterms2000

中的

DAF,DES,SEQ

和

DDU

术 语。

Under

both

new

rules,

delivery

occurs

at

a

named

destination:

in

DA

T,

at

the

buyer’s

disposal

unloaded

from

the

arriving

vehicle

(as

under

the

former

DEQ

rule);

in

DAP

,

likewise

at

the

buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the form

er DAF,DES and DDU rules).

The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ superfluous. The named terminal in

DA

T may well be in a port, and DA

T can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms

2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arrivi

ng ―vehicle‖ under DAP may well be a ship and the

named

place

of

destination

may well

be

a

port: consequently,

DAP

can

safely

be

used

in

cases

where

the

Incoterms

2000

rule

DES

once

was.

These

new

rules,

like

their

predecessors,

are

―delivered‖,

with

the

s

eller

bearing

all

the

costs (other

than

those

related

to

import

clearance,

where applicable) and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of destination.

2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules

DA

T

和

DAP

术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在

DA

T

情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物 交由

买方处置（这和先前的

DEQ

术语 一样）

；在

DAP

情况下同样交由买方 处置，但需做好卸货

的准备（这和先前的

DAF,DES

和

DDU

术语一样）

。

新贸易术语的使用，使

Incot erms2000

中的

DES

和

DEQ

成为多余。

DA

T

的目的地可以是港

口，因此

DA< /p>

T

可以用于在

Incoterms200 0

下

DEQ

适用的情况。同样的，

DAP

中运达货物的

交通工具可以是轮船，

而目的地也可以是港口，

因此

DAP< /p>

可以用于在

Incoterms2000

下

DES

适用的情况。

这两个新的术语 ，

和先前的几个术语一样，

是由卖方承担所有费用

（除了与进

口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的地前的风险。

2.. Incoterms?2010

中

11

种贸易术语的分类

The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes

：

RULES FOR ANY

MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR

EXW EX WORKS

FCA

FREE CARRIER

CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO

CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO

DA

T DELIVERED A

T TERMINAL

DAP DELIVERED A

T PLACE

DDP DELIVERED DUTY

PAID

RULES FOR SEA

AND INLAND WA

TERWAY

TRANSPORT

FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP

FOB FREE ON BOARD

CFR COST AND FREIGHT

CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

Incoterms?2010 11

种贸易术语目前被分为两类：

适用于任何运输方式的术语：

EXW

工厂交货

FCA

货交承运人

CPT

运费付至

CIP

运费及保险费付至

DA

T

目的地交货

DAP

所在地交货

DDP

完税后交货