2014年高考英语全国卷

.

2014

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

(

山西新课标

I)

英

语

第二部分

阅读理解（共两节，满分

60

分）

第一节

（ 共

15

小题；每小题

3

分，满分

45

分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（

A

、< /p>

B

、

C

和

D

）中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项 涂黑。

A

The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge

Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!

The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity

Challenge.

The

challenge

invites,

even

dares

school

students

between

the

ages

of

5

and

14

to

create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore

their world.

Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that

shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should

be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by

Friday, February 8

th

.

Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a

special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21

st

. Guest speakers will also present prizes to

the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and

prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch

will be served.

Between March 10

th

and March 15

th

, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing

ceremony

and

the

Curiosity

Challenge

celebration.

The

program

guidelines

and

other

related

information are available at: .

21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?

A. School students.

B. Cambridge locals.

C. CSF winners.

D.

MIT

artists.

22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?

A. On February 8

th

.

B. On March 10

th

.

C. On April 21

st

.

D.

On

March 15

th

.

23. What type of writing is this text?

A. An exhibition guide.

B. An art show review.

C. An announcement.

D.

An

official report.

B

Passenger pigeons(

旅鸽

) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.

Written accounts from the 18

th

and 19

th

centuries described flocks(

群

) so large that they darkened

the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3

billion passenger pigeons

–

a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the

.

United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when

their

numbers

had

already

become

smaller,

a

flock

believed

to

be

1

mile

wide

and

320

miles

(about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

Sadly,

the

abundance

of

passenger

pigeons

may

have

been

their

undoing.

Where

the

birds

were

most

abundant,

people

believed

there

was

an

ever- lasting

supply

and

killed

them

by

the

thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons

had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them,

taking hundreds at a time. The birds were

shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

By

the

closing

decades

of

the

19

th

century,

the

hardwood

forests

where

passenger

pigeons

nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood,

which scattered (

驱散

) the flocks and

forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their

decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.

In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but

by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon

in

the

United States

was

shot

by

a

boy

in

Pike

County,

Ohio,

in 1900.

For

a

time,

a

few

birds

survived

under

human

care.

The

last

of

them,

known

affectionately

as

Martha,

died

at

the

Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.

24. In the 18

th

and early 19

th

centuries, passenger pigeons _______.

A. were the biggest bird in the world

B. lived mainly in the south of America

C. did great harm to the natural environment

D. were the largest bird population in the US

25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ______.

A. escape

B. ruin

C. liberation

D.

evolution

26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?

A. To seek pleasure.

B. To save other birds.

C. To make money.

D.

To protect crops.

27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

A. It was ignored by the public.

B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair.

D. It was strict.

C

A typical lion tamer (

驯兽师

) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (

鞭

) and a

chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does

the important work. When

a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to

focus

on

all

four

legs

of

the

chair

at

the

same

time.

With

its

focus

divided,

the

lion

becomes

confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses

to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How

often

do

you

find

yourself

in

the

same

position

as

the

lion?

How

often

do

you

have

something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) ---- only to end up

confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option

is

best,

the

people

who

want

to

improve

their

lives

are

left

confused

by

all

of

the

conflicting

information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong

.

things,

and

so

we

take

less

action,

make

less

progress,

and

stay

the

same

when

we

could

be

improving.

It

doesn’t

have

to

be

that

way.

Anytime

you

find

the

world

waving

a

chair

in

your

face,

remember

this:

All

you

need

to

do

is

focus

on one

thing. You

just need

to

get

started.

Starting

before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to

go, something yo

u want to accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If

you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get

out of the way.

28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?

A. To show off his skills.

B. To trick the lion.

C. To get ready for a fight.

D. To entertain the audience.

29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?

A. They feel puzzled over choices.

B. They hold on to the wrong things.

C. They find it hard to make changed.

D. They have to do something for show.

30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A. Tolerant.

B. Doubtful.

C. Respectful.

D. Supportive.

31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re a

dvised to _______.

A. wait for a better chance

B. break your old habits

C. make a quick decision

D. ask for clear guidance

D

As

more

and

more

people

speak

the

global

languages

of

English,

Chinese,

Spanish,

and

Arabic,

other

languages

are

rapidly

disappearing.

In

fact,

half

of

the

6,000

—

7,000

languages

spoken

around

the

world

today

will

likely

die

out

by

the

next

century,

according

to

the

United

Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations ---- UNESCO

and

National

Geographic

among

them

----

have

for

many

years

been

documenting

dying

languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark

Turin,

a

scientist

at

the

Macmillan

Center,

Yale

University,

who

specializes

in

the

languages

and

oral

traditions

of

the

Himalayas,

is

following

in

that

tradition.

His

recently

published book,

A grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and

Their

Culture,

grows

out of

his

experience

living,

working,

and

raising

a

family

in

a

village

in

Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks

to

include

other

languages

and

oral

traditions

across

the

Himalayan

reaches

of

India,

Nepal,

Bhutan,

and

China.

But

he

is

not

content

to

simply

record

these

voices

before

they

disappear

without record.

At

the

University

of

Cambridge

Turin

discovered

a

wealth

of

important

materials

----

including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes ---- which had remained unstudied

and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ---- the Digital Himalaya Project and

the World Oral Literature Project ---- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found

in

libraries

and

stores

around

the

world,

available

not

just

to

scholars

but

to

the

younger

generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital

technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved

.

and reconnected with speech communities.

32. Many scholars are making efforts to _____.

A. promote global language

B. rescue disappearing languages

C. search for language communities

D. set up language research organizations

33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Having full records of the languages.

B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.

D. Living with the native speakers.

34. Wh

at is Turin’s book based on?

A. The cultural studies in India.

B. The documents available at Yale.

C. His language research in Bhutan.

D. His personal experience in Nepal.

35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?

A. Write, sell and donate.

B. Record, repair and reward.

C. Design, experiment and report.

D. Collect, protect and reconnect.

第二节

（共

5

小题；每小题

3

分，满分

分）

根据短文内容 ，

从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两 项为多余

选项。

The

jobs

of

the

future

have

not

yet

been

invented.

36

By

helping

them

develop

classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious.

37

Ask kids, “What ingredients (

配料

)can

we

add

to

make

these

pancakes

even

better

next

time?”

and

then

try

them

out.

Did

tho

se

ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

2. Creativity

True

creativity

is

the

ability

to

take

something

existing

and

create

something

new

from

it.

38

There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to

create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3. Personal skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside

our

own

head,

but

what

about

others?

Being

able

to

read

people

helps

kid

from

misreading

a

situation

and

jumping

to

false

conclusions.

39

“Why

do

you

think

she’s

crying?”

“Can

you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how

would you feel?”

4. Self Expression

40

There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ---- music, acting, drawing,

building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget scienc

e education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. So how can we help o

ur kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.