-
英语写作练习中的错误
英语写作练习中的错误
大致可分为语言思维方面的错误、
语
法错误、用词错误、搭配错
误、标点符号错误等。
英汉句子结构大体相同，
即都是主谓宾顺序，
但英语和汉语
的主语概念有
很大差异。
英语句子非常明确主谓之间的施动与受
动的关系。<
/p>
主语要么施动，
用主动语态；
要么施动，
用被动语态。
而汉语不一样，汉语句子的主谓关系主要表示主题
与评论的关
系。
W: The
ability to speak English, I think I am the best in
our class.
R: I think I am the best
when it comes to the ability to speak English.
我觉得研究生的学习很忙。
W: I
feel the study of graduate is very busy
R: I feel very busy with the study of
the graduate courses.
你的工作忙吗？
W: Is
your work busy?
R:Are you busy with
your work?
她的英语说得好。
W: Her
English speaks good.
R:
She
speaks
good/fluent
English.
/
She
speaks
English
with
fluency.
那里在举行英语晚会。
1
W: There was holding an
English party there.
R: They were
holding an English party there.
R:
There was an English party there.
他带的手表是金子做的。
W: He
wears a watch is made of gold.
R: The
watch he wears is made of gold.
W: You
shouldn
’
t disappoint
R: You shouldn
’
t
be disappointed
我希望多学到一些知识。
W: I wish to study more knowledge
R: I wish to acquire/obtain/gain more
knowledge.
他教给我们许多知识。
W: He has taught us a lot of knowledge.
R: He has taught us a lot of things.
R: He has imparted a lot of knowledge
to us.
W:
Nowadays,
the
traffic
in
big
cities
is
getting
more
and
more
crowded.
R:
Nowadays, the traffic in big cities is getting
heavier and heavier.
W: Fresh air can
keep people health.
R: Fresh air can
keep people healthy.
W: He likes
playing basketball, football, table-tennis.
R: He likes playing basketball,
football and table-tennis
2
W: Only I have a good base I can do
everything well in future.
R: Only when
I have a good base can I do everything well in
future.
W: Because I like fresh air, so
I live in the countryside.
R: Because I
like fresh air, I live in the countryside.
W: I was reading a magazine, my
classmate was talking.
R: I was reading
a magazine and my classmate was talking.
W: He speaks several foreign languages,
such as English
、
French
、
German
、
Span
ish
。
R:
He
speaks
several
foreign
languages,
such
as
English,
French,
German and Spanish.
W: The
novel
《
Pride and
Prejudice
》
is very
interesting.
R: The novel
“
Pride and
Prejudice
”
is very
interesting.
W:
People
try
to
resist
the
influence
of
TV
commercials,
but
it
is
often useless.
R:
People
try
to
resist
the
influence
of
TV
commercials,
but
this
effort is often
useless.
W:
TV
has
informative,
educational
function,
and
it
is
very
entertaining.
R: TV has informative, educational and
entertaining function.
W:
There
are
many
ways
to
improve
city
traffic.
For
example,
widening streets,
building subways and so on.
R:
There
are
many
ways
to
improve
city
traffic,
for
example,
3
widening streets, building subways and
so on.
R: There are many ways to
improve city traffic. For example, we can
widen streets and build subways.
W: There are many ways to improve city
traffic. Such as, widening
streets,
building subways and so on.
R:
There
are
many
ways
to
improve
city
traffic,
such
as
widening
streets and building subways.
下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析．
一．
<
/p>
不一致（
Disagreements
）
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，
它还
包括了数的不一致
时态不
一致及代词不一
致等．
例１．
When one have
money ,he can do what he want to .
(
人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．
)
剖析：
one
是单数第三人称，因而本句的
< br>have
应改为
has
同理
，
want
应改为
wants.
本句是典型的主谓不一致．
改为：
Once one has
money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
二．
修饰语错位（
Misplaced
Modifiers
）
英语与汉语不
同，
同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，
句子的含
义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重
4
视，
因而造成了不必要的误解．<
/p>
例１．
I believe I
can do it well and
I will better know
the world outside the campus.
剖析：
better
位置不当，应置于句末．
三．
句子不完整（
Sentence
Fragments
）
在口语中，<
/p>
交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，
不完整的句子完
全可以被理解．
可是书面语就不同了，
句子结构不完
整会令意思
表达不清，
这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，
笔者又想加些补
充说明时发生．
例１．
There are
many ways to know the society. For example by
TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分＂
for example by TV
,radio ,newspaper and so
on .
”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立
成句．
改为：
There
are
many
ways
to
know
society
,for
example
,by
TV
,radio ,and newspaper.
四．
悬垂修饰语（
Dangling
Modifiers
）
所谓悬垂修饰
语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不
清．例如：
At
the age of ten, my grandfather died.
这句中＂
at the
5
age of
ten
＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明”
谁”十岁时．按一般
推理不可能是
my
grandfather,
如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明<
/p>
确一点，全句就不那么费解了．
改为：
When I was
ten, my grandfather died.
例１．
To do well in
college, good grades are essential.
剖析：
句中不定式短语
“
to do well in
college
”
的逻辑主语不清
楚．
改为：
To do well in
college, a student needs good grades.
五．
词性误用
(Misuse of Parts of
Speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词
当动词用等．
例１．
None can
negative the importance of money.
剖析：
negative
系形容词，误作动词。
改为：
None can deny
the importance of money.
六．
指代不清
(Ambiguous Reference of
Pronouns)
6
指代不清
主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，
或者先后
所用的代
词不一致。试看下面这一句：
Mary
was
friendly
to
my
sister
because
she
wanted
her
to
be
her
bridesmaid.
(
玛丽和我
姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。
)
读完上面这一句话，
读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，
谁将当伴娘。
如果我
们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明
确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：<
/p>
Mary was friendly to my
sister because she wanted my sister to be
her bridesmaid.
例
1. And we can also know the
society by serving it yourself.
剖析：
句中人称代词
we
和反身代词
yourself
指代不一致。
改为：
We can also know
society by serving it ourselves.
七．
不间断句子
(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫
run-on
sentence?
请看下面的例句。
例１．
There are
many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：
“
There are many
ways.
”
以及“
We get to know the
outside world.
”
。简单地把它们连在一
起就不妥当了。
改为：
7
There are many ways for us to learn
about the outside world.
或：
There are many ways through which we
can become acquainted with
the outside
world
八．
措词毛病
(Troubles in Diction)
Diction
是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问
题，囿于
教学时间紧迫，
教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有
限，
影响
了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，
斟酌的习惯。
他们往往随
心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文
中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例１．
The increasing use of chemical
obstacles in agriculture also
makes
pollution.
(
农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也
造成了污染。
)
剖析：显然，考生把
obstacles
“障碍”
，
“障碍
物”误作
substance
“物质”了。另外“
the increasing use (
不断增加的使用
)
”
应改
为“
abusive use (
滥用
)
”
。<
/p>
改为：
The
abusive
use
of
chemical
substances
in
agriculture
also
causes/leads to pollution.
8
九．
累赘
(Redundancy)
言以
简洁为贵。
写句子没有一个多余的词；
写段落没有一个无必
要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。
如：
In spite of the fact that
he is lazy, I like him.
本句的
“
the fact that
he is lazy
”
系同谓语从句，
我们按照上述
“能
用词组的不用从句”可以改为：
In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例１．
For the
people who are diligent and kind, money is just
the
thing to be used to buy the thing
they need.
剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：
Diligent,
caring people use money only to buy what they
need.
十．
不连贯
(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，
或是结构上不畅通。
这也是
考生常犯的毛病。
例１．
The fresh
water, it is the most important things of the
earth.
剖析：
The
fresh
water
与逗号后的
it
不连贯。
It
与
things
在数
方面不一致。
改为：
Fresh water
is the most important thing in the world.
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：有哪些受到汉语思维影响的英语错误表达
下一篇：日常生活中错误的英语的调查报告