-
牛津高中英语模块课文对照
-
翻
译
-
百度上传
———————————————————————————
—————
作者：
————————————————————————————————
日期
:
Unit 1
Fog
Fo
ｇ
w<
/p>
ａ
rni
ｎ
g
Whe
ｎ
Ｐｏ
ll
ｙ
l
ｅ
ft home that
mornin
ｇ，
the
ｃ
ity
w
ａ
s
ａｌｒ
eady cov
ｅ
r
ｅ
d in a grey
m
ｉ
st. At
l
ｕ
n
ｃ
h,
the radi
ｏ
f
ｏ
reca
ｓ
t
ｔｈ
at the
mi
ｓ
t
ｗ
ou
ｌ
d
become
a
th
ｉ
ck
ｆ
o
ｇ
ｉ
n
ｔ
he
aftern
ｏ
o
ｎ
< br>. At
ｆ
ou
ｒ
o'
ｃ
lock,
Poll
ｙ
ｌ
eft
ｗｏ
rk
and
step
ｐ
ed
ｏ
ut
in
ｔ
o the
fog .She w
ｏ
ndered
if
ｔ
he
b
ｕ
s
ｅｓ
ｗｏ
uld
ｓ
t
ｉｌ
l
be
ｒ
un
ｎ
i
ｎ
g.
No buses to
King
Str
ｅ
et
O
ｎｃ
e out in the <
/p>
ｓｔ
re
ｅ
t,
she walk
ｅ
d
q
ｕ
ickly
ｔ
< br>owa
ｒ
ds
h
ｅ
r
ｕｓｕ
al
b
ｕ
s stop.
‘
How
far
are
you
g
< br>ｏ
i
ｎ
g?’
the
bus
cond
ｕｃｔｏｒ
as
ｋ
ed
he
ｒ
befo
ｒ
e
ｈ
e
ｔ
o
ｏｋ
h
ｅ
r
fa
ｒｅ．
‘
Ki
ｎ
g
Ｓ
tre
ｅ
t
.’ sa
ｉ
d
Pol
ｌ
y.
‘Ｓ
or
ｒ
y,Mi
ｓ
s
’
rep
ｌ
ied
ｔ
he
man,
‘
th
ｅ
ｔ
ru
ｔｈ
is
tha
ｔ
ｉｔ
ｉ
s
t
ｏ
o
ｆ
og
ｇ
y
f
ｏ
r
th
ｅ
b
ｕ
s
ｔｏ
run
ｔ
hat
fa
ｒ
.
T
ａ
ke the Under
ｇ
r
ｏ
und to
Ｇ
reen Park. The
<
/p>
w
ｅ
ather
ｍ
i
ｇｈｔ
ｂ
e
be
ｔ
ter
the
ｒ
e
a
ｎ
d you
ｍ
ight
ｂｅ
able to
ｇｅｔ
a
ｔ
axi
．
’
A
tall
ma
ｎ
A
ｓ
Pol
ｌ
y
ｏ
bs
ｅ
rv
ｅｄ
t
ｈ
e
pa
ｓｓ
enger
ｓ
on
ｔ
he
trai
ｎ，
she
h
ａ
d
a
f
ｅ
e
ｌ
in
g
that she
w
ａ
s
ｂ
eing
watch
ｅ
d
b
ｙ
a tall
man
in
ａ
dark
ｏ
vercoat.
Ａ
t
las
ｔ
the
t
ｒ
ain
a
ｒ
ri
ｖ
e
ｄ
ａ
t
G
ｒ
e
ｅ
n
P
ａｒ
k
st
ａ
tion.
While
t
ｈ
e
res
ｔ
ｏｆ
ｔｈ
e
ｐ<
/p>
as
ｓ
engers
ｗ
er
ｅ
getting
out
，
she glanced a
ｔ
the
faces around
her. The tall man
ｗ
a
ｓ
now
ｈｅ
re
t
ｏ
be soon.
F
ｏ
o
ｔ
steps
When
Ｐｏ
ll
ｙ
got
ｔｏ
the station
entrance
，
it
was
e
ｍｐ
ty.
Out
ｓ
id
ｅ，
whereve
ｒ
she
ｌ
oo
ｋ
e
ｄ
the
f
ｏ
g lay
ｌ
ik
ｅ
a thick,
ｇｒ
e
ｙ
ｃ
lo
ｕ
d.
Th
ｅ
re was
n
ｏ
ｏｎ
e
i
ｎ
sight.
Polly
s
ｅ
t
ｏ
ff
ｔｏ
wards
P
ａ
rk
S
ｔ
re
ｅ
t.
A
ｓ
ｓ
he
hear
ｄ
a
man’
ｓ
ｖ
oic
ｅ
in her ear sa
ｙｉ
ng
‘Sorr
ｙ
.’ The
ma
ｎ
ｍ
oved
away
．
Ｓ
he could feel
ｈ
er
ｈ
eart
b
ｅ
ating
wi
ｔｈ
f
ｅ
a
ｒ
.
The he
ｌｐｆｕ
l
ｓ
trange
ｒ
Then sh
ｅ
he
ａ
rd the sound a
g
ａ
in
－
s
oft
ｆ
o
ｏ
tste
ｐ
s
behin
ｄ
her.
A
mi
ｎ
ute
ｂ
efore
，
sh
ｅ
ｈ
ad
ｗ
i
sh
ｅ
d
ｆ
or
someone
ｔ
o
co
ｍ
e
alon
ｇ
.
Ｎ
o
ｗ
she
w
ａ
nted
to
run,
but
f
ｅａ
r
he
ｌ
d
her
s
ｔ
il
ｌ
.
T
ｈ
e f
ｏ
otstep
ｓ
seem
ｅ
d
close
no
ｗ
.
Th
ｅ
n a
ma
ｎ
’
ｓ
voic
ｅ
came
ou
ｔ
of
ｔ
he
darkne
ｓｓ
. ‘Is anybody
there?’
Po
ｌ
ly he
ｓｉｔ
at
ｅ
d. At
last
ｓ
h
ｅ
answer
ed, ‘H
ｅｌ
lo
，
Ｉ
t
ｈ
in
ｋ
I’m
lo
ｓｔ
.
’
A
few
ｓｅ
c
ｏ
nds
later,
a
ha
ｎｄ
re
ａ
ched
ｏ
ut
and
graspe
ｄ
her
ａ
rm.
Polly
ｆ
ound
herse
ｌ
f
st
ａ
rin
ｇ
< br>
u
ｐ
at t
ｈｅ
f
ａｃ
e
of
an
ｏ
ld
ｍ
a
ｎ
with
a
be
ａ
rd.
‘
Maybe I can
h
ｅ
lp
ｙｏ
u.
Whi
ｃｈ
ｒ
oad
do
ｙ
ou
wa
ｎｔ
?’ he
as
ｋ
ed.
‘
I
li
ｖｅ
at 86
Ｋ
ing
Ｓ
tr
ｅ
et
．
’ Poll
ｙ
ｒｅｐ
l
ｉｅｄ
.
‘Ｊ
us
ｔ
take
my
hand.’
ｓ
a
ｉｄ
the
ma
ｎ
.
‘Come
w
ｉ
th
me.
Ｙ
ou’l
ｌ
be
ａ
ll
righ
ｔ
.’
He
ｔ
ook
Pol
ｌ
y’s hand. ‘
Ｗ<
/p>
a
ｔ
c
ｈ
ｏｕ
t for
th
ｅ
s
ｔｅ
p
ｈ
ere.’
In hi
ｓ
ot
ｈ
er
ｈ
and
th
ｅ
man carried a
ｓ
ti
ｃ
k<
/p>
．
Ｐ
ol
ｌｙ
heard
ｉ
t hit the
s
ｔ
ep.
‘
Ｉ
can
remembe
ｒ
some
ｔｅ
rr
ｉ
bl
ｅ
fogs
，
but ma
ｙ
be
that
ｗ
as
ｂ
efore
ｙ
our
ti
ｍ
e
．
I ca
ｎ
’t
s
ｅｅ
ｙ
our
fa
ｃ
e, but
yo
ｕ
sou
ｎ
d
y
ｏ
un
ｇ．
Ｈ
ow
old
a
ｒ
e
ｙ<
/p>
ou
？
’
‘
Just twenty.’
answ
ｅ
red
P
ｏ
ll
ｙ
.
‘
Ah,
twent
ｙ
! A nice
age to
be. I was young
on
ｃ
e
．
Now
we’r
ｅ
at the
cr
ｏ
ssroads.
Turn
l
ｅ
ft
here.’
‘
I’
ｍ
ｑ
uite
l
ｏｓ
t
now.
Ａｒ
e
y
ｏｕ
ｓ
ure you
ｋ
now
t
he way?’ Polly
w
ａ
s beg
ｉ
nnin
ｇ
to
feel f
< br>ｒ
ig
ｈ
t
ｅ
n
ｅｄ
ａ
gain.’
‘Ｏｆ
cours
ｅ
.
You
ｒ
eally
sho
ｕ
l
ｄ
n’
ｔ
fee
ｌ
a
n
ｘ
i
ｏ
u<
/p>
ｓ
,’
He
h
ｅ
ld
h
ｅｒ
ha
ｎ
d
ｍ
ore
firml
ｙ
.
The
ｇ
ra
ｔ
eful
he
ｌ
per
‘Ｈ
e
ｒ
e
w
ｅ
are.
K
ｉ
ng Street.’ He
stopped.
‘Ｔｈ
ank
you
ｓ
o
much
ｆｏ
r
< br>c
ｏ
mi
ｎ
g
ｔ
o
my
ai
ｄ
.’
said
Po
ｌ
l
ｙ
ｉ
n
r
ｅ<
/p>
l
ｉｅｆ
.
‘Woul
ｄ
you lik
ｅ
ｔ
o
com
ｅ
i
ｎ
an
ｄ
r
ｅｓ
t
for
a
w
ｈ
ile?’
‘
It’s
very
ｎ
ic
ｅ
ｏ
f
y
ｏ
u.’
sa
ｉ
d
ｔ
he
man,
‘bu
ｔ
I’l
ｌ
be
off.
There
may
be
more
ｐｅ
ople
lo
ｓ
t
ｔ
od
ａｙ
,
and
I’d
l
ｉｋｅ
ｔ
o
hel
ｐ
t
ｈ
em.
You
se
ｅ
, a
f
ｏ
g
th
ｉ
s
ba
ｄ
is
ｒ
are
．
It
give
ｓ
m
ｅ
the
c
ｈ
anc
ｅ
to
p
ａ
y
ｂ
ack
t
ｈｅ
h
ｅ
lp
ｔ
hat
ｐ
eople
ｇ
i
ｖｅ
ｍ
e
ｗ
hen
it’
ｓ
su
ｎｎ
y.
Ａ
bli
ｎ
d
person like
ｍｅ
can’t
ｇ
et
a
ｃ
ross
the
roa
ｄ
ｗ
ithout
ｈ
el
ｐ，
e
ｘ
cept in a
ｆ
og
like
th
ｉ
s.’
P1
８
Project
Shark
ａ
ttack
ｓ
There
ar
ｅ
nearly
4
０
0
diff
ｅ
re
ｎ
t
ｔｙ
pes
ｏ
f s
ｈ
a
r
ｋ
s,
b
ｕ
t only
ab
ｏ
ut
3
０
types
ａ
re
kn
ｏｗ
n
to h
ａ
ve
ａ
tta
ｃ
k
ｅ
d hum
ａ
n
beings. Many
ｐ
eop
ｌ
e
know
th
ａ
t
t
ｈ
e
mo
ｓ
t
ｄ
a
ｎ
gerous
ｓｈ
ark
i
ｓ
the
gre
ａ
t
w
ｈｉｔ
e
shark,
ｐ
rob
ａ
bly
bec
ａ
use
they
ｈ
ave
ｓ
ｅｅｎ
th
ｅ
fi
ｌ
m
Jaws.
Ho
ｗ
< br>ev
ｅ
r,
two
ｏ
t
ｈ
er
sh
ａ
rks
ａｒｅ
also
rathe
ｒ
ｄａ
n
ｇ
erou
< br>ｓ
: the tiger
s
ｈａｒｋ
ａ
nd
t
ｈ
e
ｂ
ull
shar
ｋ
.
Co
ｎｔ
rary
ｔ
o
ｗ
h<
/p>
ａ
t
man
ｙ
ｐ
eop
ｌ
e
might
assume, evi
ｄ
e
ｎ
ce shows
ｔｈ
at
s
ｈ
ark
ｓ
ｓ
eld
ｏｍ
a
ｔ
t
ａ
ck
ｈ
u
ｍ
ans.
T
ｈ
ere
a
ｒｅ
thre
ｅ
ｔｙｐ
es
ｏ
f
shark
attac
ｋ
s.
In
ｔ
h
ｅ
ｍ
a
ｉ
n
ｔｙ
pe
，
ｔ
he
shark
ａｔ
t
ａ
cks
y
ｏｕ
be
c
ａ
u
ｓ
e<
/p>
it
mistak
ｅ
s
you
for
a
fi
ｓ
h,
but
when
it
tastes
hum
ａ
n
fl
ｅｓ
h
it
decides
to
gi
ｖｅ
up
an
ｄ
ｓ
wi
ｍｓ
ａ
way.
Ｉｎ
ｔ
he
ｓｅ
cond type, the shark
pushes you
w
ｉ
t
ｈ
ｉ
t
ｓ
nose
ｔ
o
find
ou
ｔ
if
y
ｏｕ
are
fit
ｔ
o be eaten,
and the
ｎ
bit
ｅｓ
yo
ｕ
if
it th
ｉ
nks you
a
ｒ
e
．
Ｉ
n th
ｅ
third
type,
th
ｅ
ｓ
h
ａ
rk
wait
ｓ
for
y
ｏｕ
ｔ
o
swim b
ｙ
,
and
then
at
ｔ
acks
y
ｏ
ｕ
suddenly
．
T
ｈ
e
ｌ
a
ｓ
t
t
ｗ
o
ｔ
ypes
ｏｆ
attack
more
often
ｒｅｓ
ult
i
ｎ
the
d
ｅ
a
ｔ
h
ｏ
f
hum
ａ
ns.
To
re
ｄ
uce
t
ｈ
e
risk
of
a
ｓ
hark
attack,
ｙ
ou
ｓ
hould
ｆ
ol
ｌｏ
w
t
ｈ
ese
su
ｇ
ges
ｔ
ions.
Do not
s
ｗ
im
i
ｎ
t
ｈｅ
dar
ｋ
.
Shar
ｋ
s
c
ａ
n
st
ｉ
ll see you
b
ｕ
t
ｙｏ
u cannot see
th
ｅ
m.
Do
not
ｇｏ
swim
ｍ
ing
in
the
oce
ａ
n
ｉｆ
you
h
ａ
ve
a
ｆ
res
ｈ
w
ｏ
und.
Ｓｈ
ar
ｋ
s
can
ｓ
mel
ｌ
blo
ｏ
d
ov
ｅ
r a long
d
ｉ
stan
ｃ
e.
Ｄ
o
ｎ
o
ｔ
wear
ｂ
ri
ｇ
ht
cl
ｏ
t
ｈ<
/p>
ing
ｏｒ
j
ｅｗｅｌ
le
ｒ
y,
ｂ
ecause
shark
ｓ
are
a
ｔ
tra
ｃ
ted to
the flash of,
ｃ
o<
/p>
ｌ
our
ｓ
ａ
n
ｄ
bright
o
ｂ
jects
．
St
ａ
y
ｉ
n
ｇ
r<
/p>
ｏ
ups, as
sha
ｒｋ
s
ｕ
sua
ｌｌｙ
avoi
ｄ
l
ａ
rg
ｅ
numbers
of
people.
Recen
ｔｌｙ
,
sha
ｒ
k
at
ｔ
ac
ｋｓ
ｈａｖ
e
ｂ
een
ｉｎｃ
reasing
a
ｓ
ｗ
ate
ｒ
s
ｐ
o
ｒ
ts
are
<
/p>
ｂ
ecomi
ｎ
g more popular
．
Ｉ
f
a
ｓ
hark
attac
ｋ
s
you
，
fo
ｌ
low the a
ｄ
v
ｉ
c
ｅ
below.
Keep
calm. Do
ｎ
ot
panic
．
Hit
ｔ
he
ｓ
ha
ｒ
k
ｏ
n th
ｅ
nose wi
ｔ
h
y
ｏ
ur
fist
．
Stick
ｙｏ
ur
finger in th
ｅ
shark's e
ｙ
e.
Don't b
ｅ
< br>fr
ｉ
ghte
ｎ
ed
ｂ
y
sha
ｒ
k
ｓ
:
you
a
ｒ
e
3o
ti
ｍ
e
ｓ
m
ｏｒ
e
<
/p>
l
ｉ
kel
ｙ<
/p>
to
ｂ
e
ｈ
it
b
ｙ
lightning
ｔ
h
ａ
n
be
attacke
ｄ
ｂｙ
a
s
ｈ
ark.
T
ｈ
e
wonderful world
ｏ
f
ｐ
ig
e
ｏ
ns
Ｉ
t
is
nig
ｈ
t.
All
i
ｓ
q
ｕ
i
ｅ
t
．
The
s
ｏ
ldiers
ａ
r
ｅ
aslee
ｐ
wh
ｉ
le
a
guar
ｄ
ｗ
atches
f
ｏｒ
t
ｈ
e
ｅ
nemy.
There
ｉ
s
ａ
f
ｌ
ash,
and
the sound of
gun
ｓ！
Ｔ
hey
ａｒ
e being
ａ
t
ｔ
ac
ｋ
ed!
Ｈ
undreds
of e
ｎｅｍ
y
soldie
ｒ
s rush
towa
ｒｄ
s
them
．
They
ａ
re all going to
ｂ
e
k
ｉ
lled
un
ｌ
ess they get help.
W
ｈ
at
ｓ
hould
t
ｈ
ey
ｄ
o?
An
of
ｆｉ
c
ｅ
r
writ
ｅ
s
ａ
shor
ｔ
m
ｅｓ
sage
quic
ｋｌ
y
o
ｎ
a
sma
ｌ
l
piece
of
p
ａｐ
er:
＇
Be
ｉ
ng
a
ｔ
tack
ｅ
d!
Ｈ
ur
ｒ
y!'
He
ｒ
ol
ｌｓ
up the p
ａ
per
a
ｎｄ
puts
i
ｔ
into
a small
ca
ｓｅ
,
a
ｎ
d then
ｒ
eache
ｓ
into
a
cage
and
ge
ｔ
s
ａ
ｂ
ird.
Ａ
t
ｔ
a
ｃｈ
ing t
ｈ
e
message
ｔ
o
ｉｔ
s
ｌ
e
ｇ
,
ｈ
e
ｓ
ets
th
ｅ
bir
ｄ
l
oo
ｓ
e
．
It
ｉ
mmedi
< br>ａ
tely
fli
ｅｓ
i
ｎ
to
ｔ
h
ｅ
ａ
i
ｒ
and disa
ｐ
p
ｅａ
rs
in
ｔ
he
d
ａ
rk.
Wil
ｌ
the
ｂｉ
rd
arriv
ｅ
in
ｔ
ime
？
Will they be
save
ｄ
?
Ｔ
hough
i
ｔ
may
see
ｍ
ha
ｒ
d
ｔ
o
ｂｅｌ
ieve, the
b
ｉｒ
d
ｔ
he
of
ｆ
icer
u
ｓ
es
ｉ
s
ｔ
he
sa
ｍ
e bird
ofte
ｎ
s
ｅ
en in
pub
ｌ
ic
ｐ
arks--the pigeon.
Pigeons
ha
ｖ
e a
wond
ｅ
rf
ｕ
l
s
ｅ
n
ｓ
e
of
ｄ
i
ｒ
e
ｃ
tion
an
ｄ
ｃ
an
f
ｉ
n
ｄ
<
/p>
th
ｅ
i
ｒ
way
h
ｏｍ
e
o
ｖｅ
r
ｌｏ
ng
distances. Indeed,
pi
ｇ
eons
h
ａ
ve
ｂｅ
en known
t
ｏ
f
ｌｙ
home from
ａ
s
ｆ
ar away
a
ｓ
1,
８
00 kilometres.
That
ｉ
s
wh
ｙ
ｐ<
/p>
i
ｇ
eons
ｈ
av
ｅ
bee
ｎ
us
ｅ
d
since
ａ
nc
< br>ｉ
ent
t
ｉｍ
es
to
ｃａｒｒ
y
ｔ
he
ｎ
e
ｗ
s
ｏ
r
even
th
ｅ
mai
ｌ．
Ｈ
o
ｗ
ever,
it
wa
ｓ
ｉｎ
ｗａ
r
th
ａ
t
ｔ
he
ｙ
ｆｏｕ
nd
t
ｈｅ
ir gre
ａ
t
ｅｓ
t
u
ｓ
e.
Ｄｕｒ
ing
bo
ｔ
h
Wo
ｒ
l
ｄ
W
ａｒ
Ｉ
ａｎ
d
Ｉ
I
，
p
ｉｇｅ
ons
ｗｅｒ
e
ｅ
mp
ｌ
oyed by
armi
ｅ
s
ｔ
o
c
ａ<
/p>
r
ｒ
y
messa
ｇ
es
t
ｏ
and
from th
ｅ
fr
ｏ
nt
ｌ
i
ｎ
es,
ｓａ
v
ｉ
ng
th
ｅ
lives
o
ｆ
many s
ｏｌｄ
iers
a
ｎ
d
ev
ｅ
n
ｈ
elping
win
som
ｅ
i
mp
ｏ
r
ｔａ
nt v
ｉ
ctories
．
How
d
ｏ
ｐｉ<
/p>
ge
ｏ
ns
f
ｉ
nd
their
ｗａｙ？
Pigeon
ｓ
ａｐ
pear
t
ｏ
ha
ｖ
e
a
co
ｍ
pass
ｉｎ
si
ｄｅ
th
ｅ
m
ｔｈ
at
ｔ
el
ｌ
s
them
w
ｈ
ic
ｈ
way
is
no
ｒ
th
．
Ｈｏｗ
th
ｉ
s
compass
wo
ｒ
k
ｓ
remains
a
myst
ｅ
r
ｙ
. Of cou
ｒ
se
，
si
ｎｃ
e
a comp
ａ
s
ｓ
alone is
ｎ
ot
e
ｎ
ou
ｇｈ
ｔ
o
ｆ
ind one's
w
ａ
y,
t
ｈｅｙ
also
appear
to
us
ｅ
ｔ
hei
ｒ
sight
ａｎ
d
even
the
ｉ
r
sen
ｓｅ
o
ｆ
smell
ｔ
o
tell
them
ｗ
hich way
t
ｈｅ
y
ｓ
h
ｏ
uld
go.
Unli
ｋ
e
ｈ
umans,
ｔ
hey never
g
ｅｔ
lost and
can
alway
ｓ
find
ｔ
heir
w
ａ
y home.
Un
ｉ
t 2
Ｅ
nglish
an
ｄ
ｉ
ts
ｈ
i
ｓｔ
or
ｙ
Ａ
ll
ｔ
hrou
ｇ
h
ｈ
i
ｓ
t
ory,
people
f
ｒ
om
ma
ｎ
y
<
/p>
d
ｉｆｆ
e
ｒ<
/p>
ent
ｃ
o
ｕ
n
ｔｒｉｅ
s
and
cult
ｕ
< br>re
ｓ
have
li
ｖ
ed
to
ｇｅ
ther
in
Britain
．
Ｔｈｅ
Ｅ
n
gli
ｓ
h
l
ａｎｇ
u
ａ
ge
ｉ
s
ｍ
ade
u
ｐ
of
ｔｈ
e
gr
ａ
mmar
a
ｎｄ
vo
ｃ
a
ｂｕｌａ
ry
ｔ
hese
p
ｅ
opl
ｅ
ｂ
rought
t
ｏ
Ｂ
ri
ｔａ
ｉ
n
．
Ｔｈ
at
is
wh
ｙ
Engli
ｓ
h
h
ａｓ
so
ma
ｎｙ
d
i
ｆ
f
ｉ
cu
lt
ru
ｌ
e
ｓ
ｔ
h
ａ
t
ｃ
onfuse
peopl
ｅ．
Old Engl
ｉ
sh
Old English is
very
differ
ｅ
nt
f
ｒ
om the
< br>Ｅ
ngl
ｉ
sh
we spe
ａ
k no<
/p>
ｗ
a
ｄ
ays.
Ｉ
n
f
ａ
ct,
we
wo
ｕ
ld
not
ｂ
e
ａ
bl
ｅ
ｔ
o
understand
ｉ
t
if
ｗｅ
h
ｅａｒｄ
it
to
ｄ
ay
．
Ｂ
efore
the
5
ｔ
h
ｃｅｎｔ
ury,
p
ｅ
ople
in
Ｂ
ritain
all
spok
ｅ
a
l
ａｎｇ
u
ａ
ge
ｃ
alled
Ｃ
el
ｔ
i
ｃ．
Then
t
ｗ
o Ger
ｍ
ani
ｃ
gr
ｏｕ
ps
ｆ
rom the European mainl
ａｎ
d
—
ｔ
he Angle
ｓ
a
ｎｄ
ｔｈ
e S
ａｘ
o
ｎｓ
—
o
ｃ
c
ｕｐｉ
ed Br
ｉ
ta
ｉ
n. Old
Engl
ｉｓ
h
ｃ
onsi
ｓ
t
< br>ｅ
d of a
ｍ
ixt
ｕ
re of
their
l
ａｎ
g
ｕ
ag
ｅｓ
.
（
Bo
ｔ
h
the E
ｎ
glish
l
ａ
ngu
ａ
ge
an
ｄ
th
ｅ
Engli
ｓ
h
ｐ
eople
ar
ｅ
named
ａ
fter
th
ｅ
Ａ<
/p>
n
ｇ
l
ｅ
s;
the
w
ｏ
rd
Angl
ｅ
w
ａ
s
sp
ｅｌｔ
En
ｇ
le
in
Ｏ
ld
Ｅ
n
ｇ
lish
．
)
As
ｉ
d
ｅ
fr
ｏｍ
place nam
ｅｓ
such as L
ｏ
ndon
，
v
ｅ
r
ｙ
fe
ｗ
Ce
ｌ
tic
w
ｏ
r
ｄｓ
b
ｅ
c
ａ
me
ｐ
ar
ｔ
of
Ｏ
l
ｄ
Ｅ
nglish.
At
ｔ
he end
of
the
9
ｔｈ
ce
ｎ
tu
ｒ
y,
th
ｅ
Vi
ｋｉ
n
ｇ
s,
people
fro
ｍ
Ｎ
ｏ
r
ｔ
her
ｎ
Europe
ａ
n
< br>ｃｏ
unt
ｒ
ies
such
as
Ｄ
e
ｎｍａ
rk
an
ｄ
Norw
ａｙ
,
ｂｅ
gan to
ｍ
o
ｖ
e
to
Ｂ
ritain
．
They
ｂ
r
ｏｕ
ght w
ｉｔ
h
t
ｈ
e
ｍ
<
/p>
th
ｅ
i
ｒ
ｌａ
ngua
ｇ
es,
w
ｈｉ
ch
ａ
l
ｓ
o
ｍｉ
xed
with
O
ｌｄ
En
ｇ
li
ｓ
h.
Ｂ
y
the
１０
th
ｃｅｎ
tu
ｒ
y,
Ｏ
ld
Eng
ｌｉｓｈ
had
b
ｅ
c
ｏ
me
t
ｈ
e
ｏ<
/p>
ff
ｉ
c
ｉ
a
ｌ
langu
ａ
ge
ｏ
f
Ｅｎ
gland.
W
ｈ
en
ｗ
e speak
Eng
ｌ
ish today,
ｗ
e
som
ｅ
time
ｓ
feel
ｐ
uzz
< br>ｌ
ed
a
ｂ
out
ｗ
h
ｉ
ch<
/p>
ｗｏ
r
ｄ
s
or p
ｈ
r
ａ
ses
t
ｏ
use. T
ｈ
is
ｉ
s
ｂ
ec
ａ
use En
ｇ
lis
ｈ
h
ａ
s many
w
ｏ
r
ｄ
s
and
phr
ａ
se
ｓ
from
ｄ
iffe
ｒｅ
nt
langu
ａ
ges,
ｂ
ut
wit
ｈ
ｓ
imi
ｌａ
r
meani
ｎ
gs.
F
ｏｒ
ｅｘ
a
ｍｐ
le,
the
ｗ
ord
s
ｉ
ck
came
from
ａ
wo
ｒｄ
ｏｎ
ce
u
ｓ
ed
b
ｙ
the
An
ｇｌ
es
ａ
nd
th
ｅ
Ｓ<
/p>
axo
ｎｓ
,
whil
ｅ
ill
came
f
ｒ
om
a
wo
ｒ
d once
ｕ
se
ｄ
b
ｙ
ｔ
h
ｅ
N
ｏ
rweg
ｉ<
/p>
a
ｎ
ｓ
.
Mi
ｄ
dle
E
ｎ
g
ｌ
is
ｈ
M
ｉ
ddle
Eng
ｌｉｓ
h is
ｔ
h
ｅ
ｎ
ame
gi
ｖ
e
ｎ
t
ｏ
ｔｈ
e English
use
ｄ
ｆ
rom
a
ｒ
oun
ｄ
t
ｈ
e
12th
to
the
15t
ｈ
c
ｅ
nturies.
Many
things
ｐ
layed
a
part
i
ｎ
the
d
ｅ
velopme
ｎ
t
of
this
n
ｅｗ
typ
ｅ
o
ｆ
Eng
li
ｓ
h.
The
most
< br>im
ｐ
o
ｒｔ
< br>a
ｎ
t
cont
ｒ
ibuti
ｏ
n
was
from
ｔ
he
Ｎ
o
rm
ａ
ns
，
a
Ｆ
r
ｅｎ
c
ｈ
-speak
ｉ
ng
p
ｅｏ
< br>pl
ｅ
w
ｈ
o
defeated
E
ｎｇｌ
and
an
ｄ
to
ｏｋ
cont
ｒ
ol
of
th
ｅ
country
ｉ
n
10
６
6.
H
ｏ
wever,
ｔ
he Norman Con
ｑ
ue
ｓｔ
did
n
ｏ
t
ａ
f
ｆ
e
ｃ
t E
n
ｇ
l
ｉ
sh
ａ
s
mu
ｓ
h as
th
ｅ
Ang
ｌｅ
s and the
Saxons’ vi
ｃ
tory
about
６００
ye
ａ
rs
earlier,
w
ｈ
ich
l
ｅ
d
to
Old
En
ｇ
lis
ｈ
r
ｅｐ
l
ａ
cing
Ce
ｌ
t
ｉｃ
.
Ｅ
ve
ｎ
ｔ
hough
the
N
ｏ
r
ｍａ
n
ｓ
ｓ
po
ｋｅ
French
for
th
ｅ
en
ｔ
ire
250
ye
ａｒ
s
they
r
ｕ
l
ｅ
d
Ｅ
ngland,
Ｆ
renc
ｈ
did
not
ｒｅ
p
ｌ
ace
Ｅ
ng
ｌ
i
ｓｈ
as
the
fir
ｓ
t
lang
ｕａｇ
e.
On
th
ｅ
oth
ｅ
r
ｈ
and,
the English
la
ｎ
guage did
ｂｏｒ<
/p>
r
ｏ
w
m
ａｎ
y
wor
ｄｓ
from F
ｒ
ench. This
result
ｅ
ｄ
in e
ｖｅ
n
mor
ｅ
ｗ
or
ｄ
s
ｗ
i
ｔｈ
<
/p>
sim
ｉ
lar
meani
ｎ
g
ｓ
, such as
ans
ｗｅｒ
(f
< br>ｒ
o
ｍ
Ol
ｄ
Ｅ<
/p>
n
ｇ
lis
ｈ<
/p>
)
ａ
n
ｄ
ｒ
ep
ｌ
y
(fro
ｍ
O
ｌ
d Fr
ｅｎ
ch
）
. It is
ｉｎ
terestin
ｇ
ｔ
o learn
ｈ
ow
t
ｈ
e
word
ｓ
for most a<
/p>
ｎ
imal
ｓ
raised
for
fo
ｏｄ，
s
ｕ
ch
a
ｓ
ｃｏ
w,
ｓｈ
e
ｅ
p
an
ｄ
p
ｉ
g,
came
fro
ｍ
Ol
ｄ
Ｅ<
/p>
ngli
ｓ
h
．
H
ｏ
wev
er
，
ｔ
he
word
ｓ
for
th
ｅ
ｍ
ea
ｔ
ｏ
f
t
ｈ
ese
animals
，
ｗｈｉ
ch
w
ａｓ
serv
ｅ
d to the Nor
ｍ
an
ｓ
,
ｃ
ame
from
Ｏ
l
ｄ
Frenc
ｈ：
b
ｅ
ef,
m
ｕｔｔｏ
n,
por
ｋ
ａ
nd
ｂ
acon.
Ｏ
ld
F
ｒ
ench
ｍａ
de
oth
ｅ
r
c
ｏ
nt
ｒ<
/p>
ibutions
t
ｏ
Mid
ｄ
le
English
as
wel
ｌ
.
In
Old
E
ｎ
glish,
ｔ
he Ger
ｍ
an
ｉ
c
ｗａ
y
of
ｍ
aking
w
ｏ
r
ｄ
s
plu
ｒ
al
w
ａ
s
used.
Ｆ
or
ｅｘａｍ
p
ｌｅ
, they
sai
ｄ
h
ｏ
usen
instead of ho
ｕ
se<
/p>
ｓ
,
an
ｄ
shoen instea
ｄ
of sho
ｅｓ
. After
th
ｅ
Norman
ｓ
ｔ
ook
co
ｎ
tr
ｏ
l,
they
bega
ｎ
u
ｓ
i
ｎ
g<
/p>
ｔ
he
Ｆ
renc
ｈ
ｗ
ay
of
making
plu
ｒ
a
ｌ
s
，
< br>
ａ
ddin
ｇ
ａ
n
-s
to hous
ｅ
an
ｄ
s<
/p>
ｈｏ
e
．
O
ｎ
ly a
f
ｅ
w
wo
ｒ
ds
ｋ
ep
ｔ
<
/p>
th
ｅ
i
ｒ
G
ｅ
rm
ａ
nic
p
ｌ
ural forms,
such
ａ
s
man/men and c
ｈｉ
ld
／ｃ
hil
ｄ
ren.
A
ｆ
ter
ｔｈ
e
Ｎ
o
ｒｍ
a
ｎ
Conquest,
high
－ｃ<
/p>
la
ｓｓ
people
spo
ｋｅ
Ｆ
rench
w
ｈ
i
ｌｅ
com
ｍｏｎ
people
s
ｐ
< br>ok
ｅ
English. <
/p>
Ho
ｗ
ever,
ｂｙ
the
< br>l
ａ
t
ｔ
er
ｈａ
lf
of
th
ｅ
14
ｔ
h
c
ｅ
ntury, E
ｎ
gl
ｉ
sh had
c
ｏ
me
in
ｔ
o
widespre
ａｄ
use
a
ｍ
ong
al
ｌ
ｃ
l
asse
ｓ
i
ｎ
Eng
ｌ
a
ｎ
d.
In
1
３９
9,
Henr
ｙ
Ⅳ
be
ｃ<
/p>
a
ｍ
e
King
o
ｆ
Eng
ｌ
and.
Hi
ｓ
m
ｏｔ
her
ton
ｇ
ue
w
ａ
s E
ｎ
glis
ｈ，
ａｎｄ
h
ｅ
ｕｓ
ed
Ｅ
n
ｇ
lish
for
all
ｏ
fficial
ｅ
vents
．
Mod
ｅ
rn
Engli
ｓ
h
M
ｏ
d
ｅｒ
n
En
ｇ
lish
a<
/p>
ｐ
p
ｅ
a
ｒ
ed
d
ｕ
ring
ｔｈ
e
Ｒｅ
naiss
ａ
nce
in
ｔｈ
e
１６
t
ｈ
<
/p>
cen
ｔｕ
r
ｙ
.
Ｂｅ
cause
ｏ
f
t
ｈｉ
s
Mod
ｅｒ
n
Ｅ
nglish
inc
ｌ
udes
ｍ
an
ｙ
Ｌ
atin
ａ
nd
Gree
ｋ
words.
Pronunci
ａ
tion
al
ｓｏ
wen
ｔ
ｔ
h
ｒ
ough
huge
ｃ
hanges
dur
ｉ
ng
t
ｈ
i
ｓ
p
ｅ
rio
ｄ
．
Ｏｆ
ｃ
ours
ｅ，
ｔｈ
is was
n
ｏ
t the
ｅ
nd
ｏ
f
the c
ｈ
anges
ｉ
n th
ｅ
E
ｎ
glish
ｌ
a
ｎ
guage.
T
ｈｅ
questi
ｏ
n
o
ｆ
whe
ｔ
h
ｅ
r
Engl
ｉ
sh
w
ｉ
l
ｌ
k
ｅ
ep
on changing in
ｔ
he
f
ｕ
ture
i
ｓ
e
ａ
sy
t
ｏ
a
ｎ
s
ｗ
er.
Ｉ
t
is
certain
that
t
ｈ
is
p
r
ｏ
cess
w
ｉ
l
ｌ
ｃ
ont
ｉ
n
ue,
and
pe
ｏ
pl
ｅ
will
ｋ
eep
in
ｖｅ
nting
n
ｅ
w
word
ｓ
a
ｎｄ
new
ｗ
ays of
sa
ｙ
ing things.
<
/p>
P
ｒ
o
ｊ
e
ｃ
t
The develo
ｐ
ment
Chinese ch
ａ
racte
ｒ
s
The
Chinese
lan
ｇｕａ
g
ｅ<
/p>
d
ｉ
ff
ｅｒ
s
from
W
ｅ
stern
ｌａｎ
gu
ａ
ges
in
that,
instead
of
an
ａｌ
p
habe
ｔ，
i
ｔ
uses char
ａ
cter
ｓ
ｗ
hic
ｈ
s
ｔａ
nd for
ide
ａ
s,
ob
ｊ
ects
ｏ
r
d
ｅ
eds. C
ｈ
< br>in
ｅｓｅ
w
ｏ
r
ｄ
s
ａ
re
form
ｅ
d by
pu
ｔ
t
ｉ
ng
t
ｏ
g
ｅｔ
her
ｄ
if
ｆ
erent
charact
< br>ｅ
rs.
Ｉ
n
ma
ｎ
y
ｃ
as
ｅ
s,
a
s
ｉ
ng
ｌ
e
cha
ｒ
a
ｃ
te<
/p>
ｒ
ca
ｎ
also
ｍ
ake
ｕ
p a
word.
Ｔ
he
histo
ｒｙ
of
th
ｅ
Ｃｈ
in
ｅｓ
e
ｌａ
ngua
ｇ
< br>e
can
be
examin
ｅ
d
by
lookin
ｇ
at
how
th
ｅ
se
cha
ｒ
acters
ｄｅ
ve
ｌｏ
ped. <
/p>
C
ｈ
in
ｅ
se w
ｒ
it
ｉ
n
ｇ
be
ｇ
an
tho
ｕｓａｎ
ds
of
ｙ
e
ａ
rs
a
ｇｏ．
Ac
ｃ
or
ｄ
i
ｎ
g to an
ａ
nci
ｅｎ
t
s
ｔ
o
ｒ
y,
a ma
ｎ
n
ａ
med Cang
J
ｉ
e invented C
ｈ
in
ｅ
se writing.
One
ｗｉ
n
ｔ
er
ｄ
ay
ｗ
hile he
ｗａｓ
hunting, he
s
ａ
w the tracks of
animal
ｓ
ｉｎ
ｔｈｅ
ｓ
now
a
ｎ
d
observe
ｄ
< br>t
ｈ
a
ｔ
ｔ
he
ａ
ppearan
ｃ
e
ｏ
f
e
ａ
ch
o
ｎ
e
ｗ
a
ｓ
d
ｉ
ffere
ｎ
t.
Then
he
ｈａ
d
ｔ
he
idea
tha
ｔ
he
co
ｕ
ld
ｕ
se
di
ｆ
ｆ
ere
ｎ
t
s
ｈ
ａ
pes
ｔ
ｏ
represe
ｎ
t
ｄ
i
ｆ
ｆ
erent
objects
．
Ｔ
he
ｆｉ
rs
ｔ
Chinese
c
ｈａ
ra
ｃ
t
ｅ
r
ｓ
ｗ
ere
ｄ
rawin
ｇｓ
o
ｆ
ｐ
h
ｙ
sic
ａ
l
objects
．
S
ｏ
me
ｃ
haracters
hav
ｅ
ｂ
e
ｅ
n
ｓ
implified
ａ
nd
oth
ｅ
rs
ｈａ
ve
been
ma
ｄ
e
more
d
ｉｆ
ficul
ｔ
ｏ
ve
ｒ
<
/p>
t
ｉ
m
ｅ
.
H
ｏ
we
ｖｅｒ，
as a
wh
ｏ
le, the ch
ａｒ
ac
ｔ
er
ｓ
ｈａ
ve d
ｅ
vel
ｏ
ped
fr
ｏ
m
ｄ
r
ａ
wings
i
ｎ
to
stand
ａｒ
d
forms
．
T
ｈ
e
ch
ａ
racter for a mountain
wa
ｓ
at
f
ｉ
rst
thr
ｅ
e m
ｏ
un
ｔａ
in
ｔ
< br>ops
togeth
ｅ
r.
Ｔｈｉ
s
becam
ｅ
ｏ
ne
moun
ｔ
aintop
ａｎ
d three
ｌ
in
ｅ
s,
an
ｄ
o
ｖｅ
r
ｔ
ime turned
ｉ
ｎ
t
ｏ
the
cha
ｒ
acter
used
nowadays.
Ｎ
ot
all
c
ｈ
aracte
ｒｓ
wer
ｅ
develope
ｄ
fro
ｍ
drawings
of
ｏ
b
ｊ
e
ｃ
ts.
Some
ｔｉ
me
ｓ
to
ｅ
x
ｐ
ress
i
ｄ
eas
，
som
ｅ
ｃ
haracter
ｓ
were
m
ａ
de
b
ｙ
c
ｏ
mbining
ｔ
wo
ｏ
r
ｍ
or
ｅ
<
/p>
c
ｈ
aract
ｅｒｓ
t
ｏ
gethe
ｒ
. For
e
ｘ
ample,
'rest'
ｗａ
s
mad
ｅ
up of t
ｈ
e c
ｈ
a
ｒａｃ
ters
f
ｏ
r a man and a
t
ｒ
e
ｅ．
Ｔ
he
ｃｈ
a
ｒａｃ
ｔ
er
＇
pris
ｏ
ne
ｒ
' was
for
ｍ
ed
wi
ｔｈ
ａ
'ma
ｎ
'
i
ｎ
si
ｄ
e
a
ｓｑｕ
a
ｒ
e
．
Ot
ｈｅ
r
cha
ｒ
act
ｅｒｓ
wer
ｅ
developed
for
direct
ｉｏ
ns and
n
ｕｍ
bers.
Ｉ
t is easy to
distinguish
th
ｅ
ir m
ｅａｎ
i
ｎ
g
ｓ
by
loo
ｋ
i
ｎ
g at
ｔｈ
em, for
ｅｘ
amp
ｌｅ，
th
ｅ
ｃ<
/p>
haracter
ｓ
f
ｏ
r
＇
up'
and 'down'
，
ｗ
hich
are
ｏ
p
posite
ｓ
of
e
ａ
ch other.
Tho
ｕ
gh
the
ｓｅ
k
ｉ
nd
ｓ
ｏｆ
cha
ｒ
acter
ｓ
ind
ｉ
cate
ｍ
e
ａｎ
i
ｎｇ
s,
ｏ
n
ｅ
of
t
ｈ
e
ｉ
r sho
ｒ
tcomin
ｇｓ
is that
th
ｅ
y
ｄｏ
no
ｔ
show
ｈ
o
ｗ
they
ｓ
ho
ｕ
ld
be
pro
ｎ
ounc
ｅｄ．
Th
ｅｒ
e
ｆ
ore,
ａ
met
ｈ
o
ｄ
wa
ｓ
de
v
ｅ
lop
ｅ
d
to
ｈａｖ
e
ｏ
ne
p
ａ
rt of
a
ｃ
ha
ｒ
ac
ｔ
er in
ｄ
ic
ａ
te
the
meaning
ａ
n
ｄ
t
ｈｅ
ot
ｈ
er s
ｕ
g
ｇ
e
ｓ
t th
ｅ
pr
ｏ
n
ｕｎ
ciat
ｉ
on.
Ma
ｎｙ
Chinese
charac
ｔ
ers used today
we
ｒｅ
m
ａ
de
th
ｉ
s
way
．
I
ｎ
ｔ
he
19
５
0s
t
ｈ
e
Chine
ｓ
e
go
ｖｅ
r
ｎ
m
ｅ
nt
int
ｒ
oduced
s
ｉｍ
plif
ｉ
ed
Ｃ
h
ｉ
n
ｅ
se c
ｈ
a
ｒ
acter
ｓ<
/p>
and now
th
ｅ
y
have
widespread
us
ｅ
ｉ
n
Ch<
/p>
ｉｎ
a's
ｍ
ａ
i
ｎｌａ
nd.
Th
ｅ
s
ｔｏ
ry of
Br
ａ
ille
Us
ｕ
ally,
ｗ
hen
w
ｅ
t
ａｌ
k
abo
ｕ
t reading,
ｗ
e
thi
ｎ
k of
ｕ
sing
ｏ
ur
eyes
to
se
ｅ
l
ｅ
tter
ｓ
writ
ｔ
e
ｎ
i
ｎ
ink on
p
ａ
pe
ｒ
. H
< br>ｏｗ
e
ｖ
e
ｒ
, thi
ｓ
is n
ｏ
t
alw
ａ
ys true. For
ex
ａ
mple,
ｂｌｉ
nd
pe
ｏ
pl
ｅ
ｃ
annot
s
ｅ
e,
ｂ
ut
ｔ
hey
ｃａ
n
ｓ
till
re
ａ
d
ｂ
ooks.
The
ｍａｎ
who
ｉ
n
ｔ
roduc
ｅ
d
ｂ
lind
p
ｅ
o
ｐ
le
t
ｏ
ｒ
ead
ｉ
n
ｇ
wa
ｓ
Lo
ｕ
is
Brail
ｌ
e
（
18
０
9-1
< br>８
5
２
).
Braille
lo
ｓ
t
ｈｉ
s eye
ｓ
ig
ｈ
t
at the
ag
ｅ
o
ｆ
th
ｒ
ee
ａ
s a
ｒｅｓｕ
lt
o
ｆ
a
ｎ
inju
ｒｙ
.
When
he
wa
ｓ
ten,
he
w
ｅ
nt
to
ａ
ｓ
c
ｈ
o
ｏ
l
f
ｏｒ
the
blin
ｄ
in Pari
ｓ．
I
ｎ
those
ｄ
ays,
ｂ
ooks
ｆ
or
bli
ｎ
d
pe
ｏ
p
ｌｅ
u
ｓｅｄ
ｐ
ape
ｒ
ｐ
ressed
agains
ｔ
m
ｅｔ
a
ｌ
wire to form
ｌ
e
tt
ｅｒｓ．
Sin
ｃ
e
the meta
ｌ
wire
w
ａ
s heavy,
e
ａｃ
h
book we
ｉ
ghed as
much as 10
０
po
ｕ
nds
．
The
ｗ
h
ｏｌ
e
ｓ
yst
ｅ
m
w
ａｓ
no
ｔ
co
ｎ
ve
ｎ
i<
/p>
ｅｎ
t fo
ｒ
ｕｓ
e. Indeed,
ｔ
h
ｅ
sc
ｈ
ool
libr
ａ
ry
ｏ
nl
ｙ
had fo
ｕｒｔ
e
ｅ
n such
ｂ
oo
ｋ
s
in
ｉ
t.
In
1
８
21
，
a sol
ｄ
ier
visit
ｅ
d
ｔ
he
sc
ｈ
oo
ｌ
ａ
nd
ｓ<
/p>
h
ｏ
we
ｄ
the
ｓ
t<
/p>
ｕｄ
ents a
ｓ
< br>ys
ｔ
ｅ
m
for
p
ａ
s
ｓ
ing
m
ｅｓ
sage
ｓ
at
ｎ
i
ｇ
ht
ｄｕ
ring
ｔ
imes
ｏ
f
ba
ｔ
t
ｌｅ．
Hi
ｓ
ｓ
ys
ｔｅｍ
used
pa
ｐｅ
r
w
ｉｔｈ
ｓ
m
ａ
ll
，<
/p>
ｒ
aised
dots
tha
ｔ
ｃ
ould
be
ｆｅ
lt
wit
ｈ
t
ｈｅ
fingers.
Ｅａ
ch
l
ｅ
tter
of
the
a
ｌ
phabe
ｔ
was
r
ｅ
prese
ｎｔ
e
ｄ
ｂｙ
a
differ
ｅ
ｎ
t
ｐａ
ttern
ｗ
hic
ｈ
consisted
of
ｔ
w
ｅ
lve
dots.
T
ｈｅ
soldi
ｅ
rs
woul
ｄ
dra
ｇ
th
ｅ
ｉ
r
fin
ｇ
ers
o
ｖ
er
th
ｅ
ra
ｉｓｅｄ
d
ｏ
ts
ｔ
o
ｒｅａ
d
t
ｈ
e
me
ｓ
sage.
Whil
ｅ
the
s
ｔ
u
ｄ
en
ｔｓ
ｆ
ound
ｔｈ
e
so
ｌ
d
ｉ
e
ｒ
's id
ｅ
a
i
ｎ
teresting, the system
wa
ｓ
ｔ
oo
ｄ
i
fficu
ｌ
t
ｔ
o be of pra
ｃ
ti
ｃ
al use.
Howev
ｅ
r,
y
ｏｕｎ
g
L
ｏ
uis
B
ｒ
ai
ｌ
l
e
t
ｏ
o<
/p>
ｋ
ｔ
he
id
ｅａ
an
ｄ
ｗｏ
rked on
i
ｔ
.
At the a
ｇ
e of fi<
/p>
ｆ
t
ｅ
e
ｎ
,
h
ｅ
cr<
/p>
ｅａ
te
ｄ
a
sy
ｓｔ
em
w
ｉｔ
h
ｐ
ａ
t
ｔ
ern
ｓ
of
six
r
ａ
ised
ｄ
ot
ｓ
<
/p>
re
ｐ
resenti
< br>ｎ
g
e
ａｃ
h
ｌ
e
ｔ
ter.
'B
ｒ
ai
ｌ
l
ｅ＇
,
the
s
ｙ
s
ｔ
e
ｍ
for reading use
ｄ
tod
ａ
y
by
bl
ｉ
n
ｄ
people
ａ
round
t
ｈ
e
ｗ
or
ｌ
d,
was
th
ｕ
s
ｂ
orn.
The
ｂｌ
in
ｄ
can easily recognize B
ｒ
a
ｉ
l
ｌｅ
with t
ｈ
e
fingers. They ca
ｎ
als
ｏ
eas
ｉ
ly
writ
ｅ
ｉ
n
Ｂｒ
aille
w
ｉｔ
h
a
s
ｐ
ecial
ｔ
ypewri
ｔ
er
．
To
ｄ
a
ｙ，
ｉｔ
ｉ
s
the
most
com
ｍ
on
syst
ｅｍ
used
by
b
ｌ
ind
p
ｅ
o
ｐ
le
ｆｏ
r
r
ead
ｉ
ng
and
writing,
and
n
ｅ
arly
ｅ
very
l
ａ
nguag
ｅ
,
in
ｃ
ludin
ｇ
Ch
ｉ
nese,
has
its
ｏｗ
n
ｖ
e
r
ｓ
io
ｎ
ｏ
f
Ｂ
raille
ｆ
or
its
people to
ｕ
se
．
Unit
3
L
ｏｓｔ
civil
ｉｚ
ati
ｏ
n
ｓ
Day
１
,15
Jul
ｙ
I
ｆ
eel lucky to
h
ａ
ve
wo
ｎ
a
ｐ
lace on
< br>t
ｈ
i
ｓ
ｔ
ri
ｐ
.
We
a
ｒ
e in
I
ｔａ
ly now,
a
ｎｄ
tom
ｏ
rrow we
ａｒｅ
visi
ｔ
i
ｎｇ
Pompe
ｉ
i.
Ｎ
ext
we
ｅ
k we are
flying
ｔ
o
C
ｈｉｎ
a,
ａ
nd
goin
ｇ
t
ｏ
Loulan,
w
ｈ
ich is
k
ｎ
ow
ｎ
as
Chi
ｎ
a’s
Ｐ
om
ｐ
eii
< br>
in the
de
ｓ
ert.
Bot
ｈ
Ｐ
o
ｍ
peii
a
ｎ
d
L
ｏ
u
ｌ
an
b
ｅｃａ
me
ｌ
ost civil
ｉ
zat
ｉ
ons
l
ｏ
ng ago.
Day 2,16
July
Thi
ｓ
ｍ
orn
ｉｎ
g
ｗ
e
ａｔ
ten
ｄ
ed
ａ
lecture
a
ｂ
out
Pompe
ｉ
i. The city
ｗ
as
fou
ｎｄｅｄ
in
the
8
ｔ
h
centu
ｒ
y
B
Ｃ
.
Ｉｎ
89 BC, th
ｅ
Ro
ｍ
a
ｎ
s
to
ｏｋ
o
ｖ
er
<
/p>
Pompe
ｉ
i
．
It
then
becam
ｅ
a
< br>ｒ
i
ｃ
h
an
ｄ
bus
ｙ
cit
ｙ．
Near the
c
ｉ
ty was a
vol
ｃａ
no.
O
ｎ
24t
ｈ
A
ｕ
gust
ＡＤ
79,
t
ｈｅ
vol
ｃ
a
ｎ
o
er
ｕ
pted
an
ｄ
lava,
a
ｓ
h
and rocks
ｐ
oured
ｏ
ut
ｏ
f
it
onto
th
ｅ
ｓ<
/p>
urro
ｕｎ
ding
co
ｕｎｔ
r
ｙ
s
ｉ
d
ｅ
< br>.
It
con
ｔ
inued
to
er
ｕ
pt
ｆ
or
t
ｈ
e
nex
ｔ
ｔ
w
ｏ
day
ｓ
.
Man
ｙ
ｐｅ
ople
were
bu
ｒ
ied
aliv
ｅ
,
a
ｎ
d
so
wa
ｓ
ｔ
he
ｃ
i
ｔ
y
．
H
ｏ
w
ｕ<
/p>
nfor
ｔｕ
nat
ｅ
!