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Unit 2
Task 1
【答案】
A.
1) elephants
2) chimpanzees
3) giraffes
4) penguins
5) kangaroos
6) zebras
7) polar bears
B.
1) and a tail
2) big ears
【原文】
1) They live
in Africa and India. They have four legs and a
tail. They are very big and very strong.
They are intelligent, too. They have a
trunk and some of them have tusks. They sometimes
live for
70 years.
2) They live in Africa and
Asia. The
y are brown. They have arms
and legs, but they don’t have
a
tail.
Their
arms
are
very
long
and
they
have
big
ears.
They
are
good
climbers.
They
are
very intelligent, too.
3)
They live in Africa. They are very tall. They have
four legs, a tail and a very long neck. They
eat leaves and
twigs. They can run very fast. They are brown and
white.
4) They live in very cold
countries. They have wings, but they can’t fly.
They are good
swimmers.
They
eat fish. They are blue and white or black and
white.
5) They live in Australia. They
are red or gray. They have short front legs, long
back legs and a
very
long
tail.
The
back
legs
and
the
tail
are
very
strong.
They
can
run
very
fast.
The
females
carry their young in a pouch.
6) They live in Africa. They have four
legs and a tail. They have a beautiful coat with
black and
white or brown and white stripes. They
eat grass and plants.
7) They live in
very cold countries. They have four legs. They are
very big and very strong. They
have a
white coat. They can swim. They eat seals and
fish.
Task 2
【答案】
A.
1) The cheetah.
2) 170 km/h.
3) More than
100 km/h.
4) Because most animals run
on four legs.
5) Because we have
machines.
B.
1) F,
2) F,
3) T
【原文】
The fastest animal on land is the
cheetah. It can run at a speed of about 100
kilometres an
hour. The fastest bird in
the world can fly at 170 km/h, and the fastest
fish can swim at more than
100 km/h.
Human beings are not very fast. The
fastest man in the world can only run at about 40
km/h.
Many animals can run faster than
this. But most animals run on four legs. Four legs
are better than
two, aren’t they? Why
do we only have two legs?
Scientists say that we are more
intelligent than other animals because we stand on
two legs,
so
we
can
use
our hands
for
other
things.
We can pick
things
up
with
them.
We
can
use
tools.
Human beings have used tools for
millions of years. That is why our brains have
developed. That
is why we have become
the most intelligent animals in the world.
In
the
past
few
years,
we
have
made
all
kinds
of
machines.
We
have
made
cars,
ships,
aeroplanes and spacecraft. In these
machines we can travel faster than any
animal
—
by land, by
sea, or by air. We can even go to the
moon. No other animal has ever done that!
Task 3
【答案】
A.
1) Climate, lack of food and aliens
from outer space might be responsible for their
extinction.
2) No.
B.
B: might have gotten,
killed them off
A: may have run out of
food
B: could have been destroyed by
aliens
【原文】
A:
You know,
we’re studying dinosaurs in
science class.
It’s really
interesting.
B: Oh, yeah?
Hey, have you learned why the dinosaurs
disappeared?
A: Well, no one knows for
sure.
B: I thought it had something to
do with the climate. The temperature might have
gotten cooler
and killed them off.
A: Yeah, that’s one theory. Another
idea is that they may have run out of
food.
B: Uh-
huh.
And you know, there’s even a theory that they
could have been destroyed by aliens
from outer space.
A: That
sounds crazy to me!
Task 4
【答案】
1) The mayfly. A few hours.
2) They just do two things: finding a
mate and producing young.
3) We could
judge by its growth rings.
4) It was
kept for 152 years.
【原文】
For the shortest life, the first prize
must go to the mayfly, which typically lives only
a matter
of a few hours after it
emerges from its shell. Few mayflies live to see
the sun rise again. These
creatures
devote
their
whole
lives
to
a
single
desperate
mission:
finding
a
mate
and
producing
young. They
don’t even have
functional mouths and stomachs. They simply have
no time to eat. In
fact they have no
time for anything else.
The
record-holder
for
the
longest
life
may
be
the
Arctic
clam,
one
of
which
lived
quietly
underwater for 220
years. However it did not have any birth
certificate to prove this. One could
only judge by its growth rings.
If you insist on better documentation,
the oldest animal ever was probably a tortoise
that died
in
1918.
It
had
been
captured
already
full-grown
in
1766,
nine
years
before
the
American
Revolution began
and it died 152 years later as World War I came to
a close.
Task 5
【答案】
A.
People have different opinions on using
animals for research.
B.
1)
for
a. was tried first on
animals.
b. is dependent on
c. using unwanted animals.
2) against
a.
suffer
b. unnecessary
c. the same rights
3)
a. cell
culture
b. computer modeling.
【原文】
Every
year
about
17
million
animals
are
used
in
Laboratory
experiments.
But
in
many
countries today, a difficult question
is being asked: Do we have the right to use
animals in this
way?
People
who
are
for
using
animals
in
research
argue
that
the
use
of
animals
in
medical
research
has
many
practical
benefits.
Animal
research
has
enabled
researchers
to
develop
treatments
for
many
diseases,
such
as
heart
disease
and
depression.
It
would
not
have
been
possible to develop
vaccines for diseases like smallpox and polio
without animal research. Every
drug
anyone takes today was tried first on animals.
Future medical research is dependent on
the use of animals. Which is more important: the
life
of a rat or that of a three-year-
old child?
Medical
research
is
also
an
excellent
way
of
using
unwanted
animals.
Last
year,
over
12
million animals had to be killed in
animal shelters because no one wanted them as
pets.
However those who are
against it point out that the fact that humans
benefit cannot be used to
justify using
animals in research any more than it can be used
to justify experimenting on other
humans. Animals suffer a lot during
these experiments. They are forced to live in
small cages, and
they may be unable to
move.
Much of the research that is
carried out is unnecessary anyway.
Animals have the same rights as humans
do
—
to be able
to move freely and not to have pain
or
fear
forced
on
them.
Researchers
must
find
other
ways
of
doing
their
research,
using
cell
culture and computer modeling. There
should be no animals in research laboratories at
all.
Task 6
【答案】