大学英语六级考试真题和答案第三套

2021年2月17日发(作者：kern)

2015

年

6

月大学英 语六级考试真题（第三套）

听力同第二套

Part III

Section A

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Travel

websites

have

been

around

since

the

1990s,

when

Expedia,

Travelocity,

and

other

holiday

booking

sites

were

launched,

allowing

travelers

to

compare

flight

and

hotel

prices

with

the

click

of

a

mouse.

With

information

no

longer

36____

by

travel

agents

or

hidden

in

business

networks,

the

travel

industry

was

revolutionized,

as

greater

transparency

helped

37____ prices.

Today,

the

industry

is

going

through

a

new

revolution

—

this

time

transforming service quality. Online rating platforms

—

38____ in hotels,

restaurants,

apartments,

and

taxis

—

allow

travelers

to

exchange

reviews

and

experiences for all to see.

Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by

industry

39____,

but

by

the

very

people

for

whom

the

service

is

intended

—

the

customer. This has 40____

a new

relationship between

buyer and seller.

Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their

decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more

41____,

often

in

very

specific

ways,

which

creates

powerful

42____

to

improve

service.

Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly

bellboys

（行李员）

in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston,

the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories,

but in the websites' 43____ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.

The

impact

cannot

be

44____.

Businesses

that

attract

top

ratings

can

enjoy

rapid

growth,

as

new

customers

are

attracted

by

good

reviews

and

45____

provide

yet

more

positive

feedback.

So

great

is

the

influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable

online identity.

A) accountable

E) forged

I) persisting

B) capacity

C) controlled

G) occasionally

K) professionals

O) subsequently

D) entail

H) overstated

L) slash

F) incentives

J) pessimistic

N) spectators

M) specializing

Section B

Plastic Surgery

A better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacks

[A] A thin magnetic stripe (magstripe) is all that stands between your credit

-

card information and the bad guys.

And they've been working hard to break in. That's why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, law

enforcement

and

technology

companies

are

all

trying

to

stop

a

network

of

hackers

who

are

succeeding

in

stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than

100

million

accounts

at

Target,

Neiman

Marcus

and

Michaels

stores

were

affected

in

some

way

during

the

most recent attacks, starting last November.

[B] Swipe

（刷卡）

is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases

in a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit

-

, debit

-

（借记）

or prepaid

-

card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers'

point

< p>
-

of

-

sale

system—the

checkout

registers.

Hackers

then

sold

the

data

to

a

second

group

of

criminals

operating in shadowy comers of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and

being used for online purchases.

[C] The solution could cost as little as $$2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technology

used

heavily

outside

the

U.S.

While

American

credit

cards

use

the

40

-

year

-

old

magstripe

technology

to

process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV (short for

Europay,

MasterCard,

Visa)

that

employs

a

chip

embedded

in

the

card

plus

a

customer

PIN

(personal

identification number) to authenticate

（

验证）< /p>

every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the

correct

PIN

at

the

checkout,

the

transaction

gets

rejected.

(Online

purchases

can

be

made

by

setting

up

a

separate transaction code.)

[D] Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit

cards, it's all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nihon Report, an industry newsletter:

（凸

印）

it, the small envelop—all put together, you are in the dollar ra nge.

-

and

-

< br>PIN card currently costs

closer to $$3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs

should drop.)

[E] Multiply $$3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U.S. Then

consider that there's an estimated $$12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis' says Robertson. With 44% of

that in the U.S., American credit

-

card fraud amounts to about $$5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far

calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all

that plastic.

[F]

That

leaves

American

retailers

pretty

much

alone

the

world

over

in

relying

on

magstripe

technology

to

charge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explains

payments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology officer of CreditCall, an electronic

-

payments

company. The first and third are used by the bank or card issuer. Your vital account information lives on the

second track, which hackers try to capture.

for data,

[G]

Chip

-

and

-

PIN

cards,

by contrast,

make

fake

cards

or

skimming

impossible

because

the

information

that

gets scanned is encrypted

（加密）

. The historical reason the U.S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is

once superior technology. Our cheap, ultra

-

reliable wired networks made credit

-

card authentication over the

phone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was so

maddeningly

inefficient

and

expensive.

The

EMV

solution

allowed

transactions

to

be

verified

locally

and

securely.

[H] Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to a chip

-

and

-

PIN model.

(It's actually a hybrid

（混合体）

that will still have a magstripe, since most U.S. merchants don't have EMV

terminals.) Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.

[I] Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someone

uses your credit card fraudulently

（欺诈性地）

it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debit

cards

have

different

liability

limits

depending

on

the

bank

and

the

events

surrounding

any

fraud.

it's

available, the logical thing is to get a chip

-

and

-

PIN card from your bank,

-

founder of

.

pretty well too.

[J]

Retailers

and

banks

stand

to

benefit

from

the

lower

fraud

levels

of

chip

-

and

-

PIN

cards

but

have

been

reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure

（基础设施）

needed for the technology, especially if

consumers

don't

have

access

to

it.

It's

a

chicken

-

and

-

egg

problem;

no

one

wants

to

spend

the

money

on

upgraded point

-

of

-

sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers aren't carrying them

一

yet there's

little point in consumers' carrying the fancy plastic if stores aren't equipped to use them. (An earlier effort by

Target to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.) According to Gumbley, there's a

-

first mentality.

The logjam

（僵局）

has to be broken.

[K]

JPMorgan

Chase

CEO

Jamie

Dimon

recently

expressed

his

willingness

to

do

so,

noting

that

banks

and

merchants

have

spent

the

past

decade

suing

each

other

over

interchange

fees—the

percentage

of

the

transaction price they keep

-

rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers a chip

-

enabled

card

under

its

own

brand

and

several

others

for

travel

-

related

companies

such

as

British

Airways

and

Ritz

-

< br>Carlton.

[L]

The

Target

and

Neiman

hacks

have

also

changed

the

cost

calculation:

although

retailers

have

been

reluctant

to

spend

the

$$6.75

billion

that

Capgemini

consultants

estimate

it

will

take

to

convert

all

their

registers to be chip

-

and

-

PIN

-

< p>
compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target has

been hit with class actions

from hacked consumers.

well

-

known chain admitted to TIME.

[M]

The

card

-

payment

companies

MasterCard

and

Visa

are

pushing

hard

for

change.

The

two

firms

have

warned

all

parties

in

the

transaction

chain

一

merchant,

network,

bank

一

that

if

they

don't

become

EMV

-

compliant by October 2015, the party that is least compliant will bear the fraud risk.

[N]

In

the

meantime,

app

-

equipped

smartphones

and

digital

wallets—all

of

which

can

use

EMV

technology—are beginning to make inroads

（侵袭）

on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is testing an app

that

lets

you

use

your

mobile

phone

to

pay

on

the

fly

at

local

merchants—without

surrendering

any

card

information to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication, which could be encrypted with,

say, a fingerprint.

[O] Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if we

stick with magstripe technology.

-

edge

-

technology country is depending on a 40

-

year

-

old technology.

the

needle

on

chip

and

PIN.

Says

Robertson:

‘‘When

you

get

the

consumer

into

a

position

of

worry

and

inconvenience, that's where the rubber hits the road.