几个法律术语的翻译

叉讯问”为宜。

英文法律术语，

往往并无定译，

有各种各样的译法，

有时虽然有一个通用或常用的译法，

甚至是错误的。

这个问题 很值得我们翻译英文法律文件的人研究探

讨。首先应当重视，不要觉得无所谓、关系不大 ，随便找个词就用上。术语译得不准确，英

文法律文件是不可能译好的。

相关翻译

1

．

”

Affiliate

”

means

any

person

or

company

that

directly

or

indirectly

controls

a

Party

or

is

directly or indirectly controlled by a Party, including a Party

’

s parent or subsidiary, or is under

direct or indirect common control with such Party. For the purp

ose of this Agreement, “control”

shall mean either the ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the ordinary share capital of the

company carrying the right to vote at general meetings or the power to nominate a majority of the

board of directors of the Company.

for the purpose of this Agreement = in this Agreement

在本协议中

general meetings = shareholders general meetings

股东大会

“关联公司”指直接或间接 控制一方（包括其母公司或子公司）或受一方直接或间接控制，

或与该方共同受直接或间 接控制的任何人或公司。在本协议中，

“控制”系指拥有在股东大

会上有投票权的百分之五十（

50%

）或以上的公司普通股股 本，或拥有任命公司董事会多数

董事的权利。

2.

“Proprieta

ry

Know-

how”

shall

mean

processes,

methods

and

manufacturing

techniques,

experience

and

other

information

and

materials

including

but

not

limited

to

the

Technical

Information

and

Technical

Assitance

supplied

or

rendered

by

the

Lisensor

to

the

Lisensee

hereunder which have been developed by and are known to the Lisensor on the date hereof and/of

which may be further developed by the Lisensor or become known to it during the continuance of

this

Agreement

excepting,

however,

any

secret

know-how

aquired

by

the

Licensor

from

third

parties which the Licensor is precluded from disclosing to the Licensee.

“专有技术”指本协议签订之日，已由许可方开发和为许可方所知 ，和

/

或在本协议持续期

间可能由许可 方继一部开发和为许可方获知的工序、

方法、

生产技术、

经验及其他信息和资

料，

包括但不限于许可方 根据本协议向被许可方提供的技术信息和技术协助，

但许可方从第

三方获得的不允许向被许可方披露的任何秘密技术除外。

3

．

”

Proprietary Information

”

means the information, whether patenable or not, disclosed to the

CJV by neither Party or its Affiliates or disclosed by the CJV to either Party or its Affiliates during

the

term

of

this

Contract,

including

technology,

inventions,

creations,

know-how,

formulations,

recipes, specifications, designs, methods, processes, techniques, data, rights, devices, drawings ,

instructions, expertise, trade practices, trade secrets and such commercial, economic, financial or

3

other information as is generally treated as confidential by the disclosing Party, its Affiliates, or

the CJV

, as the case may be; provided that when such information is in unwritten or intangible

form,

the

disclosing

Party,

its

Affilates

or

the

CJV

shall,

within

one

month

of

making

the

disclosure,

provide

the

other

Party

and/or

the

CJV

with

a

written

confirmation

that

such

information constitues its Proprietary Information.

“专有信息”

指在本合同期内，

任何一方或其关联公司向合作经营企业披露的、

或合作经营

企业向任何一方或其关联公司披露的不论可否获得专利的信 息，包括技术、

发明、

创造、诀

窍、配 制、配方、规格、设计、方法、工序、工艺、数据、权利、装置、图样、知识、专门

知识 、商业惯例、商业机密以及披露放，其关联公司或合作经营企业（视情况而定）通常视

为 机密的商业、

经济、

财务或其他信息；

但是，

如果该等信息不是以书面或有形形式披露的，

披露方、其 关联公司或合作经营企业应在披露后一个月内，向另一方和

/

或 合作经营企业提

供该等信息系其专有信息的书面确认。

4.

“Encumbrances”

include any

option,

right

to

acquire,

right

of

preemption,

mortgage,

charge,

pledge, lien, hypothecation, title creation, right of set-off, counterclaim, trust arrangemnet or other

security or any equity or restriction (including any relevant restriction imposed under the relevant

law.)

“权力负担”包括期 权、收购权、优先权、抵押、押记、质押、留置、押汇、所有权的产生、

抵付权、反诉、 信托安排或其他担保、或股权、限制（包括有关法律规定的任何有关限制。

）

5. In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation fo this Agreement;

(b) words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa;

(c) words importing a gender include any gender;

(d) an expression_r importing a natural person includes any company, partnership, joint venture,

association, corporation or other body corporate and any governmental agency;

(e)

a

reference

to

any

law,

regulation

or

rule

includes

all

laws,

regulations,

or

rules

amendin,

consolidating or replacing them, and a reference to a law includes all regulations and rules under

that law;

(f)

a

reference

to

a

document

includes

an

amendment

or

supplement

to

,

or

replacement

or

novation of, that document;

(g) a reference to a party to any document includes that party’s successors and permitted assigns;

(h)

a

reference

o

an

agreement

includes

an

undertaking,

agreement

or

legally

enforceable

arrangement or understanding whether or not in writing;

(i) a warranty, representation, undertaking, indemnity, convenant or agreement on the party of two

or more persons binds them jointly and severally; and

(j) the schedules, annexures and appendices to this Agreement shall form an integral part of this

Agreement.

在本协议中，除非上下文另有要求，

（

a

）

标题仅为行文方便而设，

并不影响对本协议的解释

（

b

）

单数词包含其复数，反之亦然。

（

c

）

单一性别的词包含其各种性别

（

d

）

自然人的含义包括公司、合伙企业、合营企业、关联企业、法人团体或其他法人和政

府机构

4

（

e

）凡提到的任何法律、法规或条例，包括 修正、合并或替代该等法律、法规或条例的一

切法律、法规或条例，凡提到的某一法律， 包括根据法律项下的一切法规和条例。

（

f

）

凡提到的文件，包括该文件的修正件、补充件或替代件

（

g

）

凡提到的文件的一方，包括该方的继承人和被许可的受让人

（

h

）

凡提到的协议，包括承诺、约定或法律上可强制执行的安排或谅解，

无论是不是书面

形式

（

i

）

两人或两人以上的保证、陈述、承诺、赔偿、约定或协议，各人共同和分别受其约束

（

j

）

本协议的附表、附录和附件构成本协议不可分割的部分。

补充翻译练习

1. “Control ” means the power of any entity to direct the affairs of another entity whether by any

of the following means or otherwise:

(a) beneficial ownership of or entitlement to acquire shares or assets of the other;

(b) power to exercise voting rights in relation to the other;

(c)

power

to

appoint

members

of

the

supervisory

board,

board

of

directors

or

bodies

legally

representing the other; or

(d) power to operate, direct or manage the general affairs of the other

“控制权”< /p>

指任何实体，

无论是通过下列任一途径还是通过其他方式监督另一 实体的事务的

权利：

（

a

）

拥有另一实体股份或资产的受益所有权或收购另一实体股份或资产的权利；

< br>

（

b

）

行使与另一实体相关的投票权的权力；

（

c

）

任命合法代表另一实体的监事会、董事会或机构成员的权力；或

（

d

）

经营、监督或管理另一实体的一般事物的权力。

2.

“Technical

Information”

shall

mean

all

technical

data,

drawings,

designs,

formulae,

specifications,

processes,

methods

of

manufacture,

computer

programs

or

other

software

or

technical documents and similar intellectual property rights of or developed by the Lisensor as of

the date hereof or to be developed by the Licensor during the term of this Agreement relating to

the Product, including improvements hereto.

“技术信息”

指本协议签订之日，

或在本协议期间内许可方开发

< br>的与产品（包括产品的改进）有关的一切技术数据、图纸、设计、公式、规格、工序、生产

方法、计算机程序或其他软件或技术文件及类似知识产权。

3.

The headings used in this Contract are for ease of reference only, and in no event shall the

subtance

of

any

paragraph

or

the

intent

of

the

Parties

be

interpreted

or

controlled

by

such

headings.

本协 议中的标题仅为方便参考而设，

不得用于解释或控制协议任何条款的实质内容或各方的< /p>

意向。

4. References to:

(a) Clauses and Schedules are to clauses in and schedules to this Agreement (unless the context

otherwise requires) and the Recitals and Schedules to this Agreement shall be deemed to form part

of this Agreement;

5

(b) “person” shall include body corporate, unincorporated association and partnership (whether or

not having separate legal personality)

(c)

writing

shall

include

any

methods

of

producing

or

reproducing

words

in

a

legible

and

non-transitory form; and

(d) masculine gender shall include the femine and neuter and the singular number shall include the

plural and vice versa.

凡提到的：

（

a

）

条款和附件，

系指本协议的条款和附 件（除非上下文另有要求）

，且本协议的事实陈

述部分和附件应 被视为本协议的组成部分；

（

b

）

“人”

，包括法人团体、非法人社团和合伙企业（无论是否具有单独 的法律人格）

；

（

c

）

书面形式，包括任何以清晰和永久的形式产生或复制文字的方法；以及

（

d

）

阳性词，包括其阴性和中性形式，单数词包括其复数形式；反之亦然。

< br>

第五章

Entire Agreement, Amendment, and Language

完整协议、修改、语言

翻译技巧

增词

1

．增补原文隐含而没有名示的词

The

failure

of

either

party

at

any

time

or

times

to

require

performance

of

any

provision

hereof

shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.

任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，

< br>并不影响其以后强制执行该条款的

权利。

2

．增补能使词义更加明确的词

Specifically,

and

without

limiting

the

generality

of

the

foregoing,

Party

A

shall

bear

all

responsibility for any loses or damages suffered by Party B as a result of any mistakes, errors or

omissions caused by Party A in connection with the processing and packing of the Products.

特别是，

在不受前述一般性原则 限制的情况下，

因甲方加工和包装产品出错、

失误或疏漏而

使乙方遭受损害，甲方应承担一切责任。

3

．增补被省略的句子成分

This agreement shall take effect on the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of ten (10)

years.

This

Agreement

shall

be

automatically

renewed

for

one- year

terms

thereafter

unless

and

until teminated by either Party hereto by giving six (6) months

’

written notice to the other.

本协议自生效日起生效，有效期为十（< /p>

10

）年。此后，除非一方提前六个月向另一方发出终

1

）年。

最重要的是，

翻译要清楚明白，

不能让人看不懂或者产生歧义。

所 以可以根据需要增补所需

的词语。第一条和第三条似乎并没有太大的区别。

-----------------------------------

相关条款的翻译

the appendices to this Agreement shall be an integral part of this Agreement. This Agreement

and all its appendices shall constitute the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the

subject

matter

set

forth

herein

and

supersede

any

and

all

previous

oral

and

written

discussions,

6

negotiations,

notices,

memoranda,

documents,

agreements,

contracts

and

communications

between the Parties relating to such subject matter.

本协议的所有附件是本协议的不可分割的一部分。< /p>

本协议及其附件构成双方就本协议规定的

标的达成的完整协议，< /p>

并取代双方先前与该标的有关的一切口头和书面的洽谈、

谈判、< /p>

通知、

备忘录、文件、协议、合同和通讯。

With respect to = concerning

关于，就?而言

Herein = in this Agreement

在本协议中

terms

and

conditions

herein

contained,

including

the

Appendices

hereto,

constitute

the

entire

agreement

between

the

parties

hereto.

This

Contract

shall

supersede

all

previous

communications, either oral or written between the parties. Amendents modifying or extending the

Contract

shall

be

binding

upon

both

parties

only

if

in

writing

and

signed

by

a

duly

authorised

officer or representative of each party.

本合同所包含的条款和条件，

包括合同附件，< /p>

构成合同双方的完整协议。

本合同取代双方以

前所有的口头或书面通讯。

对合同所作的修改或扩充，

只有 采取书面形式并经双方正式授权

的主管人员或代表签署后，方能对双方有约束力。

Agreement,

entered

into

as

of

the

date

written

above,

constitutes

the

entire

agreement

between

the

Parties

relating

to

the

subject

matter

hereof

and

shall

be

in

addition

to

and

not

in

derogation of the provisions of the Supply Agreement. No terms or provisions of this Agreement

shall be varied or modified by any prior or subsequent statement, conduct or act of either of the

Parties, except that the Parties may amend this Agreement by written instruments referring to and

executed in the same manner as this Agreement.

在文首载明的日期签订的本协 议，

构成双方关于本协议标的的完整协议，

是对供应协议规定< /p>

的补充而不是减损。

任何一方均不得以先前或以后的声明、

举动或行为修改或变更本协议的

任何条款或规定，

但双方可以以本协议提及的和以本协议相同方法签署的书面文件修改本协

议。

As of = as from =

在?时候；

直到?

表示某事开始的时间或日期

eg. This new Contract takes

effect as of March 1, 2002

这份新合同

2002