文化英语翻译精编版

）时张蹇通西域，把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了

中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文

Chinese Silk

China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk

reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.

As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600-BC256BC), the Chinese

people

’

s silk- weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.

During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD),Zhang Jian ,an outstanding

diplomat ,traveled around central Asia and connected China with the

Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign

trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China

’

s silk became

well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color ,

and abundant cultural connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been

accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental

civilization.

Unit 2

中国园林

中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是

我国古 代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典

园林，能充分 领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系

中，中国园林历史悠 久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese Classical Garden

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient

Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which

systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and

buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a

Chinese classical garden is

“

artificial as it is, the garden must look

ingenious and natural.

”

When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical

garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which

“

makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains

and rivers foe viewers.

”

Of the world

’

s three major garden systems,

the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the

world

’

s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

Unit3

文房四宝

笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨

书写绘 画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦（前

221

——前

206

）时已用不同硬度的毛

和竹管制笔；汉代（前

206

——公元

220

）以人工制墨代替了天然墨； 有了纸张以

后，简牍锦帛逐失使用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。“文房四宝”到宋朝（

960

——

1279

< br>）以后特指湖笔（浙江湖州）、徽墨（安徽徽州）、宣纸（安徽宣州）、

端砚（广 东肇庆，古称端州）。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

The Four Treasures of the Study

The writing brush, inkstick, inkstone, and paper were requisite

treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are

often referred to as the

“

Four Treasures of the Study.

”

The writing

brush and inkstick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint

since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty(221BC-206BC),people already

used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.

During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of

natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese , bamboo slips,

wooden tables, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing

surfaces, gradually faded out. The inkstone was first developed with the

use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty(960AD-1279AD),the

“

Four Treasures of the Study

”

particularly referred to hubi, the

writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the inkstick

produced in Huizhou, Anhui province xuan paper, a kind of paper

produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province and duanyan, the inkstone made in

Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).

Indeed, the

“

Four Treasures of the Study

”

have written the whole

Chinese civilization, as it is.

Unit 4

对联

对联又称楹联或对子，是依中文语言一字一音的特征撰写的一种民族文体。中

国对联的哲 学深渊及深层民族文化心理，乃是古代中国人把握和认识事物的阴阳二

元观念。对联的特 征是“对仗”：字数相等，词性相同，平仄相合，内容相关，节

奏相应。对联习俗多样， 有春联、婚联、寿联、挽联、茶联等。

Antithetical Couplets

The antithetical couplet(also called duilian) is also known as yinglian

or duilian. An antithetical couplet is kind of national writing style,

which is composed by the skillful manipulation of the characteristic of

the Chinese language that one character corresponds with one syllable.

The philosophical origin and national cultural psychology of the

antithetical couplet are the notion of yin-yang duality, according to

which the Chinese recognize and master things. The feature of the

antithetical couplet is an

“

antithesis

”

: equal characters, the same

part of speech, the level and oblique fitting with each other, the

contents being related, and the rhythms corresponding. There are many

types of antithetical couplets, such as Spring Festival couplets,

marriage couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, and antithetical

about tea, etc.

Unit 5

中国围棋

中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“棋”特指围棋。围棋可谓中国的国棋。古称

为弈， 别称坐稳、手谈。围棋规则则简单而玄妙无穷。棋盘方圆不及二尺，有十九

纹棋路，三百 六十一枚棋子。表面上对弈双方是对黑白棋子的排布，实则是个人心

智、胆识、耐力的比 拼。围棋象征宇宙天地，包含了象数易理、兵法策略、治国安

邦等无穷的哲理，充分体现 了中国文化中的智慧与灵性。

Chinese Weiqi

The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and

painting. And chess particularly refers to Chinese Weiqi. Weiqi could be

called the national chess of China. In ancient times, Weiqi was called

Yi, with the alternative names Zuoyin and Shoutan. The regulations of

Weiqi are both simple and complex at the same time. A full Weiqi set has

361 playing pieces and is played on a board with a 19 by 19 grid. The

circumference of the board is less than 2/3 metre. Playing Weiqi may

look like an arrangement of two sides’ black and white

pieces .However ,it is actually a competition between two players and it

tests their wisdom, courage, and patience. Weiqi symbolized Heaven and

Earth. It contains countless philosophical theories, such as the

theories embodied in the image- numerology in The Book Of Changes, the

art of war, and theories on state administration and national security,

which embodies the wisdom and the spirit of Chinese culture.

Unit 6

中国京剧

京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏

剧，特 别是南方的“徽班”。到了

19

世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最 大的戏曲剧

种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打< /p>

（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色