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奈达翻译理论研究
A Study on Nida
’
s
Translation Theory
马会娟
著
English Abstract
T
his
book
makes
a
systematic
research
on
Nida’s
translation
theory,
clarify
some
misunderstandings
concerning
his
theory,
disclose
its
true
nature
and
explore
its
validity
and
limitations
in
literary
translations.
Examples
from
Today’s
English
Version and T
oday’s Chinese
Version of the Bible, which were translated,
following
Nida’s
translation
theory,
demonstrate
that
Nida’s
theory,
contrary
to
some
popular
wrong
assumptions,
is
applicable
to
translation
practice
between
foreign
languages
and
Chinese.
A
comp
arative
study
of
Nida’s
theory
and
Jin
Di’s
theory
is
made
to
reveal the similarities
and differences between the two theories, and the
reasons for
their
discrepancies
are
also
explored.
Examples
from
Jin’s
Chinese
translation
of
Ulysses
are
examined
again
st
the
principle
of
“equivalent
effect”.
This
book
also
explores the limitations of Nida’s
theory in literary translation, pointing out that
his
theory
fails
to
address
the
issue
of
transference
of
aesthetic
values
of
literary
work
into another language.
A
ttempts have been made to amend Nida’s
theory in respect of
transferring
aesthetic values of literary work by means of
“formal aesthetic markers”
and
“non
-
formal aesthetic
markers”, with aim of marking it more suitable for
literary
translation between Chinese
and English.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Reasons for further research on Nida’s
translation theory
His works
on translation set off the study of modern
translation as an academic field
(
Snell
—
Hornby, Heylen, Baker)
Before his theory was
introduced into China in the
1980s,
people mainly focused attention on traditional
Chinese theories, especially Yan
Fu’s
three—
character
principle of translation: faithfulness, smoothness
and elegance.
Since
Nida’s
theory
was
grounded
solidly
on
contemporary
d
evelopments
of
linguistics, communication theory,
information theory, semiotics and
anthropology,
Chinese
translation
scholars
took
great
interest
in
his
theory.
Chang
Namfung
summarizes
4
kinds
of
misunderstandings
regarding
Nida’s
theory
in
China:
1)
“Dynamic equivalence” is only an ideal
translation ctiterion
2)
Nida’s theory is unfit
to guide
translation practice between Chinese and
English because it grows
out of
translation
experience
among
Indo
—European
language
3)
Nida’s
takes
“reader’s
response
”
as
a
translation
criterion
in
evaluating
translation
4)
Nida
doesn’t
respect the cultural factors in the
source language and his
maintenance of complete
naturalization
in
translating
is
a
kind
of
cultural
hegemonism.
The
term
“equivalence”
in
Nida’s
theory
never
means
“identical”,
but
only
“substantially
the
same”.
“dynamic
equivalence”
is
founded
on
information
theory,
and
is
has
on
direct
relationship
with
“reception
aesthetics”
or
“reader
-
response
theory”
at
all.
Nida’s discussion about
kernels a
nd deep structures is based on
semantic level while
Chomsky
focuses
on
syntactical
level.
Nida’s
“science
of
translation”
is
totally
different from the debates of the
debate of whether “translation is a science or an
art”
occurring
among
some
Chinese
scho
lars.
When
Nida
talks
about
“science
of
translation”, what he means is that he
tends to “deal with the process of translation in
a scientific manner”, drawing on the
theories
of linguistics,
information and communication, etc.
1.2 A profile of Nida
1.2.3
His
academic
contributions
to
modern
linguistics
and
translation
Eric
M.
North,
the
former
General
Secretary
of
the
American
Bible
Society
of
the
American Bible society,
divides Nida’s academic activity into 4 phases on
his writings
in chronological order:
1) the phase of descriptive
linguistics, 1943
—
1951
2)
the phase of
cross
—
cultural
communication. 1952
—
1960
3)
the translation phase,
1961
—
1973
4)
the
semantic
phase,
1974
—
Message
and
Mission
was
the
most
significant
book of the
second phase. Gentzler suggested that it was in
this book that Nida first
outlined
his
translation
theory.
This
book
marked
the
beginning
of
the
third
phase.
In
the third phase, in the book, Toward a Science of
Translating, Nida first
advanced
the proposition of
“dynamic equivalence”, and the
three
-stage model of the translation
process
：
“analysis,
transfer and restructuring”. It is commonly agreed
that
Toward a
Science of Translating best summarizes
the various aspects of his translation theory.
For
Nida,
translating
means
translating
meaning.
The
most
representative
book
of
this phase was From One
Language to Another. In this book, Nida not only
further
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