-
1.
The definition of
linguistics
Linguistics
is
defined
as
the
scientific
study
of
languagejt studies not
any particular language, but
languages
in general.
Q
：
How
do
you
interpret
the
definition
of
linguistics?
(why
linguistics is scientific?)
★
1
」
inguistics studies not
any particular language,
but languages
in general.
★
2
」
inguistics
is
based
on
the
systematic
investigation
of
linguistic
dcrkt
conducted/with
reference
to
some
general
theory
of
language
siructure.(
< br>基于对语料库的系统调查
,
以关于语言结
构
的一般理论为指导
)
★
the linguist has
to do first is to
Observe and collect
language facts, which are found
to
display some similar
计
ies, and
generaliza
汁
ions
are made about them.
Then,
he formulates some hypotheses about the
language structure. But the hypotheses
thus
formed have to be checked
repeatedly against the
observed facts
to fully prove their
valid
计
y.
2.
The scope of
linguistics
1.
D
efinition
：
< br> general linguistics
The
study
of
language
as
a
whole
is
often
called
general linguistics.
Q
：
what are major
branches of linguistics? What
does each
study?
Phonetics
—
十
he study of sounds used in linguistic
commuication
Phonology
—
how
sounds
are
put
together
and
used
to convey meaning in communication.
Morphology
—
the
sounds
used
in
linguistic
communication
are
represented
by
symbols.
The
way
in
which
these
symbols
are
arranged
and
combined to form words
Syntax
-
--- the
combination of words to form
grammatically
permissible
serrtences
in
languages
is
governed
by
rules,
the
study
of
these
rules
is
syntax.
Semantics
—
the
study
of
meaning
is
known
as
semantics.
Praqmatics-the study of meaning in
context of
words
It is the
study of how speakers of a language use
sentences to effect successful
communication.
Interdisciplinary
branches of linguistic study
1.
sociolinguistics
2.
psycholinguistics
3.
applied
linguistics
4.
neurolinguistics
5.
historicallinguistics
6.
corpuslinguisitcs /.computational
linguistics
3.
distinctions in linguistics
1. prescriptive and descriptive
★
If a linguistic study aims
to describe and analyze
the language
people actually use, it is said to be
descriptive.
★
If
the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for
''correct and standard
behaviour in using language
0
★
Modern
linguistics is mostly descriptive.
onic
and Diachronic
★
The
description
of
a
language
at
some
point
of
time in
history is a synchronic study