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英文合同中的重点提示

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2021-02-16 19:22
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2021年2月16日发(作者:黑叶猴)


英文合同中的重点提示




(一)


Contract



Agreement


的区别




在英语中,合同一般称为


Contract


, 协议一般称为


Agreement.


1.


何谓“contract”?



xx


年中国《合同法》第二条对


con tract


定义为:


A


contact in this Law refers to an agreement


establishing



modifying and terminating the civil


rights and obligations between subjects of equal


footing



that is



between natural persons



legal


persons or other organizations“。根据这一定义, 合同是


平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。



Steven


编著的“Law Dictionary”中将


contract


定义为“contract is a promise,


or a set of


promises



for breach of which the law gives remedy




or the performance of the which the law in some way


recognize as a duty.”根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违


反承诺可以得到法律救助,某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做


是一种 补偿。




1





21




L.B Curzon


在其编撰的字典“A Dictionary of Law”给


contract


的定义:“Contract is a legally binding


agreement”根据这一定义,合 同就是有法律约束力的协议。



综合起来,有一个相同点,就是“Contract is an


agreement”,即可将合同说成是“An agreement which


binds the parties concerned”或者说合同说成是“An


agreement which is enforceable by law”,也可以说:


Contracts are promises that the law will enforce.


2.


何谓“Agreement”?



L.B “A consensus of mind,


or evidence of such


consensus



in spoke or written form



relating to


anything done or to be done .”根据这一定义,协议是对已


经做或准备做的相关事宜,经过谈判、协商后取得一致意 见,


以口头或书面形式做出的约定。



Black “Law Dictionary”有两个定义。一个是:“A


concord of understanding and intention between two or


more parties with respect to the effect upon their


relative rights and duties



of certain past or future


facts or performance”根据这一定义,协议即双 方或多方京


某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务


的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。




2





21




另一个是:“The consent of two or more persons


concurring respecting the transmission of some


property



right or benefits



with the view of


contacting an obligation




a mutual obligation.”根据


这一定义,协议即两个或多个当事人,为 了约定单方责任或相


互责任,就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意。



ct


(合同)和


Agre ement


(协议)是不是可以互


换呢?



合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。它们(要约和承诺构


成的)协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分


组成。


L.B Curzon


编著的“A Diction



of Law”提到:


“Contract generally involves”:



and absolute and unqualified acceptance


(要约和绝对接受);



sus ad idem


(意思表示一致,也叫


meeting


of minds


);



ion to create legal relations


(建立合同关


系的意愿);



eness of consent


(同意的真实性);




3





21




ctual capacity of the parties


(合同当事人


的缔约能力);



ty of object


(标的物的合法性);



ility of performance


(履行的可能性);



nty of terms


(条款的确定性);



le consideration


(等价有偿)。



Black 'Law Dictionary“ 中解释道:


Although often


used as synonyms with ”contract“,


agreement is a


broader term



agreement might lack an


essential element of a contact.”即“协议”和“合同”


经常用作同义词 ,但“协议”这一术语含义更广,例如协议可


能缺乏合同的必备条款(

< br>essential clauses/provisions


)。



实际使用当中,协议可不受必备条款的限制,而称为合同


的文体肯定少不了必 备条款,有的合同将其单列,称为一般条


款(


General provisions


)。



xx< /p>


中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款,分别


是:



or name and domicile of the p arities


(当事


人的名称或姓名和住址);



ct object


(标的);



ty


(数量);




4





21




y


(质量);



or remuneration


(价款或者报酬);



limit



place and method of performance


(履行期限、地点和方式);



ity for breach of contract


(违约责任);



s to settle disputes


(解决争议的方法)。



上述解释说 明,


contract


(合同)和


ag reement


(协议)


的概念虽然接近,但使用范围不同,不 能互换使用。合同是协


议的重要组成部分,所有合同一定是协议,而协议不见得都是


合同。可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是


合同。



(二)结构特点合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与< /p>


义务,是预防与解决争议的依据。合同英语行文慎密而准确,


历史 悠久,深含法律文化底蕴。



中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事 人的名称、姓名、住所或


营业场所,然后是合同正文,结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签< /p>


字、职务及签字日期。而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开


头:< /p>



This agreement/contract is made and entered in to


this ____ day of _____



month


),


_______



year



by



5





21




and between Party A


(hereinafter called “ Party


A ”)


and Party B


(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)



然后是开始陈述:



WHEREAS…THEREFORE…


It is hereby agreed as follows




或以:



WITNESSETH



WHEREAS…


NOW THEREFORE



for and in consideration of the


mutual covenants and agreements contained herein



the


parties hereby covenant and agree as follows




接着是正文,最后是证明部分:



IN WITNESS WHEREOF



the parties hereto have


hereunto set their hands the day and years first above


written.


随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字,签字日期一般在英文


合同最搬弄是非是找不 到的。



下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。



1.


新加坡



Agreement


THIS AGREEMENT is made the 9th day of August



xx


between LUCKY INTERNATIONAL LTD



a company



6





21




incorporated in Singapore and having its registered


office at Telek Blongar Rise



Singapore 19569


(hereinafter called “The Company”)


of the part and


JACK Wong



NRIC No._________ /A



of 108 Orchar Road




Singapore 01688


(hereinafter called “The Manager”)


of the other part. WHEREAS




company is engaged in IT business and


requires a person with the necessary qualifications


and experience to manage its business.


2.



NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows




company shall employ the Manager and the


Manager shall serve the Company as manager of the


Company's IT business for a period of two years


commencing on 1st day of September


2.



IN WITNESS WHEREOF



the parties hereto have set


their hand the day and year first above written. THE


SCHEDULE ABOVE REFERRED TO Duties of Manger



7





21




manage



maintain and promote the business of


the Company.


2.


3.


SIGNED by Roger Tan For and on behalf of LUCKY


INTERANTIONAL LTD


In the presence of


SIGNED by TERESA WONG


In the presence of


新加坡的通用合同分五部分:



第一 部分:称为


parties


,主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名


称,注册地


/


国及地址、邮编及各自在合同 的简称。开头框架


一般为:


THIS AGREEMENT is made the ----__________ day


of _____



month


),

____



year



between A _______


(hereinafter called “The Company”)


of the part and


B______


,(hereinafter called “The Manager”)


of the


other part.


句子开头


THIS AGREEMENT

< p>


CONTRACT


和当事人

的姓名和名称,都应大写。



当事人是自然人的,用“o f”和其后的住址相连;是法人


或非法人单位的,用“having its registered office at”


和其后注册地址相连。




8





21




第二部分:称为


recital.


以< /p>


WHEREAS


开头,进入叙述部


分,用 陈述正式说明当事人订立合同的原因。



第三部分:称为


habendum


,正文。具体约定当事人的权

利和义务。正文部分的结束段为:


IN WITNESS WHEREOF



the


parties hereto have set their hand the day and year


first above written.


这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字


盖章,特此为证”。

< br>


第四部分:称为


schedule

< br>或


addendum


,附录。是对前述

< br>合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。



第五部分:称为


attestation


,证明部分。当事人 如果自


然人,用“SIGNED by __” 英文写作翻译;连接后填写见证


姓名的表达部分“In the presence of ____”;当事人是法


人或非法人单位时,授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on


behalf _____ of____”,然后才是


In the presence of

< br>_______.


与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外,多了一

< p>


In the presence of _______


供证人签字之处。另一不同


的是合同订立日期没有放在合同最后,而是出现在 开头段的当


事人介绍部分。



第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达:



As Witness our Hands this _____day of _____



in


the year of our Lord Tow Thousand and One. Signed





9





21




sealed



and delivered by the above named In the


presence of Signature Address Occupation.


上述合同的格式很有代表性,其它英文格式与之相比大同< /p>


大异,有的合同中不含附录。



2.


美国



APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS


ADMINISTRATOR


AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of


September



xx between ______ of _____



address



(hereinafter referred to as “the Company”)


as one


part and Mr._______ of _______


address


)(


herei nafter


referred to as the Contractor



of the other part.


WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS




the Company shall …


agreement shall commence on



3.


4.


IN WITNESS WHEREOF



both parties set their hands


on the date herein mentioned


SIGNED BY Name





10





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