-
作用与意义
1.
重译法
：
为了明确、为了强调、为了生动
2.
增译法
：
为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯
3.
减译法
：
源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法
4.
词类转移法
：语言之间表达习惯的差
异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化
5.
词序调整法
：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变
6.
分译法
：
主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译
7.
正反翻译法
< br>：由于语言的习惯差异
---
正话反说，反话正说
8.
语态变换法
：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换
重译法（
repetition
）
：
In
the event of one of the contracting parties being
attacked by Japan or any other state allied with
it
and
thus
being
involved
in
a
state
of
war,
the
other
contracting
party
will
immediate
render
military and other
assistance with all means at its disposal.
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与
日本
同盟的任何国家
之侵袭，
因而处于战争状态时，
缔约
国
的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
A
large family has
its
difficulties.
大（家庭）有
大（家庭）
的难处。
Our old clothes and few
sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.
这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。
Lightly floats and drifts
the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.
舟遥遥以轻扬，风飘飘而吹衣。
Ridges of fields grow few and far
between,
While far away some cottages
are seen.
梯田渐渐稀，村舍遥遥对。
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最将难
息。
Seek, seek; search,
search;
Cold, cold; bare, bare;
Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.
Now warm, then like the autumn cold
again,
How hard to calm the heart!
增译法
(amplification)
Reading makes a full man; conference a
ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
Their host carved, poured,
served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed
health.
他们的主人家，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又
是扯谈啊，又是嬉笑
啊，又是敬酒啊，
没得歇停。
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined
equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
The magistrates are free to
burn down houses,
while
the common people are forbidden even to
light lamps.
交出翻
译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。
Before handling in
your
translation,
you have
to
read it over and over again and see if there is
anything in it to be corrected or
improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
I am looking
forward to the holidays.
我在等待假日
< br>的到来
。
减译法（
omission
）
A book
is useful.
书（是）有用（的）
。
These
developing
countries
cover
vast
territories,
encompass
a
large
population
and
abound
in
natural
resources.
这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。
要推迟战争的爆发，就要反对那样的绥靖政策，不管是军事的
、政治的、经济的绥靖，都要
反对。
To
delay
the
outbreak
of
war,
it
is
necessary
to
oppose
the
policy
of
appeasement
like
that,
militarily,
politically and economically.
If you give him an inch, he will take a
mile.
他会得寸进尺。
质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子
既不带阳电，也不带阴电
。
A proton has a
positive charge and an electron has a negative
charge, but a neutron
has
neither
.
词类转移法
(conversion)
The
volume of trade has increased tremendously to the
advantage of both countries.
贸易的
剧增
给两国带来了益处。
( V+ adv
?
adj + n )
What
kind of sailor are you?
你晕不晕船？
（
be a good/ bad
sailor
）
( adj+n
?
v)
Our age is witnessing a profound
political change.
我们的时代是深刻的政治变革的见证。
( V
?
N )
一定要少说空话，多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more
hard work.
(
adv+VO
?
adj + S )
It is impossible to live in society and
be independent of society.
生于社会，不能脱离社会。
( Adj
?
V )
Saud was
a
frustrated man
at that time.
沙特那时已经
受了打击
。
（
adj
?
V
）
No
wonder
the
sight
of
it
should
send
the
memories
of
quite
a
number
people
of
the
old
generation back 36 years ago.
难怪老一辈的许多人
见了这个
就会想到
36
年前的往事。
(
N+
of structure
?
VO )
我们在
20
年间坐视原料价格下跌，工业品价格暴涨。
For 20
years we
were passive witness
to
the deterioration of prices of our
raw materials and an
excessive increase
of the prices of manufactured goods.
( adj+n
?
adv+V )
词序调整法
(inversion)
短语层面：
Mr. Stevenson
史蒂文森先生
Mr. President
总统先生
Room 520
520
房间
The Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China
中共中央
ill-tempered
性情乖戾的
East China
华东地区
Major-General Mohammed Khan,
The First
Brigade,
The
Sixth Division,
Pakistan Army
巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德
*
汗少
将