-
关系代词
?
1
、
关系代词用来引导定语从句。
它代表先行词,
同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,
例如:
The girl
to whom I spoke is my cousin.
跟我讲话的姑娘是我
表妹。
(该句中
whom
既代表先行词
the girl
,又在
从句中作介词
to
的宾语。)
2
、关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之
分,
并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,
that
可指人也可指物,
见表:
指人
指物
which
指人或物
that
that
主格
who
宾格
whom
that
属格
whose
whose/of
which
of
which/whose
?
例如:
This is the pencil whose
point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose
指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语
)
He came back
for the book which he had forgotten.
他回来取他丢下的书。
(
whi
ch
指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
★关系代词的用法
1
、关系代词的句法功能
1
)关系代词在句中作主语
例如:
I prefer music that/which
has great lyrics
2
)关系代词在句中作宾语
例如:
I like music that I can
sing along with.
3
)关系代词在句中作表语
例如:
The house is not the one
(that) it used to be.
2
、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语
例如:
Is she the teacher whose
hair is very short?
3
、关系代词的用法
1
)
who
和
whom
的用法:二者都用于指人。
Who
在定语从句中作主语、宾语,
w
hom
在定语从句中作宾
语。
Whom
在从句中能坐介词的宾语,而
who
则不能。
例如:
I happened
to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at
a party
in the shopping center yesterday.
2
)
who
se
的用法:一般指人,有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。
例如:
I have got a friend whose
brother is training for the Olymoics.
3
)
which
的用法:一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。
例如:
The photo which we liked
best was taken by Zhao Min.
4
)
that
的用法:指人或物,指
人时可与
who
、
whom
互换,指物时可与
that
互换。在
从句中可作主语、宾语,还可作表语。
例如:
It is a book (that/which)
no one really likes.
4
、用
who
不用
that
的情况
1
)先行词是指人的不定代词时
例如:
Congratulations to our
winners and thanks to everyone who entered
the
competitions.
2
)先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时
例如:
The boy was crying hard
who lost his way while looking for his mother.
3
)用在
there
be
结构中。