2017年-考研英语二真题全文翻译解析(华明网校版)

2017

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题

Section I Use of English

Section I Use of English

Directions

：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

People

have

speculated

for

centuries

about

a

future

without

work.

Today

is

no

different

，

with academics

，

writers

，

and activists once again 1 that technology is

replacing

human

workers.

Some

imagine

that

the

coming

work- free

world

will

be

defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital

，

and the masses will

struggle in an impoverished wasteland.

A

different

and

not

mutually

exclusive

3

holds

that

the

future

will

be

a

wasteland of a different sort

，

one 4 by purposelessness

：

Without jobs to give their

lives 5

，

people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6

today’s unemployed don’t

seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans

who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression

，

double the

rate

for

7

Americans.

Also

，

some

research

suggests

that

the

8

for

rising

rates

of

mortality

，

mental-health problems

，

and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged

people

is

shortage

of

well- paid

jobs.

Perhaps

this

is

why

many

10

the

agonizing

dullness of a jobless future.

But

it

doesn’t

11

follow

from

findings

like

these

that

a

world

without

work

would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the

12 of being unemployed

in

a

society

built

on

the

concept

of

employment.

In

the

13

of

work

，

a

society

designed with other ends in mind could

14 strikingly different circumstances for the

future of labor and leisure. Today

，

the

15

of work may be a bit overblown. “Many

jobs are boring

，

degrading

，

unhealthy

，

and a waste of human potential

，

” says

John Danaher

，

a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.

These days

，

because leisure time is relatively

16 for most workers

，

people

use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional

17 of their jobs.

“When I come home from a hard day’s work

，

I often feel

18

，

” Danahe

r says

，

adding

，

“In

a

world

in

which

I

don’t

have

to

work

，

I

might

feel

rather

different”—

perhaps

different

enough

to

throw

himself

19

a

hobby

or

a

passion

project with the intensity usually reserved for

20 matters.

1.

[A] boasting

[B] denying

[C] warning

[D] ensuring

2.

[A] inequality

[B] instability

[C] unreliability

[D] uncertainty

3.

[A] policy

[B]guideline

[C] resolution

[D] prediction

4.

[A] characterized

[B]divided

[C] balanced

[D]measured

5.

[A] wisdom

[B] meaning

[C] glory

[D] freedom

6.

[A] Instead

[

B] Indeed

[C] Thus [D] Nevertheless

7.

[A] rich [B] urban

[C]working

[D] educated

8.

[A] explanation

[B] requirement

[C] compensation [D] substitute

9.

[A] under

[B] beyond

[C] alongside

[D] among

10. [A] leave behind

[B] make up

[C] worry about

[D] set aside

11. [A] statistically

[B] occasionally

[C] necessarily

[D] economically

12. [A] chances

[B] downsides [C] benefits

[D] principles

13. [A] absence

[B] height

[C] face

[D] course

14. [A] disturb

[B] restore

[C] exclude

[D] yield

15. [A] model

[B] practice

[C] virtue

[D] hardship

16. [A] tricky

[B] lengthy

[C] mysterious

[D] scarce

17. [A] demands

[B] standards

[C] qualities

[D] threats

18. [A] ignored

[B] tired

[C] confused

[D] starved

19. [A] off

[B] against

[C] behind

[D] into

20. [A] technological

[B] professional

[C] educational [D] interpersonal

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions

：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

（

40 points

）

Text 1

Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km

around

their

local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began

with

a dozen friends

and

has

inspired

400

events

in

the

UK

and

more

abroad.

Events

are

free,

staffed

by

thousands

of

volunteers.

Runners

range

from

four

years

old

to

grandparents;

their

times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an

hour.

Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic

on

Monday,

it

was

announced

that

the

Games

of

the

30th

Olympiad

would

be

in

London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to

level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,

healthier

and

produce

more

winners.

It

has

not

happened.

The

number

of

adults

doing

weekly

sport

did

rise,

by

nearly

2

million

in

the

run

－

up

to

2012

－

but

the

general

population

was

growing

faster.

Worse,

the

numbers

are

now

falling

at

an

accelerating

rate.

The

opposition

claims

primary

school

pupils

doing

at

least

two

hours

of

sport

a

week

have

nearly

halved.

Obesity

has

risen

among

adults

and

children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to

generation.

Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos

welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped

over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,

wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual

aim

was

mixed

up:

The

stress

on

success

over

taking

part

was

intimidating

for

newcomers.

Indeed,

there

is

something

a

little

absurd

in

the

state

getting

involved

in

the

planning

of

such

a

fundamentally

concept

as

community

sports

associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in

providing

common

goods

－

making

sure

there

is

space

for

playing

fields

and

the

money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these

activities

in

schools.

But

successive

governments

have

presided

over

selling

green

spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in

education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more

to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.

21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.

A

．

gained great popularity

B

．

created many jobs

C

．

strengthened community ties

D

．

become an official festival

22. The author believes that London's Olympic

A

．

boost population growth

B

．

promote sport participation

C

．

improve the city's image

D

．

increase sport hours in schools

23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.

A

．

aims at discovering talents

B

．

focuses on mass competition

C

．

does not emphasize elitism

D

．

does not attract first-timers

24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.

A

．

organize

B

．

supervise local sports associations

C

．

increase funds for sports clubs

D

．

invest in public sports facilities

25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.

A

．

tolerant

B

．

critical

C

．

uncertain

D

．

sympathetic

Text 2

W

ith so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about

their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky

in

her

study

of

digital

play,

digital

products

are

there

to

promote

maximal

engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed- over into the

family routine.”

Radesky

has

studied

the

use

of

mobile

phones

and

tablets

at

mealtimes

by

giving

mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices

during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal

interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones

became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails

while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.

Infants

are

wired

to

look

at

parents’

faces

to

try

to

understand

their

world,

and

if

those

faces

are

blank

and

unresponsive

—

as

they

often

are

when

absorbed

in

a

device

－

it

can

be

extreme

ly

disconcerting

foe

the

children.

Radesky

cites

the

“still

face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In

it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a

blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes

increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.

have

to

be

exquisitely

parents

at

all

times,

but

there

needs

to

be

a

balance

and

parents

need

to

be

responsive

and

sensitive

to

a

child’s

verbal

or

nonverbal

expressions of an emotional need,

On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of

screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shoul

d

always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very

white, very upper-middle-

class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child

to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a

child

isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it

－

particularly if it

gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their

child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or

get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be

more available to their child the rest of the time.

26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.

A

．

simplify routine matters

B

．

absorb user attention

C

．

better interpersonal relations

D

．

increase work efficiency

27. Radesky’s food

-

testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.

A

．

takes away babies’ appetite

B

．

distracts children’s attention

C

．

slows down babies’ verbal development

D

．

reduces mother- child communication

28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.

A

．

it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions

B

．

verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange

C

．

children are insensitive t

o changes in their parents’ mood

D

．

parents need to respond to children's emotional needs

29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.

A

．

protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies

B

．

teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year

C

．

ensure constant interaction with their children

D

．

remain concerned about kid's use of screens

30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.

A

．

give their parents some free time

B

．

make their parents more creative

C

．

help them with their homework

D

．

help them become more attentive

Text 3

Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with

increasingly

high

expectations

in

a

fast-moving

world

often

causes

students

to

completely

overlook

the

possibility

of

taking

a

gap

year.

After

all,

if

everyone

you

know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And

after

going

to

school

for

12

years,

it

doesn't

feel

natural

to

spend

a

year

doing

something that isn’t academic.

But

while

this

may

be

true,

it’s

not

a

good

enough

reason

to

condemn

gap

years.

There's

always

a

constant

fear

of

falling

behind

everyone

else

on

the

socially

perpetuated

“race

to

the

finish

line,”

whether

that

be

toward

graduate

school,

medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year

does not hinder the success of academic pursuits

－

in fact, it probably enhances it.

Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year

are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do

not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing

them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes

－

all things

that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen

the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new

environment,

making

it

easier

to

focus

on

academics

and

activities

rather

than

acclimation blunders.

If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,

then

consider

its

financial

impact

on

future

academic

choices.

According

to

the

National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up

changing

their

majors

at

least

on

ce.

This

isn’t

surprising,

considering

the

basic

mandatory

high

school

curriculum

leaves

students

with

a

poor

understanding

of

themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another

after

taking

college

classes.

It’s

not

neces

sarily

a

bad

thing,

but

depending

on

the

school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At

Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to

switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure

things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.

31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.

A

．

they think it academically misleading

B

．

they have a lot of fun to expect in college

C

．

it feels strange to do differently from others

D

．

it seems worthless to take off-campus courses

32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.

A

．

keep students from being unrealistic

B

．

lower risks in choosing careers

C

．

ease freshmen’s financial burdens

D

．

relieve freshmen of pressures

33. The word “acclimation”

（

Line 8, Para. 3

）

is closest in meaning to_____.

A

．

adaptation

B

．

application

C

．

motivation

D

．

competition

34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.

A

．

avoid academic failures

B

．

establish long- term goals

C

．

switch to another college

D

．

decide on the right major

35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.

A

．

In Favor of the Gap Year

B

．

The ABCs of the Gap Year

C

．

The Gap Year Comes Back

D

．

The Gap Year: A Dilemma

Text 4

Though

often

viewed

as

a

problem

for

western

states,

the

growing

frequency

of

wildfires

is

a

national

concern

because

of

its

impact

on

federal

tax

dollars,

says

Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $$5.5 billion

annual budget fighting fires

－

nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts

20

years

ago.

In

effect,

fewer

federal

funds

today

are

going

towards

the

agency's

other

work

－

such

as

forest

conservation,

watershed

and

cultural

resources

management, and infrastructure upkeep

－

that affect the lives of all Americans.

Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going

into

construction

in

fire-prone

districts.

As

Moritz

puts

it,

how

often

are

federal

dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?

“It’s

already

a

huge

problem

from

a

public

expenditure

perspective

for

the

whole

country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is

this

OK?”“Do

we

want

instead

to

redirect

those

funds

to

concentrate

on

lower-

hazard parts of the landscape?”

Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views

fire, researchers say.

For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past

decade, the focus has been on climate change

－

how the warming of the Earth from

greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.

While climate i

s a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the

rest of the equation.

“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions

go

both

ways,

he

says.

Failing

to

recognize

that,

he

notes,

leads

to

overly

simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of

what the solution is becomes very limited.”

At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly

controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University

of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude

crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,

she says.

“We’ve

disconnected

ourselves

from

living

with

fire,”

Balch

says.

“It

is

really

important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with

fire today.”

36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015

they_____.

A

．

exhausted unprecedented management efforts

B

．

consumed a record-high percentage of budget

C

．

severely damaged the ecology of western states

D

．

caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure

37. Moritz calls for the use of

A

．

raise more funds for fire-prone areas

B

．

avoid the redirection of federal money

C

．

find wildfire- free parts of the landscape

D

．

guarantee safer spending of public funds

38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.

A

．

public debates have not settled yet

B

．

fire-fighting conditions are improving

C

．

other factors should not be overlooked

D

．

a shift in the view of fire has taken place

39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.

A

．

discover the fundamental makeup of nature

B

．

explore the mechanism of the human systems

C

．

maximize the role of landscape in human life

D

．

understand the interrelations of man and nature

40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.

A

．

do away with

B

．

come to terms with

C

．

pay a price for

D

．

keep away from

Part B

Directions

：

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column

to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices

in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

（

10 points

）

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald

Trump.

own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,

and

further

trade

deals

raise

questions

about

whether

new

shocks

could

hit

manufacturing.

But there is also a different way to look at the data.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead

of

having

too

many

workers,

they

may

end

up

with

too

few.

Despite

trade

competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of

thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in

taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

For

factory

owners,

it

all

adds

up

to

stiff

competition

for

workers

－

and

upward

pressure

on

wages.

harder

to

find

and

they

have

job

offers,

says

Jay

Dunwell,

president

of

Wolverine

Coil

Spring,

a

family- owned

firm,

may

be

coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are

also

doing

an

well

as

manufacturing,

Mr.

Dunwell

has

begun

bringing

high

school

juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment

that his

father

cofounded

in

1980,

Robert

Roth keep

a

close

eye

on

the

age

of

his

nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college

students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $$13 an hour

that rises to $$17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by

the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first

week

on

the

job.

Asked

about

his

choice

of

career,

he

says

at

high

school

he

considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.

with tools. I love creating.

But

to

win

over

these

young

workers,

manufacturers

have

to

clear

another

major

hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great

Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials

mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,

Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western

Michigan.

These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17

million

in

1970

to

12

million

in

2013.

When

the

recovery

began,

worker

shortages

first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill

levels.

says

Rob

Spohr,

a

business

professor

at

Montcalm

Community

College.

enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need

to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is.

Julie

Parks

of

Grand

Rapids

Community

points

to

another

key

to

luring

Millennials

into

manufacturing:

a

work/life

balance.

While

their parents

were

content to

work

long

hours,

young

people

value

flexibility.

is

not

attractive

to

this

generation. They really want to live their lives,

[A]

says

that

he

switched

to

electrical

engineering

because

he

loves

working

with tools

。

[B]

points

out

that there

are enough

people

41

。

Jay Deuwell

to fill the jobs that don’t need much skil

l

。

[C]

points

out

that

the

US

doesn’t

42

。

Jason Stenquist

manufacture anything anymore

。

[D]

believes

that

it

is

important

to

keep

a

43

。

Birgit Klohs

close eye on the age of his workers

。

[E] says that for factory owners

，

workers are

44

。

Rob Spohr

harder to find because of stiff competition

。

[F]

points

out

that

a

work/life

balance

can

Parks

attract young people into manufacturing

。

[G]

says

that

the

manufacturing

recession

is

to

blame

for

the

lay-

off

the

young

people’s

parents

。

Section III Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into

Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10

points)

46.

My Dream

My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and

publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and

design

course

thinking

that

I

would

move

on

to

a

fashion

design

course.

However,

during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with

other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path

for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,

because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely

honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I

knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!

Section IV Writing

Part A

47

Directions:

Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese

culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to

1

）

Accept the invitation, and

2

）

Introduce the key points of your presentation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.

Do

not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.

Do not write the address .(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

You should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

2017

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案解析< /p>

答案速查：

1-5

CADAB

6-10

BCADC

11-15

CBADC

16-20

DABDB

21-25

ABCDB

26-30

BDDCA

31-35

CDADA

36-40

BDCBD

41-45

EAGBF

Section I Use of English

文章题材结构分析

本文选自

《大西洋月刊》

中

< br>7

月

28

日的题为“

a

Work-Free

World Be So Bad?

”的文章，主要描述对无需 工作的一种未来的设想

和分析

。

首段引 出猜想并设置质疑，

第二段指出人们对

“无业的未来”

感到焦虑可能的原因。

三、

四两段进一阐述和解 读无需工作的未来的

优劣。

试题解析

1.

【解析】

C

。动词词义辨析。作家学者警示人们技术会代替人 类劳

动。

boast

吹嘘、自负，

deny

否认，

ensure

确保，

warning

警示，警

告。

2.

【解析】