-
主谓一致
教案
一、语法一致原则
Reading
books in bed is a bad habit..
on the desk are two books .
二)意义一致原则
有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一
致关系就是意义一致。例如:
My family watch TV after supper.
The united
states is a developed country.
this pair of trousers costs fifty
dollars.
三)就近原则
有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
例如:
either my grandsons or their father is
coming.
There is some bread and some cakes on
the table.
二、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题
有些集合名词,
< br>class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,gro up,mob,staff,team, union committee,
这类名
词
作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循
“意义一致”原则。例如:
the present government is trying to
control inflation.
the school
staff are expected to supervise school meals.
(一)通常作复数的集体名词
包括
police,
people, cattle, militia,
vermin
等,这些集体名词通常用作复数。
例如:
(二)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
包括
baggage,
luggage, jewellery,
poultry
,
machinery,
equipment, furniture, clothing,
merchandise
等
all the machinery in the factory is
made in china.
四、以
-s
结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
p>
(一)以
-s
结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓
一致问题
如:
arthritis,
(关节炎)
bronchitis,
(肺炎)
measles
(麻疹)
diabetes,mumps,ph
lebitis,rickets,
这类以
-s
结尾
的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如:
measles usually occurs in children.
(三)以
-s
结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
如
the united
states
,
the netherlands
,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数。
例如:
但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动
词用作复数。
例如:
the himalayas have a
magnificent variety of plant.
the niagara falls are perhaps the most
splendid waterfall in the world.
(四)以
-ics
< br>结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以
-
ics
结尾的学科名称作主语时,如
physics,
mathematics, mechanics, politics statistics,
economics,
physics is a fundamental subject in
science.
the third world
economics is promising.
p>
(五)其它以
-s
结尾的名词的主谓一致问
题
3)
表示成双成套的名词,如:
chopsticks
(
筷子
),
compasses,
clothes,
glasses,
jeans,
scissors,
shoes,
socks,
trousers, gloves, sho
rts
等,
作主语时,
谓语动词通常用
复数形式;
但如与
a kind of, a pair
of, that pair of, a series
of
连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
two pairs of scissors are
missing from my tool box.
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