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人教版新目标英语八年级全册知识要点

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-15 23:23
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2021年2月15日发(作者:boscia)



[


人教版


]


新目标英语八年级上册知识要点




Unit 1






How often do you exercise?


重点语法:频率副词













询问别人做某事的频繁程度













提问用



How often


引导特殊疑问句













回答用



always, sometimes, twice a day


等频率副词。



例句:


A: How often do you watch TV?(


你多长时间看一次电视?


)








B: I watch TV every day


.(


我每天都看电视。


)








A: What's your favorite program?(


你最喜欢的节目是什么?


)








B: It's Animal World.(


是《动物世界》



)








A: How often do you watch it?(


你多长时间看一次这个节目?


)


主要频率副词的等级排序:







always(


总是


)


>


usually


(


通常


)


>


often(


经常


)


>


sometimes(


有时


)


>


hardly


ever(


很少


)


>


never(


从不


)


隔一段时间做某事数次用



数词



+


时间间隔



的结构构成。如:







once a week


一周一次


( “


一次



用特殊词


once)






twice a day


一天两次


(“


两次



用特殊词



twice)






three times a month


一个月三次


(


三次或三次以上用



基数词



+ times


的结构构成


)






four times a year


一年四次



重点短语:


how often


多久一次













as for


至于;关于













how many


多少(针对可数名词)













how much


多少(针对不可数名词)













of course = sure


当然;确信













look after = take care of = care for


照顾;照看













a lot of = lots of = plenty of


许多;大量













every day


每一天













every night


每晚













hardly ever


几乎不













be good for



……


有益













be good for one's health


有益健康













try to do sth.


尝试做某事













get good grades


取得好成绩













help sb. [to] do sth.


帮助某人做某事













kind of


有点













want [sb.] to do sth.


想要(某人)做某事













keep in good health


保持健康













No two men think alike.


人心各异。



Unit 2






What's the matter?


重点语法:询问别人如何感觉




1













了解人体器官和部位的英文名称













了解一些常见病的英文名称













告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做



例句:


A: What's the matter?(


怎么了?


)








B: I'm not feeling well.(


我感觉不舒服。


)I have a cold.(


我感冒了。


)








A: When did it start?(


什么时候开始的?


)








B: About two days ago.(


大约两天前开始的。


)








A: Oh, that's too bad.(


哦,这很糟糕。


)Y


ou should lie down and rest.(


你应该躺下休息。


)








B: Y


es, I think so.(


是的,我是这么认为的。


)








A: I hope you feel better soon.(


祝你早日康复。


)


重点短语:



have a cold


患感冒














shouldn't = should not













be stressed out


紧张的;有压力的














a few


有些;几个(针对可数名词)














a little [bit]


有些;几个(针对不可数名词)














at the moment


此刻;现在














What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem?


怎么了?














lie down and rest


躺下休息














see a doctor


看病














hope to do sth.


希望做某事














listen to















for example


举个例子














be good for



……


有益














it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth.


做某事(对某人来说)


……


(加形容词)< /p>














get tired


感到疲倦














stay healthy


保持健康














give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.


把某物给某人














need to do sth.


需要做某事



Unit 3






What are you doing for vacation?


重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态













强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行



例句:


A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(


林辉,放假准备干什么呢?


)








B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(


我要去西藏旅游一周。


)








A: That sounds interesting!(


这听起来很有趣。


)What are you doing there?(


你去那里准备干


些什么事?


)








B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(


我准备上山徒步旅行。


)How about you, Tony?(


你呢,


托尼?


)What are you doing for vacation?(


你放假准备干些什么呢?


)








A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(


我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。


)








B: Oh yeah?(


是吗?


)How long are you staying?(


你要去多久啊?


)








A: Just for four days.(


只去四天。


)I don't like going away for too long.(


我不想远走太长时


间。


)








B: Well, have a good time!(


祝你旅途愉快!


)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(


记得从


香港寄一张明信片回来!


)








A: Sure. Show


me


your photos


when


we


get back to school.(

< p>
当然。当我们再回学校的时


候,再看看你的照片。


)



2



重点短语:


how long


多久













get back = come back


回来













take a vacation = have a vacation


去度假













a lot = very much


很;非常













be going to do sth.


将要去做某事













sound + adj.


听起来


……


(加形容词)













sound like + n.


听起来像


……


(加名词)













have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself


玩得愉快













show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.


把某物给某人看













want to do sth. = would like to do sth.


想要做某事













plan to do sth.


计划做某事













spend sometime [in] doing sth.


花时间做某事













need to do sth.


需要做某事













ask sb. about sth.


询问某人某方面的事情













go shopping


去购物













leave for


离开去某地



Unit 4






How do you get to school?


重点语法:询问别人做某事的方式















How


引导特殊疑问句













其回答有多种方式,其中一种结构是



by doing sth.




by sth.


的结构。













询问两地的距离用



how far


引导特殊疑问句













回答用



be + (distance) + [away] + from


的结构。



例句:


A: How do you get to school?(


你如何去上学?


)








B: I take the subway


.(


我乘地铁去上学。


)








A: How far is it from your home to school?(


从家到学校多远?


)








B: It's three miles.(


有三英里远。


)








A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(


从家到学校需要花多长时间?


)








B: It takes 25 minutes.(


要花



25


分钟。


)


重点短语:


by bus = take the bus


乘公共汽车













how far


多远













depend on


依赖于













by boat = take the boat


乘船













look at














by train = take the train


乘火车













by bike = ride one's bike


骑车













by subway =take the subway


乘地铁













by plane = take the plane


乘飞机













on foot


走路













get up


起床













have breakfast


吃早饭













leave for somewhere


离开去某地













take sb. to somewhere


带某人去某地













half an hour = thirty minutes


半小时(三十分钟)













around the world = all over the world


全世界













get to school


到学校




3













think of


认为













on weekend


在周末



Unit 5






Can you come to my party?


重点语法:询问并请求某人做某事



例句:


A: Hey


, Dave.(


你好,


戴夫。


)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(


周六你能去看电影吗?


)








B: I'm sorry


, I can't.(


对不起,

< br>我不能去。


)I have too much homework this weekend.(


这个周


末我有太多作业要做。


)








A: That's too bad.(


这太糟了。


)Maybe another time.(


只好等下一次了。


)








B: Sure, Joe.(


当然,乔。


)Thanks for asking.(


谢谢你的邀请。


)


重点短语:


the day after tomorrow


后天













the day before yesterday


前天













come over


来访













study for a test


复习迎考













go to the doctor = see the doctor


看病













have to


不得不;必须(强调客观上)













must


不得不;必须(强调主观上)













help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth.


帮助某人做某事













too much + n.


太多(针对不可数名词)













too many + n.


太多(针对可数名词)













much too + adj.



……


(加形容词)













go to the movies


看电影













practice doing sth.


练习做某事













thanks for [doing] sth.


为(做)某事而感谢













go to the dentist


看牙医













be going to do sth.


将要做某事(该事已计划好)













will do sth.


将要做某事(该事尚未计划)













keep quiet


保持安静



Unit 6






I'm more outgoing than my sister.


重点语法:在两件或多件事物中进行比较













使用形容词的比较级和最高级













通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加



-er(



e


结尾的单词直接加


r



闭音节辅音字< /p>


母结尾双写辅音字母加


-er)


的结构构 成,最高级是在形容词前加



the


,形容词后加



-est(

< p>


e


结尾的单词直接加


s t



闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加


-est)


的结构构成。


(eg/ big → bigger


→ the biggest


形容词



big


的原级、比较级和最高级;


small → smaller → the


smallest


形容词



small


的原级、比较级和最高级


)












当一个单词有


3

个或以上音节时,


其比较级是在形容词前加



more


的结构,


其最高

< p>
级是在形容词前加



the


most


的结构构成。


(eg/


expensive



more


expensive



the


most


expensive


形容词



expensive


的原级、比较级和最高级;


outgoing → more outgoing → the most


outgoing


形容词



outgoing


的原级、比较级和最高级


)


例句:


A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping


是我的朋友。


)She's a little more outgoing than me.(


< br>比我性格要活泼开朗一些。


)








B: My friend is the same as me.(


我的朋友跟我一样。


)We are both quiet.(


我们都很静。


)








A: Do you look the same?(


你们长相相像吗?


)








B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(


不,我比她高一点。


)



4



重点短语:


more than


超出


……













in common


共同的













be good at = do well in


在某方面做得好













most of


大多数













in some ways


在某些方面













the same as



……


一样













make sb. + adj.


让某人(感觉)


……


(加形容词)













stop doing sth.


停止做某事













stop to do sth.


停止当前做的事去做另一件事













begin with



……


开始













each other


互相













enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time


玩得高兴













spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth.


花时间做某事













plan to do sth.


计划做某事













on a farm


在农场



Unit 7






How do you make a banana milk shake?


重点语法:描述一个过程













服从别人的指令













询问做某事的过程用



how


引导特殊疑问句













分步回答用



first(


首先


),


next(


接着


),


then(


然后


),


finally(


最后


)


等时间副词引导从


句。



例句:


A: How do you make fruit salad?(


如何做水果沙拉?


)








B: First cut


up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(


首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果


和一个西瓜。


)Ne xt


put


the


fruit


in


a


bowl.(


接下来把水果放到一个碗里。


)Then


put


in


two


teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(


然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。


) Finally mix it all up.(



后将它们放在一起搅拌。


)


重点短语:


turn on


打开(电 器)


[


闭合开关


]












turn off


关闭(电器)


[


断开开关


]












cut up


切碎













mix up


混合













add ... to ...



……


加到


… …














pour ... into ...


……


浇到


……


里面













put ... in ...



……


放到< /p>


……


里面













put ... on ...



……


放到


……


上面













a cup of


一杯













a teaspoon of


一勺



Unit 8






How was your school trip?


重点语法:一般过去时态



结构:主语



+


谓语动词的过去式



+


宾语









谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态









do/does


的一般过去时态形式:


did





Last


week


I


visited


my


aunt's


house.(






我去


我姑


姑家


玩了



)She


lives


in


California.(


她< /p>


住在加


利福


尼亚


州。


)The


weather


was


beautiful.(


那< /p>


儿的


天气


很好



)I


went


swimming.(


我去游泳了。


)



5



重点短语:


hang out


闲逛













sleep late


睡过头













take photos = take pictures


照相













have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself


玩得高兴













at the end of



……


的尽头













the class monitor


班长













a day off


一整天













go for a drive


开车兜风













have fun doing sth.


做某事很愉快













a bowl of


一碗













help sb. [to] do sth.


帮助某人做某事



一些不规则动词的原形和过去式:


hang → hung

































buy → bought

































sleep → slept

































read/ri:d/ → read/red/



Unit 9






When was he born?


重点语法:一般过去时态













谈论著名人物



例句:


A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(


查理斯


·


史密斯打嗝了多长时间?


)








B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(


他打嗝了



69


年零



5


个月。


)








A: When did he start hiccupping?(


他什么时候开始打嗝的?


)








B: He started in 1922.(


他从



1922


年就开始打嗝了。


)








A: When did he stop hiccupping?(


他什么时候停止打嗝的?


)








B: He stopped in 1990.(


他到



1990


年才停止打嗝。


)


重点短语:


too ... to ...

< br>太


……


以致不能


……

< p>












take part in = join


参加













because of


因为


……













major in


主修;专研













start doing sth.


开始做某事(该事已计划好)













start to do sth.


开始做某事(该事尚未计划)













spend sometime with sb.


花时间和某人在一起













spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth.


花时间做某事













see sb. do sth.


看见某人做某事(强调全局)













see sb. doing sth.


看见某人做某事(强调偶然性)



Unit 10






I'm going to be a basketball player.


重点语法:一般将来时态













do/does


的两种一般将来时态形式:


will do



be going to do












两种形式的区别:


will do


强调事情尚未计划好而即将做





























be going to do


强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做













本单元重点强调



be going to do


的形式。



例句:


A: What are you going to do next year?(


明年你准备干些什么?


)








B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(


我明年要上吉他音乐课。


)I really love music.(



很喜欢音乐。


)








A: Sounds interesting.(


听起来很有趣。


)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(


我明年要学



6



一门外语。


)


重点短语:


grow up


成长;长大













at the same time


同时













all over


遍及













all over the world = around the world


全世界













be going to do sth.


将要做某事













practice doing sth.


练习做某事













study hard


努力学习













take lessons


上课













sound + adj.


听起来


……


(加形容词)

< br>












sound like + n.


听起来像

< br>……


(加名词)













save money


存钱













buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb.


给某人买某物













buy sth. with the money


用钱买某物













write articles


写文章













learn to do sth.


学习做某事













get good grades


取得好成绩













play sports


运动













keep fit


保持健康













write to sb.


给某人写信













enjoy doing sth.


享受做某事



Unit 11






Could you please clean your room?


重点语法:委婉请求别人做某事













引导词用



can, shall, will


等情态动词的过去时态



例句:


A: Could I please use your computer?(


我能用一下你的电脑吗?


)








B: Sorry


. I'm going to work on it now.(


对不起,我正在忙着用电脑。


)








A: Well, could I watch TV?(


那么,我能看电视吗?


)








B: Yes, you can.(


是,你可以看电视。


)But you have to clean your room.(


但是是在你打扫


完 房间之后。


)


重点短语:


do the dishes = wash the dishes


洗碗













take out


取出













make one's bed


整理床铺













work on


从事;忙于













do chores = do housework


干家务













do the laundry = wash the clothes


洗衣服













take care of = care for = look after


照看;照顾













sweep the floor


扫地













fold one's clothes


叠衣服













go to the movies


看电影













get a ride


骑车













go to a meeting


开会













hate (to do/doing) sth.


讨厌做某事













like (to do/doing) sth.


喜欢做某事













invite sb. to somewhere


邀请某人去某地













go to the store = go shopping


购物




7













forget to do sth.


忘记做某事(该事尚未做)













forget doing sth.


忘记做某事(该事已做过)













give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.


把某物给某人













buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.


买某物给某人













on vacation


度假



Unit 12






What's the best radio station?


重点语法:在各事物间进行比较













用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级



例句:


A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(


你好,我是记者。


)Can I ask you some questions?(


我能问你一些


问题 吗?


)








B: Sure.(


当然可以。


)








A: What's the best clothing store in town?(


城里最好的服装店是哪一家?


)








B: I think Jason's is the best.(


我认为杰森服装店是最好的。


)








A: Why do you think so?(


为什么这样认为呢?


)








B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(


杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。


)


重点短语:


close to = near


靠近;接近













inexpensive = cheap


便宜的













clothing store


服装店













radio station


广播站













talent show


业余歌手演唱会













it is adj. [for sb.] to do sth.


做某事(对某人来说)感觉


……

(加形容词)













cut the price


打折













not ... at all = not ... in the slightest


一点也不













in fact


实际上













pay for



……


而付款













sth. cost sb. (money)


某人花钱买了某物













good/well → better → the best


形容词



good /


副词



well


的原级、比较级和最高级













bad/badly → worse → the worst


形容词



bad /


副词



badly


的原级、比较级和最高级



















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