-
交际用语归纳
1.
喜欢与厌恶表达用语归纳
喜好和厌恶(
likes and dislikes
)直接表达了一个人的情感和态度。究竟是喜欢还是不喜
欢,要根据具体
情况把你的真实情感明白地表达出来,而且表达厌恶时要注意委婉含蓄。
[
典型表达
]
I like / love the dinner
you prepared yesterday (very much).
我(非
常)喜欢
/
喜爱你昨天准备
的晚餐。<
/p>
I like / love
to write poems in my spare time.
我喜欢在业余时间写诗歌。
I quite like the story written by the
famous professor.
我很喜欢那位著名教授写的故事。
I really enjoy reading English novels.
我确实喜欢看英文小说。
I am fond of listening to popular music
like many young people.
像许多年轻人一样,我喜欢
听流行音乐。
To tell the truth,
I?
m rather keen on science
fictions.
说实话,我对科幻小说颇有兴趣。
I don?t like to play
football after
supper.
我不喜欢晚饭后踢足球。
I dislike being treated
like that.
我不喜欢被那样对待。
I hate to laugh at
others when they are in
trouble.
我讨厌在别人处于困境时嘲笑他们。
[
案例探究
]
—
__________
—I?m fond of playing
table tennis.
A. Do you like sports?
B. Which sport do you like best?
C. Playing table tennis
is fun.
D. Is playing
table tennis your favorite thing to do?
答案与解析:
B.
本题考查表示喜好的交际用语。答语是:我喜欢打乒乓球。说明对方问
的
可能是:你最喜欢什么运动
?
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—Walking
an hour every day is good for one?s
health.
—
Certainly.
However,_______.
A. I love doing it very
much
B. I don?t hate it
C. I don?t like to do it every
day
D. climbing a mountain is
also good
2.
—
_______. Did you do it
yourself?
—I?m glad you like it. My sister did it
for me.
A. I don?t think
so
B. I like your new hair
style
C. I have no idea
D. You look
nice today
3.
—
Which would you rather
have, tea or coffee?
—
__________
A. Neither,
thank you.
B. Yes, both.
C. Why not?
D. Sure, I would.
Key:1-3 CBA
就医表达用语归纳
英语中看病这一交际项目有着各种不同的表达方式。看病时要真正做到
“
你有来言,我有
去语
”
就得掌握下列内容。
[
典型表达
]
1.
医生询问病人的用语:
What?s the matter / trouble with
you
?
What?s
wrong with you
?
What?s your
trouble
?
你怎么了
?
2.
病人应答语:
There's something wrong with my
back.
我背疼。
I have
(
got
)
a headache. / My head
aches.
我头疼。
I have got a
cough.
我咳嗽。
I have got a pain
here.
我这儿疼。
It hurts here and there.
到处疼。
I don?t feel well today.
我今天感到不舒服。
3.
医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语:
Let me take your
temperature.
让我给你量体温。
It?s n
othing
serious.
没有什么严重的。
You?ll be all right
soon.
你很快就会好的。
You had better ask for a leave and have
a rest for a few
days.
你最好请假休息几天。
Drink more water and have a good rest.
多喝点水好好休息。
Take these pills 3 times a day.
这些药一天服三次。
[
案例探究
]
—
I feel sick,
doctor.
—
__________
—
I am not sure, but I have
got a bad headache.
A.
How long have you been sick?
B. I'm sorry to hear that.
C. How are you feeling now?
D. Do you have a fever?
答案与解析:
D.
根据下文病人的答语
I am not sure
可知医生问的是
< br>“
你发烧吗
?
”
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—
_____.
—
There is a pain in my
chest
,
and I cough a lot.
A. How are you?
B. You'd better stop
smoking.
C. What's wrong
with you?
D. What can I
do for you?
2.
—
I have a serious
stomachache.
—
______.
A. Take it easy.
B. It doesn't matter.
C. That's OK.
D. Really?
Key
:
1-2 C
A
责备和抱怨用语归纳
在对方做错了事或者没有能够做好某事的时候
,
我们可能会去责备或者抱怨。值得注意的
是,
语气要委婉。当我们受到别人的责备或者抱怨时,我们也要表示歉意。
[
典型表达
]
He is to blame.
他应负责任。
She blamed him for the traffic
accident.
她为交通事故责备他。
He shouldn't have done
it.
他本不该干那件事的。
Why can't you do something about it?
你为何不能为那件事出点力
?
—He couldn?t find the
place.
他找不到那个地方。
—
You told him how to get
there
,
but
perhaps you should have drawn a map.
你告诉
了他如何
去,但是也许你本应画张地图。
[
案例探究
]
—I was really anxious
about you. You shouldn?t have left without a
word.
—
________
A. Why not?
B. Really?
C.
I don?t know.
D. I?m terribly sorry.
答案与解析
D.
做了错事理应表示歉意。
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—You
shouldn?t have chosen that kind of book
for me.
—
_______
A. Oh,
don?t complain about
a gift.
B.
Sorry. I?
ll give you a better one next
time.
C. What?s wrong
with you
?
D.
What can I do for you?
2.
—
How could you
say that?
—_______ I
didn?t mean to hurt you.
A. Excuse me.
B. I won?t regret.
C. I?m really
sorry.
D.
That?s all right.
3.
—
Everyone
blames Dick for breaking the window.
—
_______ He was busy doing
his homework then.
A.
It?
s unfair.
B. He is to blame.
C. Why not?
D. Not surprising.
Key
:
1-3 BCA
约会表达用语归纳
清清楚楚地表达所要约会的时间和地点,明明白白地进行预定的活动。
[
典型表达
]
Are you / will you be
free this afternoon?
你今天下午有空吗
?
How about tomorrow
morning?
明天上午怎么样
?
Shall we meet at the school
gate?
我们在校门口见面好吗
?
Yes
,
I?ll be free
then.
好,那时我有空。
No
,
I won?t be
free then. But I?ll be free tomorrow.
不行
,
那时我没空儿。但是我明天有空。
All right. See you then.
好,那时见。
How about going for a drink together?
一起去喝一杯怎么样
?
What time shall we go?
我们什么时间去
?
[
案例探究
]
—
When shall
we meet, at 6:00 or at 6:30?
—
________.
A. At any time
B. You make the time
C. Well, either time will do
D. Any time is OK
答案与解析:
C.
此题题干中的信息词是
at
6
:
00 or at 6
:
30,
表示两个时间概念。答语中的
any
p>
不合适,因为
any
指三者或三者以上中的
任何一个。
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—
Hello
,
may I have an
appointment with the doctor?
—
_________
A. Sorry. He is busy at the moment.
B. Why didn't you call
earlier?
C. Certainly.
May I know your name?
D.
Sorry. He doesn?t want to see you.
2.
—I?ll meet
you outside the cinema in an
hour
,
OK?
—
___________.
A. No, 2 hours earlier
B. Yes, that's a good
idea
C. OK, but I can
manage
D. No, I don't
think so
3.
—
____________?
—
OK. Let's meet at the usual
place.
A. Would seven
thirty be all right for you
B. Would you like to know where we will
meet
C. Would you let me
know when we all meet
D.
Would you mind meeting at the usual place
Key
:
1-3 CBA
告别表达用语归纳
学会用地道的英语来表达我们的离别之意。
[
典型表达
]
I?m afraid I must be
leaving now.
我恐怕得告辞了。
I must be off
now.
我必须得走了。
It?s time I met my brother. I have to
go now.
是我去见我哥哥的时候了,我现在得走了。
I?m sorry I have to go
now.
对不起我得走了。
I think it
?s time for us to
leave now.
我想现在是我们告辞的时候了。
It was nice meeting you.
=Nice to have met
you.
遇见你真是太好了。
[
案例探究
]
—It?s getting late. I?m
afraid I must be going now.
—
OK. _______
A. Take it easy.
B. Go slowly.
C. Stay longer.
D. See
you.
答案与解析:
D.
客人道别,主人同意,然后道别。
Take it
easy
的意思是别紧张。
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—I?
m afraid I have to say
goodbye to you.
—
_______.
A. I?m sorry
B. That?
s all right
C. Never mind
D. I wish you could stay longer
2.
—It?s
late. I?
d like to say goodbye.
—
_______.
A. Please stay more a
while
B. That?s all
right
C. Hope
you had a good time. See you tomorrow
D. I?ll miss you
Key
:
1-2 DC
道歉表达用语归纳
1.
歉意用语表达常识在不同场合及不同情景中,道歉用语必须符合英美国家的习惯和礼
节
,
语气既不能太强,
太生硬,
太矫揉造
作,
又不能太拘谨,
太直率。
否则我们
会感到尴尬。
◆
求人原谅小过失的道歉用语,
“sorry”
表示给人造成了麻烦或冒犯了别人时,
表示歉意,
语气较重,
常用的修饰副词有,
so
,
very
,
dreadfully
,
awfully
等。
例:⑴
—
Oh
!
I`m so
sorry.
呀!抱歉得很。
Did I hurt you much?
我把你伤的很厉害吗
?
—
That`s all
right.
那没关系。
⑵
I am very sorry to give
you trouble.
我因烦扰你向你道歉。
⑶
I`m
dreadfully sorry
,
but I`ve
broken a plate.
抱歉极了,我打破了一只碟子。
⑷
I`m awfully sorry
,
but I seem to have mislaid
your books.
非常抱歉,
我似乎误放了你的
书。
◆<
/p>
对某事有意去做或有意不做道歉用语
“excuse”
它表示请人原谅,麻烦别人,打扰别人
,打断别人的话需要中断一下。语气较弱。
例:⑴
Excuse me for being
late.
原谅我来晚了。
⑵
Excuse
me
,
can you tell
me the way to the station ?
劳驾,你能告诉我去车站的路吗
?
⑶
Excuse me interrupting
you.
请原谅我插言。
⑷
Excuse .
(
两个人同行,一人要小便、须向对
方道歉,在宴会上有人要上厕所,只要
说一声
Excuse
大家就明白对方要去干什么。)
◆
缓后道歉用语
“apology”
指对已经做的或应做而未做的事情而言(如:我得罪过
你,我向你辞谢,后来碰到你时,
我向你道歉。)
例:⑴
I
apologize to you for my rudeness .
我因我的粗鲁而向你道歉。
⑵。
I must
(
or have to
)
apologize for
not answering your letter in time
.
我没早回复你的
信,向你道歉。
◆
缓解语气道歉语
“afraid”
如果做错某事或严重失职要告诉对方,
既能使对方容易接受又不至使其太惊慌,
p>
通常使用
“afraid”
,有时东西遗失
了,撞到了,打破了,等也使用
afraid.
例
⑴
I?
m afraid I have broken
your cup .
恐怕我打破了你的杯子。
⑵
I?
m very much afraid I have
burned a hole in the rug .
真对不起,
我在地毯上烧了一个洞。
⑶
I?m afraid I?
ve spilt ink
all over the table
—
cloth
.
我恐怕墨水溅满了你的桌布。
◆
恳求道歉语
“pardon”
表示未听清对方所说的话,要求重说一遍或严重的失职
请求宽恕时使用。
例:
⑴
I beg your pardon?
请您再说一遍好吗
?
⑵
He said to his master,
“Pardon me
,
sir.”
他对主人说,
“
请宽恕我,先生。
” He
begged his
master to pardon
him.
他请求他的主人宽恕他。
2
、
道歉用语的句子结构在英语会话中表示歉意的句子结构起着
不可忽视的重要作用,也是
高考考察的一个方面。
◆
转折语气
< br>“but”
结构
Excuse
及
sorry
表示歉意的句子中,
bu
t
后是一个转折分句,
but
语
气比较弱,句子翻译成汉语时
but
一般不翻
译出来。
例:
⑴
Excuse me for breaking in? _______ I have some
news for you .
A. so
B. and
C. but
D. yet
(答案
C.
)
⑵
I?m sorry
,
but I
don?t
think I can make it to the party
tonight .
对不起,
我想我今晚不能参加
集会。
⑶
——
Sorry, but I di
dn?
t quite
catch that .
对不起,我没完全听清楚你的话。
——
I said: can I give you a
lift?
我是说;我能使你上我的车吗
?
◆
sorry
+
不定式结构例:⑴
I?
m sorry to trouble you.
对不起,打扰你。
⑵
I?m sorry to
say that I cannot
.
对不起,我不能。
⑶
I?
m
sorry to be late .
对不起,迟到了。
◆
介词
“for”
表原因结构⑴
Excuse me for coming so late .
原谅我来迟了。
⑵
I?m sorry for
what I said
.
我因我说的话感到惋惜。
(
3
)
I
apologize for my lateness .
我因我的迟到表示歉意。
(
4
)
I
beg your pardon for disturbing you .
请宽恕我对你的打扰。
(
5
)
You should apologize to him for what
you have done .
你因所做的事而向他道歉。
◆
主从复合句结构例:
⑴
I?m afraid I have made a
mistake
.
恐怕我犯一个错误。
⑵
I?m sorry I?m
late for dinner
.
对不起,吃饭来晚了。
p>
3.
道歉语的回答谈话的一方表示歉意、另一方表示请他不要介意,
安慰他,请他放心,常
用
That?s all
right
.
那没关系。
It?s all right
.
没关系。
Oh,
that doesn?
t
matter.
哦那没关系。
Oh
don?
t worry about that
.
哦那没什么。
Of course not.
当然不。
No, certainly not.
当然不。
Oh, never mind about that
.
哦那没关系。
Don?t think any more
about it
.
不要想那件事了。
等
用语。
总之,我们对表示道歉语的使用要从情景入手,要合情合理、恰如其分。
1.
—
We missed you
at this morning?
s meeting, Diana.
—
______,
but if
I hadn?t had to meet a friend
, I would
have been there.
A. Me,
too
B.
I?
m sorry
C.
Never mind
D. Thank you
2.
—
I?m terribly
sorry I broke your glass.
—
______.
A. That?
s right
B. Bad luck
C. Sorry
D. You
can forget it
[
答案与解析
< br>]
1. B.
p>
理解题干中
miss
(没有看到)的确切含
义是解本题的关键,听话者必须对自己缺席
会议道歉,并解释原因。
2. D.
当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时,你就可以说
Forget
it
(没关系、不必在意),
It?s nothing /
all right
(没关系)
或者
I
never liked it anyway
(我根本不太喜欢这东西)
,
这样,
给他一个台阶下,从而打破尴尬局面。
p>
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—
Oh
dear
!
I?
ve just
broken a window.
—
______. It
can?t be helped.
A. Never mind
B. All
right
C.
That?
s fine
D. Not at all
2.
—
I?m sorry I?
m calling you so
late.
—
______ okay.
A. This is
B.
You
?
re
C. That?s
D. I
?
m
Key
:
A
C
介绍表达用语归纳
[
典型表达
]
May I introduce you to
my friend Hang Kai?
我可以把你介绍给我的朋友杭凯吗
?
Please allow me to introduce you to my
classmates.
请允许我把你介绍给我的同学。
I
?
d like you to
meet my friend
,
Maria.
我想请你见一见我的朋友玛利娅。
May I introduce myself?
I?m
Jim Green
.
我做一下自我介绍好吗
< br>?
我是杰姆
?
格林。
How do you do?My
name is Cui
Hengbiao.
你好,我是崔恒标。
I
?
m Kate. Happy
to know you.
我是凯特,很高兴认识你。
I
?d like you
to meet Jim. He?s a friend of
mine.
我想请你见一下吉姆,他是我的一个朋友。
[
案例探究
]
—
Hi
,
I
?
m your new
neighbor. My name is David.
—
_________
A. Do you live alone?
B. Where are you from?
C.
Hi
!
It
?s good to
see you. I?m George.
D. Oh
,
you are my
new neighbor.
答案与解析
C.
本题考查介绍的口语交际用语。对方说出了是新邻居并做了自我介绍,
你
也要问候并做出自我介绍。
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—
Let me introduce myself.
I
?
m Vincent.
—
__________.
A. What a pleasure
B. It?s my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D.
I
?
m very pleased
2.
—
Kate
,
this is Susan
Jones
,
my old school friend.
—
Nice to meet you.
—
_________.
A. Nice to meet you
B. Me, too
C.
It?s my pleasu
re to meet you
D. Thank you
3.
—
Peter
< br>,
this is my classmate Li Hua.
—
_________
A. How are you?
B. How do you like me?
C. How do you do?
D. Thank you.
Key
:
1-3
CAC
问路表达用语归纳
[
典型表达
]
Excuse me. Where is the
Pacific Hotel?
对不起
,
请问太平洋宾馆在哪儿
?
Go down this street
until you see the tall
building.
沿着这条路走,直到你看到那个高楼。
Does this road lead to
the Agriculture Bank of China?
这条马路到
/
通向中国农业银行吗
?
No. Turn right at
the first
crossing.
不,在第一个十字路口向右拐。
Excuse me. Which is the
way to the No. 1 Middle School?
打扰一下
,
请问哪条路到一中
?
You can take
No.503 bus.
你可以乘
503
路公交车。
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to
the airport?
打扰了。你能告诉我去飞机场的路吗
?
It's over there. It's in
that direction.
在那儿
,
< br>就在那个方向。
Can you tell me how to get to the
People's Park?
你能告诉我怎么去人民公园吗
?
Sorry
,
I don't
know. I'm a stranger
here.
对不起,我不知道。我也是刚来这儿。
[
案例探究
]
—
Excuse me,
can you tell me where the nearest bank
is
,
please?
—
______ Oh yes
!
p>
It
?
s past the
office, next to a big market.
A. Mm
,
let me
think.
B. Oh, I beg your pardon?
C.
You
?
re welcome.
D. What do you mean?
答案与解析
:A.
本题考查问路情景中的口语交际用语。此题题干中的信息词是
Oh yes
!表
明说话者有一个思考的过程。意思是
“
哦,让我想想。
”
[
巩固练习
]
1.
—
_________
—
It
?s only about
ten minutes?
walk.
A. Hello
,
can you
tell me the way to the station?
B. Turn left at the traffic lights.
C. Shall I take a bus?
D. Is it far from here?
2.
—
Excuse me, can you tell me
how to get to the airport?
—
_________.
A. Certainly, you can take No. 3 bus
B. No, I
don
?
t know how
C. Yes, you could go by bus
D. Along this road
3.
—
Excuse me,
could you tell me if there is a hospital near
here?
—
_________
A. Why not?
B. No, I
couldn
?
t.
C. Sorry,
I?m a stranger
here myself.
D. My pleasure.
Key
:
1-3
DAC
询问表达用语归纳
1
、请求允许和应答
第一:
A.
提出请求
May /Can /could I use
p>
(
borrow/take/ask/see
)
…
?
(
我可以用
/
借
/
问
/
看
……
吗
?
)
I wonder /I am wondering if…
?
(不知道我能否
……
?
)
Would
you please…
?
(能请你
…
…
吗
?
)
Do you think …
?
(你是否认为
……
?
)
B.
回答请求
①
同意
Sure./Certainly./Of
course. / By all means./ Yes,
do please. / Here you are. / Help
yourself.
(可以
/
当然
/
拿去
/
请便。)
②
回绝
I'm afraid…
(我恐怕
……
)
I'm sorry,
but…
(对不起
,
但是
……
)
I'm sorry you can't.
/You'd better not.
你最好别这样。
「典型示例」
1
)
-Could I borrow your car for a few
days?
- ______.
A. Yes, you may borrow.
B. Yes, go on.
C. Sure, here you are.
Enjoy your journey.
D.
It doesn't matter.
答案:
C
2
)
-I
wonder if I could use your computer tonight?
- ______I'm not using it
right now.
A. Sure, go
ahead.
B. I don't know.
C. It doesn't matter.
D. Who cares
答案:
A
第二:
A.
提出请求
Do / Would you mind if I
/ my doing…
(你是否介意
……
?
)
B.
回答请求
①同意
No, I
don't mind./ Of course not. / Not at all.
(不介意。
/
当然不介意
/
一点也不介意)
Please do./ Go ahead, please./
OK.
(行
,
做吧。)
②不同意
Yes, I
do.
(我介意)
「典型示例」
1
)
-Would you mind
changing seats with me?
- ______
A.
Yes, you can.
B. Of
course, I like to.
C.
No, I don't mind.
D.
Certainly, please do.
答案:
C
2
)
-Do you mind my
smoking here?
- ______
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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