翻译的定义

翻译漫谈

[ M] .

西安

:

陕西人民出版社

, 1984 .

Jeremy Munday:

The term translation has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product(the

text that has been translated) or the process(the act of producing the translation, otherwise known

as

translating).

The

process

of

translation

between

two

different

written

languages

involves

the

translator

changing

an

original

written

text

(the

source

language

or

ST)

in

the

original

verbal

language (the source language or SL)into a written text (the target language or TL).

------------- Jeremy Munday, 2001 Introducing Translation Studies Theories and applications

Mary Snell Hornby:

Translation

is

no

longer

a

process

simply

between

the

source

and

the

target

texts

with

the

translator alone in between, but a communicative interaction, a cross- culture event, and a whole

complex of action involving team-work among experts, from the client to the recipient, whereby

the translator plays his own role as experts.

--------Mary Snell Hornby, 2001 Translation Studies An integrated approach

Chistiane Nord:

Translation is defined as translational action based on some kind of text. The expression

'some

kind of text' indicates a broad concept, combining verbal and nonverbal elements, situational clues

and 'hidden' or presupposed information.

-----Chistiane

Nord,

2001

Translation

as

a

Purposeful

Activity:

Functionalists

Approaches

Explained

Susan Bassnett :

Translation is, of course, a rewriting of an original text

?

.

-------- Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, 1992 Translation History Culture A Source Book

]

Susan Bassnett :

A

translation

is

not

a

monistic

composition,

but

an

interpenetration

and

conglomerate

of

two

structures. On the one hand there are the semantic content and the formal contour of the original,

on

the

other

hand

the

entire

system

of

aesthetic

features

bound

up

with

the

language

of

the

translation.

--------Susan Bassnet, 2002

G

.Toury:

（以色列著名翻译理论家）

A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such

within the target culture , on whatever grounds .------

C. Nord:

（德国著名的翻译理论家）

Translation

is

the

production

of

a

functional

target

text

maintaining

a

relationship

with

a

given

source

text

that

is

specified

according

to

the

intended

or

demanded

function

of

the

target

text

(translation skopos).--------

J .C .Sager:

（符号学派，著名的翻译理论家）

Translation is an externally motivated industrial activity , supported by information technology ,

which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this form of communication.

------

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威尔斯：

（德国交际翻译理论的探索者）