分词作状语用法小结

分词作状语用法小结

在高中英语语法中，非谓 语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。

而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌 握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理

解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助， 下面就分词作状语的用法

作以下总结。

分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以

表时间，原因 ，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的

分词短语有时可由连词< /p>

while

或

when

引出。

（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状

语）我们先来 了解一个它的各种形式变化：

主动式

被动式

现在分词

一般式

doing

being done

完成式

having done

having been done

过去分词

done

1.

现在分词的一般式：现在分词 所表示的动作与句中谓语动词所表示

的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如：

I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse.

Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy.

He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.

Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.

从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达 的是：分词与

句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被 动

式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被

动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：

< br>

Being a student, he was interested in books.

Being very small, computers are widely used.

Being tired, I

can’t

go on walking.

2.

现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表 示的动作或

状态之前就已发生。例如：

Having done the work, he went home.

Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow

vegetables

Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

Having

been

deserted

by

his

guide,

he

could

not

find

his

way

through the jungle.

从以上例句中我们可以看出，

现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：

分词与句中

主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，

先于谓 语动词发生。

而其完成被动式却表示分词与

句中主语构成逻辑上 的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。

3

．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于

谓语动词之 前就已发生。例如：

Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke.

The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students.

Given a chance, I can surprise the world.

Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in

the United States.