限定词、代词

central determiners

例

词

例

句

all,

both,

half;

/

double,

He

has

such

a

funny

twice,

three

times;

/

?,

character.

such a

冠词，指示代词，物主，

Half his lecture is dull.

2

2

中位限定词

:

表示

< br>―

特指，泛指

‖

等

3

post-determiners

后位限定词

:

表示

< br>―

顺序和数量

‖

不定，名词属格

):

a,

the;

/

this;

/

my;

/

any,

each,

either/

what(ever),

which(ever), / Mary‘s‘;

two

/

second,

next

/

another

/

many,

much,

a

few,

the

fewest,

more,

most / several, such / a lot

of, a great number of,

I saw both the boys there.

They want at least double

their salaries

One-third that meat is bad.

All

the

first

immigrates

can

live in new houses.

His

many

friends

usually

speak highly of him.

such beautiful flowers

5.

冠词的用法

类别

冠词

the

定冠词

用法

1.

特指

the teacher

2.

最高级

the biggest

3.

世界独一无二的事物

the sun

4.

方向

in the north

5.

计量单位

by the month

6.

序数词

the fourth line

7.

年代

in the 1990s

8.

专有名词

the United States

9.

弹奏乐器

play the piano

10.

当姓指一家人时

the Smiths

11.

当用形容词指一类人时

the young

12.

习语

表示“一个”

，

“每个”

1.

称呼

waiter, president

2.

三餐饭

dinner

3.

运动，颜色，游戏

swimming, skating, red

4.

有些建筑物

school, college

5.

交通工具

by car

6.

节日

Spring Festival

7.

街道名称

Huderson Road

8.

抽象名词、物质名词

music, wood

9.

疾病

heart attack

10.

学科

mathematics

11.

四季，月份

summer, May

12.

习语

day by day, arm in arm, at home

a / an

不定冠词

〇冠词

Main points of definite determiners

不定限定词

Warming up

Give the names of each determiner:

e.g. What does this word mean?

I bought a house whose window faces south.

John‘s

brother gave my sister a lot of records, some tapes, three song books and a CD player.

This is the second time for him to do so.

Their house is about three times the size of ours.

他们的房子大约是我们房子的三倍。

1. Classification of determiners

:

1) articles : a, an, the,

3

2) possessive determiner (adj.) : my,

mine

3) genitive noun

名词属格

: John

‘

s, my father

‘

s

4) demonstrative determiner

指示

: this, these, such

5) relative determiner

关系：

whose, which

6) interrogative determiner

疑问

:what, which

7) indefinite determiner

不定

: no, each, either, neither, some, any, all, half, many, a few, a little, enough, another

8) cardinal and ordinal numeral : 66, the second

9) Multiplicative

倍数词

and fractional numeral

分数

: three times, twice, 2/3

10) quantifier

量词

: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large number of

2. Collocations

between determiners and nouns

1)

With

singular

N-sin.

only:

与名词单数搭配

e.g. Each one of us was asked what went on.

我们每个人都被询问了发生了什么事。

Because of typhoon neither shipment will arrive this week.

Neither statement is true. (are -- informal)

But: Neither of the books is of any use to me.

可搭配的词：

each / neither / many a / such a

+ (

N-sin.

)

2)

With both

N-sin. / N-pl

:

与单数

/

复数搭配

e.g. The first immigrants from Three Gorges arrived yesterday.

(

可搭配的词：

the first, the second, the last, the next)

The second quiz is in October.

(the first) + N-pl,

(the second) + N-sin

3. Word order of definite determiners

限定词的的顺序

Order

—?

pre- determiner + central determiner + post- determiner

‘:

the order of the three determiners

‘

前位

-

中位

-

后位限定词 ’的顺序

(

See p64

)

Do exercise 6C

限定词

例

词

例

句

1

pre-determiners

all, both, half; / double, twice, three

He has such a funny character.

前位限定词

:

times;

/ ?,

“

such (a) + N

”

表示

“全部，

倍数，

分数”等

2

articles,

demonstrative,

possessive;

genitive

(

冠词，指示代词，物主代

Half his lecture is dull.

central determiners

词，不定代词，名词属格

)

:

I saw both the boys there.

中位限定词

:

a,

an,

the;

/

this,

that,

these,

those;

/

They want at least double their salaries

表示“特指，泛指”

my,

your;

/

some,

any,

no,

every,

One-third that meat is bad.

等

each,

either,

enough;

/

what(ever),

which(ever),

whose;

/

Mary

‘

s,

my

friends

‘

;

3

one,

two

/

first,

second,

next,

last

/

All

the

first

immigrates

can

live

in

new

post-determiners

other,

another

/

many,

much,

a

few,

houses.

后位限定词

:

few,

little,

a

little,

the

fewest,

the

His

many

friends

usually

speak

highly

of

表示“顺序和数量”

least,

more,

most

/

several,

such

/

him.

plenty

of,

a

lot

of,

lots

of,

a

great

such beautiful flowers

number of, a large amount of

Note:

When

such

is

used

with

―

some,

any,

no,

all,

few,

one,

another,

one

such

‖

,

such

should

be

used

as

post-determine.

We CAN

‘

T say

―

some of such

…

..

‖

; while

―

some such

‖

is OK.

e.g. A single parent, one of many such people in the neighborhood.

单亲，这地区附近有许多这样的人

I want some such books.

4

There is no such book. (none of such books X ) / There is no such a book (informal)

All such books should be burned up.

Have you ever met any such man?

Every such person is good for the community.

I need 3 such novels.

Few (Many) such dogs are no sale.

4.

each, every

1

）

each, every

这两个词都有“每个”的意义

, each

强调各别、各个，而

every

强调“全部、都”

e.g. He gave each boy an apple.

他给每个孩子一个苹果。

From each according to his ability, to each according to his work.

各尽所能，按劳分配。

The sun shines every day.

每天都是阳光灿烂。

He is only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearly every country.

他只有

41

岁，而他已经几乎到过一切国家。

2) each

一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个； 而

every

则通常用于指三个或三个以上的人或物中

的一个。如：

e.g. Trees have been planted on each side of the road.

路的两旁都已种上了树。

Every child in the class passed the examination.

班上所有的学生考试都及格了。

3)

注意

each

与动词位置的关系：

e.g. They each had their problems.

They had each his own problem.

5. such

1)

such

修饰单数名词时，置不定冠词前；修饰复数名词时，置名词前。

e.g. He‘

s such a man.

他就是这么一个人。

I have been involved in many such courses.

我参加过许多种这样的课程。

2)

若名词前有

one

< br>，

no

，

any

，

some

，

all, many

等，

such

则置该词后。

e.g. every such possibility

每一个这样的可能性

any such plan

任何这样的计划

There is no such thing.

没有这么一回事。

3) such

位于句首，须倒装。

e.g. Such is my hope for the future.

我对未来的希望就是这样。

Such were the facts.

事实就是这样。

4) such

…

that

…

/ such

…

as

…

的区别

-- such

…

..that:

用在从句 不缺少句子成分时，表示

―

如此

…

以至于

‖

；

e.g. He had such long arms that

he could almost touch the ceiling

.

（从句完整）

他的胳臂很长，

(

< br>以至于

)

几乎能碰到天花板。

-- such

…

..as:

用在从句缺少 句子成分时，表示

―

像

…

一样

‖

。

e.g. She is such a good teacher just as we e

xpect.

（从句缺宾语

)

正如我们所料，她是一位好老师。

5) such as / as such

的区别：

?

-- such as:

―

例如，像

‖

e.g. I like drinks such as tea and soda.

我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。

?

-- as such:

A)

同样地

,

同量地

;

如所指的，照那样的

e.g. He is a child, and must be treated as such.

He is a good man, and is known as such to everyone.

B)

本身

e.g. A name, as such, means nothing.

姓名本身并无意义。

Success, as such, doesn

‘

t always brings happiness.

成功本身并不总是带来幸福。

I have no prejudice against foreigners as such, but I don

‘

t think they should be allowed to take work from

our own people. (

取代

)

5