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unit1
翻译讲解
Part 1
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and
the unique art treasure in the world. The
formation
and
development
of
the
Chinese
calligraphy
is
closely
related
to
the
emergence
and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long
evolutionary process,
Chinese
characters have not only played an important role
in exchanging ideas and
transmitting
culture but also developed into a unique art form.
Calligraphic works
well reflect
calligraphers, personal feelings, knowledge, self-
cultivation, personality,
and so forth,
t
hus there is an expression that
“seeing the calligrapher's handwriting
is
like
seeing
the
person”.
As
one
of
the
treasures
of
Chinese
culture,
Chinese
calligraphy shines
splendidly in the world's treasure house of
culture and art.
Unit2
翻译讲解
Part 1
A
MOOC
(massive
open
online
course)
is
an
online
course
aimed
at
unlimited
participation and
open access via the web.
慕课是一种网络课程,它旨在通
过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。
MOOCs
are
a
recent
development
in
distance education
and
have
now becomea
surging trend in higher education.
慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步,现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。
These
classes
are
aimed
at
expanding
a
university's
reach
from
thousands
of
tuition-paying students who live in
town, to millions of students around the world.
p>
通过这些课程,大学可以扩大影响的范围,从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学
生,扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。
In addition to traditional course
materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums
to support interactions between
students and professors.
除了拥有传统的课程资料,慕课
还给使用者提供互动论坛,支持学生和讲师之间
的交流。
MOOCs can
encourage communication among participants who
bring a variety of
viewpoints,
knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire
people to
that they wouldn't otherwise
pursue or even try oneducation itself; provide
multiple
ways to engage with course
material, encouraging multimodal
(
多模式的
) learning
that can address the needs of learners
with a variety of learning styles; and inspire
better teaching and use of technologies
for face-to-facecourses.
慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流
,使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来;
它鼓励人们尝
试之前不可能尝试的课程,甚至是尝试新的教育方式;它提供多种
学习课程资料的方式,鼓励多模式学习,以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求;另
<
/p>
外,慕课促进教学的改善,使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。
【背景知识】
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慕课
(MOOC)
,是新近涌现出来的一种在线课程开发模式,以连通主义理论和网
络化学习
的开放教育学为基础。课程的范围
不仅覆盖了广泛的科技学科,比如数
学、统计、计算机科学、
自然科学和工程学,也包括了社会科学和人文学科。
“
M
”
代表
Massive
,
即大规模,
< br>与传统课程只有几十个或几百个学生不同,
一
门
MOOCs
课程最多达
16
万人。
“
O
”
,代表
O
pen
,即开放,以兴趣为导向。凡是想学习都可以进入,不分国
籍,只需一
个邮箱,就可注册参与。
“
O
”代表
Online(
在线
)
,学习在网上完成,无需旅行,不受时空限制。
“
C
”代表
Course
,即课程。
Part 2
< br>近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。
In
recent years, with
the development of Internet technology,
the construction of
digital education
resources of our country has made great
achievements.
很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台,数字化教学在教
育中发挥着越来越大的
作用。
Many
universities
have
set
up
their
own
digital
learning
platforms,
and
digital
teaching is playing an increasingly
important role in education.
和传统教学方式相比,数字化教学方式有很大的优势。
Compared
with
the
traditional
way
of
teaching,
the
digital
way
has
a
lot
of
advantages.
一方面,数字化教学使教学资源得以
全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学
习时间和空间,人
们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。
这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。
On one hand, digital teaching makes
global sharing of teaching resources possible;
on the other hand, it expands the
learner's study time and space to learn, allowing
people to get access to the digital
virtual schools through the Internet anytime and
anywhere.
These
advantages
make
it
possible
for
people
to
shift
from
one-time
learning to lifelong learning.
【背景知识】
数字化教学是指教师和学习者在数字化的教学环境中
,
遵循现代教育理论和规
律
,运用数字化的教学资源,以数字
化教学模式进行培养适应新世纪需要的具
有创新意识和创新能力的复合型人才的教学活动。
数字化校园是以数字化信息和网络为基础,在计算机和网络技术上建立起来的对
教学、科研、管理、技术服务、生活服务等校园信息的收集、处理、整合、存储、
传输和应用,使数字资源得到充分优化利用的一种虚拟教育环
境。通过实现从环
境(包括设备,教室等)
< br>、资源(如图书、讲义、课件等)到应用(包括教、学、
管理、服务、办公等)的全部数字化,在传统校园基础上构建一个数字空间,以
p>
拓展现实校园的时间和空间维度,提升传统校园的运行效率,扩展传统校园的业
务功能,最终实现教育过程的全面信息化,从而达到提高管理水平和效率的
目的。
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Unit 3
翻译讲解
Part 1
As
an
important
part
of
the
American
culture
value
system,
is
admired by most American people.
作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分,
个人主
义
受到大多数美国人的推
崇。
Americans
view
the
family
as
a
group
whose
primary
purpose
is
to
advance
the
happiness of individual members.
美国人认为家庭作为一个群体,其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。
In
contrast
to
many
other
cultures,
the
primary
responsibility
of
the
American
family
member
is
not
to
advance
the
family
as
a
group,
either
socially
or
economically.
与许多其他文化相比,美国家庭
成员的主要职责,不是在社会上或经济上提高整
个家庭的地位。
What
would be best for the family is not usually
considered to be as important as
what
would be best for theindividual.
人们通常认为
,什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。
With freedom comes the responsibility
to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of
choice
that
carries
with
it
the
responsibility:
to
accept
the
consequences
of
the
choices.
与自由相
伴而来的是照顾自己的责任,因为所选择的自由承载了责任,即必须接
受自己的选择所带来的后果。
Many Americans give their children a
lot of freedom because they want them to be
independent and self-reliant.
许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由,因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更
生。
Along
with
the
American
emphasis
on
individual
freedom,
the
belief
in
equality
between parents and
children also has had a strong effect on the
family.
在美国人强调个人自由的同时,父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭
产生了巨
大的影响。
【背景知识】
“个人主义”在西方文
化特别是在美国文化中起着举足轻重的作用。
“个人主义”
这个术语来自欧洲人对
法国大革命及其所谓根源——启蒙运动思想的普遍反应。
首先系统地使用“个人主义”这个术语的是
19
世纪
20
年代中期圣西门的追随者,
并在
19
世纪得到了非常广泛的使用,发展成为一种个人主义思想体系及其理论。
作为典型的西方资本主义政治和社会哲学,个人主义认为个人价值至高无上,强
调自我支配和自我控制,反对权威、宗教、国家、社会及其他任何干涉和阻挠个
p>
人发展的外在因素。同时,个人主义又是一种价值体系,一种人性
理论,甚至成
了对某种政治、经济、社会和宗教行为的一种态度和倾向。
Part 2
孝道(
filial
piety
)是中国古代社会的基本道德规范(
code of
ethics
)
。
Filial piety is the basic code of
ethics in ancient Chinesesociety.
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中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。
Chinese people consider filial piety as
the essence of a person's integrity, family
harmony,andthe nation's well-being.
由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心,它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德
准则。
With
filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics,
it has been the moral standard
for the
Chinese society to maintain the family
relationship for thousands of years.
它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。
It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese
virtue.
孝道文化是一个复合概念,内容丰富,涉及面广。
The culture of filial piety is a
complex concept, rich in content and wide in
range.
它既有文化理念,又有制度礼仪(
institutional
etiquette
)
。
It includes not only cultural ideas but
also institutional etiquettes.
一般来说,它指社
会要求子女对父母应尽的义务,包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等
等。
Generally
speaking, it refers to the obligation of children
to their parents required
by the
society, including respect, care, support for the
elderly and so forth.
孝道是古老的
东方文明
之根本。
Filial piety is fundamental to
theancient
【背景知识】
孝道文化作为历史上形成的思想文化,经历了孔子、孟子以及后来历代儒家特别
p>
是统治阶级文人的诠释修改,成为一个极为复杂的思想理论体系。
“
孝”作为一
个伦理观念正式提出是在西周,并历代不断丰富发展其内涵。
中国传统孝道文化是一个复合概念,内容丰富,涉及面广。既有文化理念,又有
制度礼仪。从敬养上分析,主要包含以下几个方面的内容,可以用十二
个字来概
括,即:敬亲、奉养、侍疾、立身、谏诤、善终。
孝道文化的积极意义极为丰富,可以修身养性、融合家庭、报国敬业和凝聚社会。
< br>
但也有消极作用:具有愚民性、不平等性、封建性和保守性。
Unit 4
翻译讲解
Part 1
Valentine's
Day
on
February
14
is
celebrated
in
various
American
and
Europeancountries.
美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝
2
月
14
日的情人节。
It is a
holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging
valentines or love tokens
between
lovers.
这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日,恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情
信物。
There are different
origins regarding the festival.
关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。
One legend goes that the Romans put a
priest named Saint Valentine into prison for
refusing to believe in the Roman gods.
一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱,因为他拒绝相信罗马
神。
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OnFebruary14,Valentinewas
puttodeathnotonlybecausehewas
Christian,
but
also
because hehad cured the
jailer's daughter of blindness.
2
月
14
日
那天,瓦伦丁被处死,不仅因为他是基督徒,而且因为他曾治愈了一
位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。
The
night before he was executed he wrote her a
farewell letter signed
Valentine
他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。
Later,
February
14
became
a
holiday
for
people
to
show
affection
for their
loved
ones.
后来,
2
月
14
日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。
Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day
in different ways, sending greeting cards
and flowers, giving chocolate or other
gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.
现在,人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节,他们发送贺卡、鲜花,赠送巧克力或其他
礼品,或共进浪漫的晚餐。
The
holiday has now becomepopular all over the world.
现在这个节日已流行世界各地。
In
China the festival is also becoming increasingly
popular with young people.
在中国,这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。
【背景知识】
情人节又叫圣瓦伦丁节或圣华伦泰节,即每年的
2
月
14
日,是西方的传统节日
之一。这是一个关于爱、浪漫以及花、巧克力、贺卡的节日
男女在这一天互送
礼物用以表达爱意
或友好。情人节的晚餐约会通常代表了情侣关系的发展关键。
在希腊神话中,玫瑰就是美神的化身。在世界范围内。玫瑰是用来表达爱情的通
用语言。玫瑰颇色丰富,不同颜色不同数量都有不同的寓意。
情人节的巧克力也是不可或缺的。巧克力自它诞生以来就于情爱有着千丝万缕的
联系。巧克力在情人节礼物中与玫瑰花相比是不分伯仲的巧克力在玛雅
与阿兹特
克文化,被视为具有神秘与催情的特质。
Part 2
农历七月初七是中国的七夕节
(Qixi
Festival)
,是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩
的一个节日。
July 7thon
theChinesecalendar is ChineseQixi Festival,
themost romantic of all the
traditional
Chineseholidays.
一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动,年轻人也送
礼物给他们的情人。
Every
year,somebigbusinessesorganize
various activities, andyoung people
send
gifts to their lovers.
因此,七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”
(Valentine's
Day)
。
As a
result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be
Chinese
七夕节来自牛郎与织女(
Cowherd
andWeaving Maid
)的传说。
The Qixi Festival is derived from
thelegend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.
相传,每年的这个夜晚,天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。
The
legend
holds
that
on
this
particular
night
every
year
the
Weaving
Maid
in
heaven meets with Cowherd.
所以,在七夕的夜晚,人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河
(
the Milky
Way
)相会。
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So, people
can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the
Milky Way on the
night of Qixi.
姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧,以获得美满姻缘。
On
this
night,
girls
would
also
beg
Weaving
Maid
for
some
wisdom
for
a
happy
marriage.
但随着时代的变迁,这些活动正在消失,
唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说
一直流传民间。
But, with
the changing of times, these activities are
diminishing. All that remains is
the
legend
of
Cowherd
and
Weaving
Maid,
a
sign
of
faithful
love,
continuously
circulated
among the folk.
【背景知识】
七夕节,又名乞巧节、七巧节或七姐诞,始于汉朝,是流行于中国及汉字文化圈
诸国的传统文化节日,相传农历七月七日夜或七月六日夜妇女在庭院向织女星乞<
/p>
求智巧,故称为“乞巧”
。
其起源于对自然的崇拜及妇女穿针乞巧,后被赋予牛郎织女的传说使其成为极具
< br>
浪漫色彩的节日之一。
“七夕”也来源古代人们对时间
的崇拜。
“七”与“期”
同音,月和
日均是“七”
,给人以时间感。古代中国人把日、月与水、火、木、
金、土五大行星合在一起叫“七曜”
。
< br>“七”又与“吉”谐音,
“七七”又有双
吉之意,是个吉利的日子。
节日产生
了妇女穿针乞巧,祈祷福禄寿活动,礼拜七姐,陈列花果、女红等习俗,
并远传日本、朝鲜半岛、越南等汉字文化圈国家。
Unit 5
翻译讲解
Part1
The Age of
Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is
a historical period of
European
global
exploration
that
started
in
the
early
15th
century
and
continueduntil the 18th century.
大发现年代,也被称为大勘探年代,是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期,始于
15
世纪
初并一直持续到
18
世纪。
ItisusuallyregardedasabridgebetweentheMiddleAgesa
ndtheModernera,
in
the
context
of
emerging
western
imperialism
and
economic
competition
between
European kingdoms
seeking wealth through the establishment of
traderoutes and
colonies.
这一
时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁,当时西方帝国主义刚兴起,欧
洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争,他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财
富。
Among
many
great
explorers
during
this
period,
the
most
outstanding
one
was
Christopher Columbus since hediscovered
the New World.
在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中,最杰出的是克里斯托
弗?哥伦布,因为他发现
了新大陆。
European overseas expansion led to the
rise of colonial empires, with the contact
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