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中小学个性化教育专家
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
讲义编号
学员编号：
年
级：高三
课时数及课时进度：
学员姓名：
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
学科组长
/
带头人签名及日期
课
题
授课时间：
教学目标
重点、难点
考点及考试要求
阅读理解之推理判断题解题技巧与习题训练
备课时间：
1
．阅读理解题之推理判断题的方法的掌握及运用
2.
解题方法的掌握
3.
能够使用恰当的方法合理有效的判断题目作出正确的选择
1.
知识点的牢固掌握及灵活运用
2.
基础知识与方法的灵活结合应用能力
所学知识的综合运用
教学内容
阅读理解方法指导之推理判断题
在高
考阅读理解试题中，
推理判断题的考查每年都占阅读理解试题的一半左右。
推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解
题，很多考生对此类题型的解答感到很吃力
，没有把握。
一、题型特点与命题方式
既要求考生
透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，
又要求考生对作者的态度、
< br>意图及文章细节的发展作出正确
的推理判断，力求
从作者
的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点
。
这类试题常以如下句式发问：
What can you conclude from this
passage
？
What
’
s the
author
’
s attitude
towards...
？
We can infer from the passage
that
…
.
Which statement is (not)
true
？
What is the
author’s attitude towards…
?
二、解题思路与应试技巧
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考生做题时一
定要
从整体上
把握语篇内容，
在语篇的
表面意义与隐含意义、
已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，
透过<
/p>
字里行间，去
体会作者的“弦外之音”
。
首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结
构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在
进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短
文，
千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。
其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度
、观点等要进行合
乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的
东西。
再次，
在解答推理性问题时，
应清楚所要解答的问题是针对
某个细节
进行推断，
还是
针对主题思想、
作者的
意图
进
行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用
scanning
方法，迅速在阅读
材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
针
对主题思想作推断时，
其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，
然
后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，
区分观点与例证、
原因与结果、
主观点与次观点。
下面结合最新高考试题，对推理判断题的不同类型加以解读。
1
、抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词
或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推
理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层
含义。
【考例】
（
2008
全国卷
I
，
B
篇）
63. We learn from the last paragraph that Del
Monte______.
A. allowed
other companies to develop pineapples
B. succeeded in keeping the
pineapple for itself
C.
tried hard to control the pineapple market
D. planned to
help the other companies
【解析】
C
。
从原文最后一段
Seeing
the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del
Monte tried to keep the market to
itself.
But other fruit
companies developed similar pineapples. Del
Monte turned to law for help but
failed. Those companies
argued
successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the
golden pineapple for itself were just a way to
knock them out of th
e
market.
可知，
Del Mon
te
为了控制菠萝市场，想尽了一切办法，甚至不惜诉诸法律。
2
、整合全文（段）信息进行推断
做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目
相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。
【考
例】
（
2008
全国卷
I
，
C
篇）
< br>67. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To show how to enjoy fishing.
B. To persuade
people to fish less often.
C. To
encourage people to set fish free
D. To give advice on how to
release fish.
【解析】
D
。文章开头部分提到“
It is often necessary to
release a fish
”
（对鱼放生是很必要的）
，然后就鱼放生后怎
么容易存活给出了
5<
/p>
条建议，
最后得出结论：
With a
little care and by following the suggestions given
above, you can give the
released fish a
better chance of survival.
因此，这篇文章的目的是告诉人们怎样对鱼进行放生。
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3
、利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
很多文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，
这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特
定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，
因此利用好
文章的语境褒
贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
认真阅读原文并找出反映
语境褒贬性及变
化的标志性词汇或句子，
对我们掌握文章主旨文
意，
了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，
从而正确地进行逻辑推
断很有
好处。
【考例】
（
2008
天津卷，
E
篇）
55. How does the
author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but
memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and
unforgettable.
【解析】
A
< br>。文章前三段用大量的篇幅描绘孩子们在树林中自由自在玩耍的美好时光，最后一段提到突然有一天在
树上玩耍时意识到已经是七年级的学生了，开始到了朦朦胧胧的青春期了，已经长大，不能再
爬树玩耍了，作者的心理
在这一刻发生了巨大变化，由此推知，作者感到童年是快乐的，
但是又是短暂的，不知不觉已经步入青年的行列。
4
、根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者态度、
倾向是指作者对陈述的观
点是赞同、
反对还是犹豫不定，
对记叙或描写的人、
物或事件等是赞颂、
同情、
冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。
作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，
< br>在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
<
/p>
【考例】
（
2008
江西卷，
C
篇）
67. What
is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s
actions?
A. He is mildly
critical
B. He is strongly critical
C. He is in
favor of them
D. His attitude is not clear
【解析】
A
。从第二段来看，
Nig
el
与
Alicia
交朋友并帮助她的
真正原因是不引起她的怀疑并力图在比赛中打败她
而获得
100
0
美元的奖金，根据最后一段来看，作者并不赞同
Nigel<
/p>
的做法，但也没提出强烈的批评，而只是说
Without
her, he would never win the competition
.
可以看出作者对他的做法暗含批评意味。
5
、根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得
出合乎逻辑的结论，
而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这
类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发
展的内容。
【考例】
（
2008
< br>江苏卷，
A
篇）
58. In
the next part, the author would most probably
discuss with you ______.
A. how to keep
up with the times
C. how to have
a good time
B.
how to make up for lost time
D. how to
make good use of time
【解析】
D<
/p>
。由文章最后一句话“
what we are going
to discuss next can make us better able to control
time for our own
purposes.
”可
以推测出下面要谈的应该是“怎样利用好时间”
。
巩固练习：
A
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A
small pi
ece of
fish each day may keep the heart doctor
away
. That’s the finding of a study of
Dutch men in which deaths
from heart
disease were more than 50 percent lower among
those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water
fish per day
compared to those who
never ate fish.
The Dutch research is
one of three human studies that give strong
scientific support to the long held belief that
eating fish
can provide health
benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart
disease
is
the
number-one
killer
in
the
United
States, with
more
than
550,000
deaths
occurring
from
heart
attacks
each
year.
But
previous
research
has shown
that
the
level
of
heart
disease
is
lower
in cultures
that consume
more fish
than
Americans
do.
There
are
fewer
heart
disease
deaths, for
example,
among
the
Eskimos
of
Greenland,
who consume
about
14
ounces
of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily
fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study followed
852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no
fish. At the start
of the study,
average fish consumption was about two-
thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating
lean fish than fatty fish.
During
the
next
two
decades,
78
of
the
men
died
from
heart
disease.
The
fewest
deaths
were
among
the
group
who
regularly ate fish, even at levels far
lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This
relationship was true regardless of other
factors such as age, high blood
pressure, or blood
cholesterol
（胆固醇）
levels.
1
．
The passage is
mainly about _________.
A
．
the high
incidence of heart disease in some countries
B
．
the changes in
people’s diet
C
．
the effect of
fish eating on people’s health
D
．
the daily fish
consumption of people in different cultures
2
．
We can infer
from the passage that there are fewer heart
disease deaths ________.
A
．
in countries of
the yellow-skin race
B
．
in highly-
developed countries
C
．
in the
countries with high consumption of fish
D
．
in
the countries with good production of fish
3
．
Th
e
phrase “this relationship” in paragraph 6 refers
to the connection between _________ and the level
of heart disease.
A
．
the amount of
fish eaten
B
．
regular fish-
eating
C
．
the kind
of fish eaten
4
．
From the
passage we know the author is most probably
______.
A
．
a heart
doctor
B
．
a
science researcher C
．
a
supporter of healthy eating
D
．
a university
student
答案解析：
1
．
C
文章通过列举数据的方式谈了吃鱼对人的身体健康所产生的影响。
2
．
C
从第三段
“But previous research has
shown that the level of heart disease is
Lower in cultures
that consume more fish than Americans d
o”
可知
C
项为正确答案。
3
．
B
从最后一段可知：在近
20
年里，
78%
的人死于心脏病。死亡率最低的是那些有规律吃
<
/p>
鱼的人群，他们甚至比日本人及爱斯基摩人更低。结合上下文不难推断出
< br>“
这种关系
”
是指
有规律吃鱼和心脏病发病率的关系。
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D
．
people of
different areas
中小学个性化教育专家
4
．
C
通读全文不难看出作者至少是一位支持健康饮
食的人。
B
Global
warming threatens to hold back human progress, and
make unachievab
le all UN targets to
reduce poverty
, according
to
some of the world’s leading international and
development groups.
In a
report published today, Oxfam, Greenpeace,
Christian Aid, Friends of the Earth, WWF and 15
other groups say rich
governments must
imme
diately address climate change to
avoid even “unbearable levels” of worldwide
poverty.
“
Food
production, water supplies, public health and
people’s living environment are already being
damaged,” the report
says. “The world
must meet its promise to achieve
poverty reduction and also deal with
climate change.”
The report,
which draws on UN predictions of the effects of
climate change in poor countries over the next 50
years, says
poor countries will
experience
more
flooding,
declining
food
production,
more
disease
and
the
worsening
or
disappearing
of
entire
ecosystems(
生态系统
)on which
many of the world
’
s poorest
people depend.
“
Climate change needs to be
addressed now. The poor will bear the burden of
it. The frontline experience of many of us
working in international development
indicates that communities are having to
f
ight against more extreme weather
conditions.”
Climate change
will play havoc(
浩劫
)with
agriculture and water supplies and will increase
diseases.
“
By 2025 the
proportion
of
the
world
’
s
population
living
in
countries
of
great
water
stress
will
almost
double,
to
6
billion
people.
Tropical
and
sub-
tropical areas will be hardest hit
—
those countries
already suffering from food shortage”.
Poor countries mostly do not need high-
tech solutions, but would most benefit from
education, research and being shown
how
to farm better. The report says unchecked global
warming, more than wars or political confusion,
will displace millions of
people and
destabilize (
不安定
) many
countries.
5. ________ should play a
leading role in resisting the more extreme weather
conditions according to the report.
A.
International groups
B.
Poor countries
C. Rich countries
D. Tropical and sub-
tropical countries
答案：
C
细节题。根据第二段中的“
rich governments
must immediately address climate change to avoid
even
levels
”一句的意义可知：财力富足的政府必
须立即致力于改变日益恶化的气候条件，以免全球范
围内的贫穷上升到无法忍受的程度。
由此可判断富裕国家应该起主导作用。
6. Which
of the following is not the effect of global
warming according to the report?
A.
More natural disasters and starvation.
B. Increasing the world’s
population.
C. Making
millions of people move to other places.
D. Shaking the
foundation of a country
.
答案：
B
归纳题。文章第四段提到：气候变化将导致愈演愈烈的洪灾，不断衰减的粮食生产，疾病的威胁以及整个生
态系统的退化甚至消失。
文章最后一句又说：
尚未得到抑制的全球变暖比战争和政变更可怕，
它将迫使数百万人口迁移，
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