-
阅读理解题的题型特点与解题技巧
阅读理解是测试综合运用语言能力的一种主要题型，旨在考查
考生在单位时间内阅读
理解、
获取信息的能力。
该题要求考生具有良好的阅读心理、
较快的阅读速度和良好的语感。
阅读过程中，考生要善于利用上下文，获取关键信息，解决难点问题。
<
/p>
阅读理解采用的题材比较广泛，
如科普知识、
地理风貌、
名人轶事、
风土人情及幽默笑话等；
体裁也多样化，如小故事、寓言、日记、情景会话、广告、通知、书信、记叙文、说明文、
议论文等。因此，平时要注意各类文章的阅读训练。
阅读能力测试的主要要求是：
1
、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；
2
、既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象概念；
3
、既理解字面意思，也理想深层含义，包括作者
的态度、意图等；
4
、既理解整句、
整段意思，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；
5
、既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。以上这些能
力
可简称为：
（
1
）中文意义理解能力；
（
2
）图表，细节领会、判断、计算能力；
（
3
）态度意图推断能力；
（
4
）总结结论能力；
（
5
）对单
词及句子含义的推断能力。
一、题型特点
根据阅读能力测试要求，可把阅读理解的题型分为以下五种：
（一）对主题思想的理解
此类题目主
要考查考生对文章的主题（
subject
）
< br>、中心思想（
main idea
）以及标题（
title
）的
理解。在设计这种题目时，命题
人常常用如下的问题：
①
What's
the
main idea of
the
passage?
②
The
article
is
mainly
about
.
③
Which
is
the
best
title of
the
passage
？
④
What
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
text
？
（二）对细节问题的理解
此类题目要
求考生对细节问题，如人物、时间、地点、事情的起因、过程及结局等进行仔细
的分析与
研究。
这类考题可以是比较直接的，
考生理解了字面意义就可以
答题，
也可能是比
较间接的，
考生通过
归纳、综合或推理才能答题。
在设计这种命题时，
命题人常常用
如下的
题目：
①
When
did
Alfred
Butts
first
put
his
game
on
the
market?(
考查时间）
②
According to the text,most
Americans
.(
考查人物）
③
The
reason
Father
was
in
a
hurry
to
get
home
was
that
he
.(
考查事情的起因）
（三）对作者意图的理解
此类考题主
要考查考生对作者的写作意图、
立场、
态度、
< br>思想倾向以及感情基调能否作出正
确理解基础上的推断。在设计这类问题时，命题
人常用
opinion
、
attitu
de
、
feel
、
suggestion
、
should
、
mean
等词设计成如下问题：
①
What's
the
writer's
attitude
towards
?
②
The
author
probably
feels
that
.
③
What
does
the
writer
mean
by
saying
……？
等等。
（四）对细节、段落及全文的综合理解
此类题目主要考查考生能否依据文章所提供的事实和信息作出正确的判断，
合理的推论
，
以
及恰如其分的评价能力。
这种题型
涉及面广，
有时要对数据进行理解性的推算，
或对文中未
给出的事实作常识性的推断等。命题人常采用
infer
、
conclude
、
le
arn from
等词设计成如下
问题：
①
We
can
infer
from
the
text
that
…
②
It
can
be
informed
from
the
text
that
…
③
What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
④
We
can
conclude
from
the
passage
that
…
⑤
People
may
come
to
the
conclusion
that
…
（五）对词义的猜测与理解
这种题型
要求考生根据上下文之间的联系去猜测与理解某个词、
短语或句子的用法，
这样的
词可能是生词也可能是已经学过的词或旧词新义。
二、解题步骤
大部分考生在做
阅读理解时，由于时间的关系，普遍存在的毛病是：低速做不完，
快速易出
错。因此掌握阅读理解题的解题技巧是很有必要的。一般说来，做阅读理解题常采用“整体
——部分——整体”的三步做题法。
（一）通读全文，掌握大意，注意首句，确定思路
首先，集中精力，把短文快速阅读一遍。阅读时，即使遇到生词也不必惊慌，以免影响正常
的思路及能力的发挥；也不要望而止步，
徘徊不前。正确的方法是：跳过
去暂时不考虑这个
单词，
或根据上下文进行猜测。
只求尽快读完，对文章内容有个整体性基本了解。
由于阅读
< br>理解是速度测验，最好第一遍阅读时就抓住主要信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件和主要情
节，
找出关键词。
通读时，
要
特别注意文章的首句，
因为首句有概括和预示全文大意的作用，
也是判断文章体裁的突破口。如果是说明文，
首句常常是文章的主题句；如果是记叙文，
首
句往往介绍文章的三要素：人物、时间、地点，也是了解全文的关键。因此，应首先根
据首
句给予的启示来了解全文的中心或故事梗概。
（二）明确要求、捕捉关键词、关键句
快速通读全文后，要吃透、准确理解题选项的要求，然后带着问题寻找关键词、关键句，并
进行初选答案。
在选择每个问题的答案时，
可利用汉语对英
语的正迁移作用，
善于抓住段落
大意和全文的中心思想，不要就
词论词，就句论句。要从整体考虑，正确理解作者的大意，
避免孤立地理解某一句，而做
出错误选择。同时一定要根据作者的思想和意图来回答问题，
注意作者的态度和语气，<
/p>
切不可根据个人的经验凭主观臆断选择。
选择过程中不必强求一气
呵成，
不能立刻做出判断的可暂时放过，
待大部分答案选出后，
通过对文章理解的加深和前
后照应，可
能会找到一个“意外”的线索，从而确定该问题的答案。
（三）把好最后检查关
做好全部题目
后，要仔细地再读一遍短文，逐一核对答案。这一步有助于理清思路，澄清一
些模糊认识
，
注意各题答案是否前后照应。
因为围绕一篇短文所设计的几个
理解题目应该是
相互关联的，
因此各题的答案也应该相互照应，
而不应自相矛盾，
做阅读理解要充分注意的
一点是利用题目之间的相互启示。
短文后的三至五个测试题中必有一个是关键题，<
/p>
关键题答
对了，则势如破竹；关键题答错了则会引起连锁反应，一
错再错，全盘皆输。
三、解题技巧
（一）猜测词义
理解词义是最基本的
阅读能力。
不懂词义，也就谈不上理解文章，
而且同一个词的意
义，往
往因上下文不同而改变。
同时还常遇到一些没学过的词，
这就要求学生要根据上下文，
对词
义进
行猜测，
猜词时须注意对上下文已知部分进行逻辑推理，
必要时
进行语法分析，
有时还
要靠常识和经验。例如：
It
was
a
very
hot
summer
of
the
neighbours
were
indoors
with
their
air
conditi
oners(
空调器）
and colour TVs
going ly there was a power about
half
an hour,most houses had lost their pleasing
coolness and people began to come outdoors in
search of a gentle long,everyone was
sharing all kinds of soft drinks and iced tea or
began to appear;someone brought some
small tables,and an
impromptu block party
around
me,people
were
getting
aquainted,and
no
one
seemed
to
care
that
the
power was still did the spirit of the
party die with the end of the have since
organized
a
block
football
team
and
a
number
of
since
that
power
failure,our
neighbourhood has been a more pleasant
place to live in.
underlined
word
.
arranged or prepared
beforehand
prepared
to accept
popular
underlined word
.
familar
g each other
g
with
ing
以上两题可以根据上面介绍的猜词的方法来解答。
本文描述一个炎热的夏天的夜晚，突然停电，
人们出来乘凉的情景。大家喝
着饮料，拿出食
物，搬出桌子，举行晚会。显然这种晚会是未经安排的，毫无准备而进行
的。因此第一题的
答案为
A
。再根据<
/p>
acquainted
一词所在的上文得知：一般说来，大多数人
都是在有空调器和
电视的家里度过炎热的夜晚，
暗示大家互不认
识，
而下文提到那一夜他们玩得很高兴，
自此
< br>还组织了街区足球队和一些俱乐部。由此可推断出
acquainted
一词的意思是“结识”
，与选
项
B
同义，故第二题的答案为
B
。
（二）归纳主题思想
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。
不少文章一开始便展示出文章的
主题，
特别是新
闻报道。
第一小段通常
是故事的梗概，
这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想。
不少文章的
中心
思想贯穿在全文中，要弄清文章的中心思想，必须有归纳和概括等方面的能力。例如
：
Insects come in many are
big and some are smallest ones are so small that
it
takes
one
hundred
of
them
to
form
one
biggest
insects
are
not
big,but
they
are
one
thousand times as big as the are about
ten inches in length!
第一句即为主题句，概述本段的主题思
想。即一开段就把要告诉读者的看法陈述出来：
“昆
虫的大小不
同”
，接着，作者为支持自己的这种看法，使读者信服，便指出昆虫有大、有小，
并以最小的昆虫和最大的昆虫的大小比较，分别陈述在后面的句子中。
主题句一般意思比较概括，
结构简单，
其它句子必定是用来解释、
支持或发展主题句所表达
的主题思想
。有的主题句在段首，有的在段尾，有的暗含在段落中，考生应当正确理解作者
提供的所
有细节，形成初步印象，然后发挥自己的逻辑概括能力，
归纳形成一般概念，
找出
主题句。
（三）提高阅读速度，准确理解文章细节的能力。
一篇文章确定了中心思想，还必须通过细节的描写来进一步解释或表达中心思想，例如：< p>
Water is not only important but
also is necessary to men,animals and plants.
Drinking is one of many uses of we
don't have any water for a few days,we are sure to
die.
All livings must have
water to keep themselves there is
no water , plants can't grow,we
can' get food.
Moreover,if
there are rich water sources,we can use them to
make power to run machines.
From
above,we can see that life and
civilization
（文明）
would be
impossible without water.
这篇文章说明了水的重要性和
必要性。
首先写水与人的重要关系，
再写水与动植物的重要关<
/p>
系，最后写水与社会文明的关系。条理清楚，语言简练。
细节的描写是文章的大部分篇幅，
也是阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容
，
多数理解题是针对
文章的细节而设计的，尽管题型多种多样，
没有固定模式，但也有一些常见的题型。例如：
of
the following statements is true(NOT
true)according to the passage?
of
the following is mentioned?
the following statements are not true
except
.
the right
order of the events given in the passage.
of the drawings/maps/pictures gives
the correct one?
（四）准确判断
在阅读过程中，常常要做出判断，近几年
NMET
阅读理解中都有这样的题目，正确的判断
是进一步理解文章内容与深层含义的关键，
进行判断时，
要尽量考虑文中的全部信息或事实，
并要真正理解他们，正确评价他们，然后做出合理判断。
“
I
would
almost
rather
see
you
dead,”Robert
t,a
leading
banker
of
Philadelphia
shouted
when
his
twenty-
year-old
eldest
daughter
announced
that
she
wanted
to
become
an
the
19th
century,playing
at
drawing
or
painting
on
dishes
was
all
right
for
a
young
lady,but serious work
in art was when the young lady's father
ranked
（跻身于）
among the
best of Philadelphia's social
families
（社交界）
,such an idea
could not even be considered.
That
was
how
Mary
Cassatt,born
in
1844,began
her
struggle
as
an
did
not
tremble
before her father's
d,she opposed him with courage and at last made
him change his
Cassatt gave up her
social position and all thought of a husband and a
family,which in
those
times
was
unthinkable
for
a
young
the
end,after
long
years
of
hard
work
and
perseverance,she
became
America's
most
important
woman
artist
and
the
internationally
recognized
leading painter of the time.
What made
Mary Cassatt's'struggle'become a recognized artist
especially hard?
was a woman.
father opposed her.
had
social position.
did not come from an
artist's family.
本文中
Mary
的父亲坚决反对她成为一名画家，
究其原因是在那个时代女人是决不可能
把绘
画作为其事业的。为使自己成为一个大家公认的画家，
Ma
ry
与这种旧的偏见和传统作了艰
苦卓绝的斗争，并最终获得成
功。虽然
B
、
C
、
D
选项都是正确的，但就其全部事实来讲，
它们不是最佳答案，其最佳答案应是
A
，这才是文中全
部事实所依赖的合理推断。
（五）逻辑推理
每一篇文章都有一定
的写作目的，
作者希望读者读了文章之后应当怎样去做某些事情或按某
< br>种方式思考问题。作者的这种目的往往隐含在文章之中，这就要求考生阅读时要认真阅读、
仔细考虑、正确理解作者的言外之意。
要做出正确判断，必须注意以下四点：
1.
仔细了解文中全部信息；
2.
分析已知信息，用正确的观点捕捉到信息的本质，即正确理解文章
寓意；
3.
要注意词、句子的本意，
还要注意与之有关的其它含义；
4.
做出的判断必须与作者的原意相符，不要用自己的观点取代作者的原意。
这种推断，包括数据推断、常识推断、逻辑结论和推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾向等。例
如：
House
prices
in
England
increased
sharply
between
1971
and
following
records
how
much
a house in Chelsea London,had risen in price since
1955:
Take No.29 Smith Terrace for
1955,Jane Grey sold it for
$$
2,000. Mrs Bowena
Black
bought
it
for
$$
4,900
and
sold
it
nine
years
later
to
Bill
and
Dreen
Whitle
for
$$ 22 ,950
.Now four years later in 1972, the house is valued
at
$$
30,000.
price of the house was
as high in 1972 as in the year Jane
Grey sold it.
ten times
C.150 per cent
n times
Bowena Black made a
profit(
利润
)of
.
A.
$$
2,900
B.
$$
8,050
C.
$$ 7,050
D.
$$
18,050
all the tenants,who earned
most?
Whites.
Grey.
Black.
White.
did Mrs Black buy the house?
A.1971
B.1972
C.1968
D.1959
Grey lived at No.29
Smith Terrace
.
four years
nine years
n 1971 and 1972
1955
Mrs
Black
had
waited
four
years
to
sell
the
house
she
would
have
earned
as
much
as
.
A.
$$ 28,000
B.
$$
18,000
C.
$$ 30,000
D.
$$ 25,100
以上各题的推理
前提均可在原文中找到。第
1
题的正确答案须从“
In 1955
，
Jane Grey sold
it
for
$$
2,000
”
,
“…
in
1972
，
the house is valued at
$$
<
/p>
30,000.
”这两句话推知，
D
项对。
第
2
题的正
确答案应从“
Mrs Bowena Black bought it for
$$ 4,900 and sold it nine
years later to Bill and Dreen White for
$$
22,950
”推断，得知
D
项对。第
3
题的正确
答案
应从“…
Jane Grey sold it for
$$
2, Bowena Black bought it
for
$$
4,900 and
sold it nine years later to Bill and
Dreen White for
$$
22,950.
”推知，
Mrs Bl
ack
获利最多。
第
4
题
须
从
“
Mrs
Bowena
Black
…
and
sold
it
nine
years
later
…
Now
four
years
later,in1972,
…”
得知
Mrs Black
是在
1959
年买的房子，
故
D
项为正确答案。
第
5
题可从
“
In
1955
，
Jane Grey sold it for
$$
2,000.
”
推知
D
项正确。
第
6
题须从
“
Mrs Bowena
Black
…
$$
4,900.
”
“…
the house is valued at $$ 30,000
”
两句话推知
D
项为正
确答案。
四
.
阅读理解例析：
（一）
Most
animals
have
little
connection
with
animals
of
a
different
kind,unless
they
hunt
them
for
mes,however,two
kinds
of
animals
come
together
in
a
partnership(
伙伴关系
)whi
ch
does good to both of may have
noticed some birds sitting on the backs of is
not because they want a ride,but
because they find easy food in the
parasites(
寄生虫
)on
sheep allow the birds to do so because
they remove the cause of although they can
manage without each other,they do
better together.
Sometimes an animal
has a plant relationship develops until the two
partners cannot
manage
without
each
is
so
in
the
coral(
珊瑚
)of
the
their
skins
they
have
tiny
plants
which
act
as
some
of
the
waste
products
from
the
coral
and
giving
in
return oxygen which the
animal needs to breathe. If the plant are
killed,or are even prevented from
light
so that they cannot live normally,the coral will
die.
birds like to sit on a sheep
because
.
can eat its parasites
depend on the sheep for existence
enjoy travelling with the sheep
find
the
position most comfortable
underlined
word
the
last
sentence
of
the
first
paragraph
refers
to
.
and parasites
and sheep
tes and sheep
,birds and parasites
can be
learnt from the text that coral depends on the
plant for
.
t
does the
second paragraph mainly discuss?
animals and plants depend on each other for
existence.
animals and plants develop
their relationship easily.
plants
depend on each other for food.
animals
live better together.
析：此篇文章谈的是动物和动物之间、
动物和植物之间的相互依附关系。
1
、
A
。这是一个推断题，主要测试能否抓住文章中所提供的原因
。文章第一段第
4
句中的
“
find easy food in
”和试题选项中的“
eat its parasites
”含义相同，可用判断法确定此题答案
为
A
。
2
、
B
。这是一个指代判断题，本题答案从第一自然段第
5
句中已得知。可采用对应法，句
中的词“
The sheep allow the birds
…”对号入座
，正确答案是
B
。也可采用排除法，
A
、
C
、
D
均不符合文意，
birds
总是爱吃
parasites
，
sheep
不容许
parasites
存在自己身上。
3
、
D
。这是一个分析判断题，第二段第
4
句可得知。注
意“
which the animal needs to breath
”
是定语从句，关系代词
Which
的先行词是
oxygen
，这时的答案已明确，其余
三项句中没提
及，可排除。
4
、
A
。这是一个主旨题。此题主要是要求考生
在理解整段乃至整篇的基础上去推断。我们
可以从文中第二段首句和尾句提供的线索综合
判断，
得出正确选项是
A
——有些动物
和植物
是相互依存的。
第二段没提
C<
/p>
、
D
项信息。
B
项的干扰大一些，
因文中有
relat
ionship develops
，
但发展关系应在互相依存
的情况下，故
B
项不正确。
（二）
Tom Brennan
was working in a Philadelphia office building when
he noticed a black bag
contained a
book.
The
chance
discovery
ended
a
12-day
search
by
the
Library
Company
of
Philadelphia
for
a
historical treasure--a
120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah
Logan,
everybody in her
day,
Most of the diary is a record of
big events in also includes a description of
British
soldiers
burning
Washington
D.C
in
the
war
of
desribes President James
Madison
on
horseback
as
shaking
with
fear
the
troubled
Washington,she
writes,mistook her for the wife of a
French man,and praised her excellent English.
The
adventure
of
the
lost
book
began
on
September
4
when
Cory
Luxmoore
arrived
from
England to deliver the
diary of his ancestor(
祖先
)to
the Library Company,which he and his wife
considered to be the best home for the
diary.
Green
told
American
Libraries
he
had
the
diary
in
his
possesion
five
minutes
Luxmoore took it back
because he had promised to show it to one other
person. On returning to
his hotel after
showing the precious book to Green,Luxmoore was
shocked to realise that he had
left it
in the taxi.
Without any delay,Green
began calling every taxi company in the city,with
no luck.
since then,
According
to
Green,no
one
has
yet
learned
how
the
diary
came
to
the
office
Brennan
received a reward(
奖励
)of
$$1,000. Philadephia gained another treasure for
its history,and
Luxmoore told
reporters,
article tells about the
story of
.
A.a lost diary
Luxmoore
h
logan
Library Company
the text,we learn that
the diary is now owned by
. ,
Brennan
B.a
philadelphia
magazine
unknown person
Library
Company of Philadelphia
elphia is
thought to be the best home for the diary because
.
was written in philadelphia
tells stories about philadelphia
in the city are interested in old
things
British and the Americans once
fought in philadelphia
of the
following shows the right of what happened to the
diary?
a-Tom Brennan found the book in
an office building.
b-The book was
shown to James Green.
c-Cory Luxmoore
arrived from England
d-The book was
left behind in a taxi
A.a,b,c,d
B.c,b,d,a
C.a,c,d,b
D.c,a,b,d
did Cory Luxmoore
mean when he said
A.I'm rich
B.I'm famous
C.I'm excited
D.I'm lucky
析：本篇文章围绕一本失而复得的日
记本，充分体现了本文主人公
Luxmoore
保护历史资料<
/p>
的积极性和历史责任感，有很高的社会和文化价值。
1
、
A
。
此题属主旨题，
要求考生通读全文后掌握整篇文章的主题思想，
全文围绕
“
a
lost diary
”
充分体现了<
/p>
Luxmoore
保护珍贵历史资料的积极性和历史责任感。故正
确答案是
A
。
2
、
D
。此题属推理判断题，想从原
文直接找到答案是不可能的，此篇文章的故事情节是这
样的，
L
uxmoore
和他的妻子认为
the library
Company of
phialdelphia
是保存“
the diamy
”
的最好地方。于是他们决定把“
the
diary
”达到这里，结果“
the
diary
”在途中不幸丢失后
又失而
复得，最后“
the
diary
”的归宿自然还是“
the library
company of philadelphia
”故正确
答
案是
D
。
3
、
B
。此题属细节题，题干中出现
because
一词，考查事情的起因，细读文章第三段不难看
出正确答案为
B
。
4
、
B
。此题
也属细节题，很多考生误
选
A
，这是由于没弄清楚文章的次序，其实这篇文章
采用了“倒序”的手法
，所以要求考生细读原文再去排序。故正确答案为
B
。
5
、
C
。此题属含义推断题。做这一题时，考生要从整个事件的发展过程中来把握当事人的
< br>心理变化。
首先，
“
Luxmo
ore was shocked to realize that he had left the
diary in the taxi
”
，
然后，
Luxmoore
对记者描述自己当时的心情：
“
I've
left
sick
since
then.
”最后当珍贵的日记被找
回时，
Luxmoore
对记者说：
“
It's wonderful news. I'm on high.
”
不难看出，这时的
Luxmoore
显得非常兴奋和激动，故正
确答案为
C
。
（三）
Excused
from
recycling(
回收
利用
)because
you
live
in
a
high
rise
with
a
rubbish
chute(<
/p>
垃圾
道
)?You
won't
be
for
's
Mark
Shantzis
has
made
it
simple
for
those
living
in
tall
buildings to use the chute and recycle
too.
In Shantzis' Hi-Rise Recycling
System, a chute leads to a pie-shaped container
with six boxes that
can turn around
when system,which fits in the same space as the
chute and container
now in use,enables
glass,plastic,paper,metal,and other rubbish to go
into separate boxes.
The system is
controlled from a board fixed next to the chute
board has abutton for each
class of
recycling materials(as well as for
unrecyclables).At the press of a button,a
microcomputer
locks all other
floors'chute doors and sets the recycling
container turning until the right box comes
under the computer also counts the
loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is
a particular piece of equipment breaks
up the nonrecyclables.
Sorting(
< br>分类
)recyclables before they are
collected saves the use of expensive materials
recovery
equipment which otherwise has
to do the equipment often makes recycled
materials
very expensive,so expensive
that tons of recyclables remain is believes his
system
could help recycled materials
become more cost-effective.
purpose in
writing this text is
.
encourage people to
recycle their rubbish
introduce a
recycling system for high rises
describe the use of computer technology in
recycling
explain the need for rubbish
collection in high rises
he
says
.
'll soon be living in a
cleaner building
h chutes will become
out of date before long
won't wait
long for your turn to recycle rubbish
won't be long before you'll have to recycle your
rubbish
dropping rubbish into the
chute you have to
.
the other floors' chute doors
if the container is full
the correct button
up the rubbish
biggest advantage of this new system
is that
.
reduces the cost of recycling
saves
time and space
saves money
for people living in high rises
makes
better use of the existing recovery equipment
析：
本篇文章介绍为高层楼房住户设计的一种回收垃圾的新方法，
此方法简便又科学，
为高
层楼房住户带来了便
利。
1
、此题属主旨题，推断作者写
此篇文章的目的。通读全文后不难发现此篇文章是向大家介
绍为高层楼房住户设计的回收
垃圾的一种方法。再看四个选项：
A
是鼓励大家去回收垃圾；<
/p>
B
是向高层楼房住户介绍回收利用垃圾的方法；
< br>D
是解释在高层楼房中收集垃圾的需要；
C
是描写电脑技术在回收垃圾方面的用途。故此题正确答案为
B
。
2
、
此题属含义推断题，
推断作者说此话的用意。
根据上下文来
看，
上文
“
Excused from
recycling
because you live
in a high rise with a rubbish chute
”意为“
因为你住在高层楼房里，所以没有
回收利用垃圾的义务”
，下文
紧接着“
You won't be for 's Mark Shantzis
has made it
simple for those living in
tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.
”意为“你的这种借口不
会长久，
Mark
Shantzis
已经让住在高层楼房里的住户使用垃圾道变得
很简单”也就是：住
在高层楼房里的人不久就不得不利用上述方法回收利用垃圾，这就是
D
项所表达的意思，
而选项
C
的意思是“不用等很久就轮到你回收利用垃圾了”故正确答案为
D
。
3
、此题属细节题。文章第三段介绍这种方法是如何操作的，根据“
At
the press of a button,a
microcomputer
locks all other floors'
chute doors and sets the recycling
container turning until
the right box
comes under the chute.
”不难看出此题正确答案为
C
。
4
、
此题属推断题。
从文中最后一句
“
Shantzis believes his system could
heep recydcle materials
become more
cost-effectilve
”不难看出这种新方法的最大优点是降低回收利用的费
用，故正
确答案为
A
。
（四）
Time
talks. It speaks more
plainly
（
明白地）
than
communicates
（
交流）
i
n many ways.
Consider the different
parts of the day,for time of
the day when something is done
can
give
a
special
meaning to
the
y
managers
in
the United
States
fully
realize
the
importance of an announcement made
during the middle of the
morning or afternoon that takes
everyone away from his work.
In the United States,it is not customar
y
（通常的，
习惯的）
to
telephone someone very early in the
you
telephone
him
early
in
the
day,while
he
is
shaving
（刮脸）
or
having
breakfast,the time of the call shows
that the matter is very urgent
(
紧急的
)and requires immediate
is
the
same
with
telephone
calls
made
after
11:00
p.m.
If
someone
receives
a
call
during sleeping hours,he probably
thinks it is a matter of life or time chosen for
the call
communicates its importance.
The meanings of time differ in
different parts of the ,misunderstanding
arises
（出现）
between people
from cultures
（文化）
that treat
time the United States,people
tend
（趋向于）
to
think
of
time
as
something
fixed
in
nature,something
from
which
one
can
not
a
rule,Americans think of time as a road into the
future,along which one
road
has
many
sections
（段）
,which
are
to
be
kept
separate
…“
one
thing at
a
time
”
.Thus,an
American may feel angry when he has
made an appointment
（约会）
with
someone and then finds
a lot of other
things happening at the
same time.
Americans
look
ahead
and
are
comcerned
（与…有
关系）
almost
entirely
with
the
American idea of the future
is limited, is the foreseeable future
and not the future
of
involving
（牵连）
manycenturies.
Since time has
much different meanings in different
cultures,communication is often
will
understand each other a little better if we can
keep this fact in mind.
ing
to
the
passage,an
announcement
made
during
the
day
in
a
factory
must
be
very
important because_________.
interrupts the work of
all
employees
is made by the manager
makes everyone lose his job
communicates in many ways
the United States,a phone call made after 11:00
considered________,in the view of the
writer.
important as one
made in the early morning
te since it
disturbs the receiver's sleep
be a
threat(
恐吓
)to the receiver's
life
more urgent than one made early
in the morning
American may feel angry
if_______.
is to deal with many things
at one appointed time
from different
cultures misunderstand him
cannot
escape from something fixed in nature
do not keep things separate
expression
future that will
not be far away
future that one looks
forward to
future toward which one
makes progress
future which involves
centuries
writer concludes that people
of different countries will understand each other
if________.
know how to communicate
with each other
are concerned with
the future
learn the way time communicates
keep
in mind that different cultures treat time
differently
析：本篇文章谈及的是时间，在某些方面时间能替人进行交流
，由于各个国家不同的文化，
也就给时间赋予了不同的意义。
1
、此题属细节题。细读第二段的首句便知，此段的中心为：<
/p>
“
The
time
of
the
day
when
something is done can give a special
meaning to the event
”
，然后又举了一
个例子来说明，在白
天工人们正在工厂里干活，
这时突然有个紧
急通知造成的影响只能是工人们停工，
即原文中
的“
that takes everyone away from his work.< p>
”正好与此题中
A
项相符合，故此题正确答案为<
/p>
A
。
2
、此题亦属细节题。细读第三段知，大清早的电话和半夜三更的电话
一样意味着有要紧的
事，由文中的“
It is the
same with telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m
”
，可知，故此题正确答
案为
< br>A
。
3
、此题亦属细节题。从文中第四段中的：
“
an
American may feel angry when he has made an
appointment with someone and then finds
a lot of other things happening at the
same time.
”
可知
此题正确答案为
A
。
4
、此题属猜测词义题。由倒数第二段中的“
< br>It
is
the
foreseeable
future
and
not
the
future
of
involving many centuries
”
，
在这句话中
the forseeable
future
和
net the future of
ivolving many
ce
nturies
相对应，由此可知
the
forseeable future
的意思为“不久的将来”
，故正确答案为
A
。
5
、此题属推断题。最后一段告诉我们：如我们记着不同的文化中时间有不同的
意义，那么
我们之间的交往就社会好一些，故此题正确答案为
D
。
（五）
You say you want my advice about e the
following are pieces of advice that I hope
you'll find useful.
If the
book is in English,that may mean slow progress for
I don't advise you to read too
I
was
living
in
Tokyo
I
used
to
go
to
Kanda,where
the
secondhand
bookshops
are(just
as
in
London,when
you
were
here
last
year,you
used
to
spend
hours
in
Charing
Cross
Road). The shelves
were full of English books .The first twenty or
thirty pages of many of them
had
their
margins
filled
with
penciled
notes
and
there
were
lots
of
words
and
phrases
owners,probably
university
students,had
started
out
very
seriously,determined
to
master the ,as
I
turned
the pages over,I
found the reader had given up his attempt.
I
suppose
that's
a
common
experience
in
many
countries
with
books
in
a
foreign
reader starts out,full of the need to
turn to a dictionary,perhaps ten or even twenty
times
a page,tires him out.
Therefore,don't start reading a book
unless you see,from the first few pages,that it's
one you can
read
with
ease
and
't
try
to
run
before
you
can
't
stop
reading
the
whole
chapter
often
you'll
find
the
unknown
word
comes
again,perhaps
several
timesAnd
by
the
end
of
the
chapter
you'll
have
guessed
its
's
how
we
learn
the
meaning
of
words in our own
language,isn't it?
Charing Cross Road
you can expect to
find_________.
having twenty or thirty
pages
books full of penciled notes
bookshops where the used books are
sold
you need to read
writer says_______.
should choose a
book of interest if you prefer not to read slowly
many new words in the page will
prevent learners from reading to the end
should never read a book
that has ten or twenty new words perpage
's a good idea for the university
students to use a dictionary while reading
can't complete your reading of a
book_____.
penciled notes are not made
in the margins of a page
you read a
book with the help of a dictionary
you
are not filled with hope at the beginning stage of
reading
the book chosen is right for
your level
writer suggests
that_______.
go on with your reading
when a new word appears
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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