关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

自考英语二大纲词汇

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-13 00:08
tags:

-

2021年2月13日发(作者:孤)







大学自考英语





本课主要单词






1


. successful adj.


成功的






He is a successful writer.



他是一 个有成就的作家。







He hopes he will be successful this time.


< br>他希望他这次能够成功。




success n.


成功






Their film is a great success.


他们的影片很成功。







We are sure of success.



我们一定能成 功。




succeed v.


成功






I succeeded in getting the job.



我成功地得到了这份工作。







She succeeded in passing the exam.



她考试及格了。




2


. adult adj. & n.


成年的,成熟的;成年人






These adult films are not suitable for children.



这些成人电影,儿童不宜观看。







Don't worry too much about him, he is an adult now.



别为他过分担心,他是成年人了 。




3


. disagree vi.


有分歧,不同意;不符,不一致




agree vi.


同意






I disagree with you about t his.


〔对于这件事,我跟你的意见不同。







These figures disagree with last week's results.



这些数据与上周的结果不符。







I agree with what you said.



我同意你所说的。







She agreed to the plan.



她赞成这个计划。







We haven't agreed on the date of the meeting.



我们还没商定会议的日期。




agreement n.


同意;协议







disagreement n.


不同意






We haven't reached an agreement yet.



我们还没达成协议。







There was no disagreement, and the proposal was accepted.


< br>没有不同意见,


这个建议被接


受了。







请注意:


前缀


dis-


通常可以加在动词,


名词,


形容词前面,


构成反意词。


例如:


di ssatisfy



disorder



disable.


后缀


-ment


加在动词的后面,


构成名词。


例如:< /p>


arrangement



argume nt


等。




4


. statement n.


声明,陈述




由动词


state


加名词后缀


-ment


构成







V


ery soon he made his first public statement about the affair.



他很快就此事件首次发表公


开声明。







Do you believe the witness's statement?



你相信证人的陈述吗?


< p>






请注意动词与名词的搭配:


issue a statement, make a statement




5


. guarantee n. & v.


保证,担保,保修






He gave his guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as he could.



他保证他会尽快


还钱。







The washing machine is guaranteed for five years.



这 台洗衣机保用


5


年。







请注意


guarantee


做动 词的用法:


guarantee sth.



guarantee that, guarantee against / from




6


. intelligent adj.


聪明的,明智的






He made an intelligent decision.



他做出了明智 的决定。







Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.



人类远比动物聪明。




Intelligence n.


聪明,智力






She prided herself on her intelligence.



她为自己的聪明感到自豪。




Intelligently adv.


聪明地,明智地






They dealt with the problem intelligently.



他 们明智地处理了这个问题。




7


. conversely adv.


相反地






Some are wealthy but unhappy; conversely, others are happy but not wealthy.




< p>


有的人富有但不快乐,相反,另一些人快乐但不富有。

< br>)



converse adj.


相反的






I hold the converse opinion .



我的观点相反。




converse v.


交谈,谈话






He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in English.



他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。




8


. similar adj.


相似的,类似的






The two animals are similar to each other in appearance.



这两只动物外表很相似。




similarity n.


相似,类似






Their differences are more noticeable than their similar ities.



他们的不同之处比相同之处

更明显。





9


. independent adj.


独立的,自主的







这个词 的词根是


depend



< p>
depend


的后面加上后缀


< br>-ent


可以构成形容词,


加上



-ence


则可以构成名词;在


dep endent



dependence


前面加上前缀



in-


又可以构成反义词。





depend v.


依靠,依赖



dependence n.


依靠,依赖



dependent adj.


依靠的,依赖的



independence n.


独立,自主






India won its independence in


1947


.



印度于


1947


年赢得了独 立。





10


. clue n.


线索,提示






The police searched all the houses but found no clues.



警察搜索了所有的房屋,但是没有


发现任何线索。< /p>








注意用法:


find /give a clue to sth.





11


. conclusion n.


结论,推论



conclude v.


断定,决定




注意用法:


come to a conclusion



jump at a conclusion



draw a conclusion



reach a conclusion




What conclusions did you come to?



你得出了什么结论?




12


. communicate v.


交流,交际,通讯



communication n.


交流,通讯



communicative adj.


爱说话的



To communicate with him is no easy job, as he is not a communicative person.



他是一个 不爱说


话的人,与他交流可不容易。




Speech and writing are man's most important methods of communication.



说和写是人类最重要


的交流方式。




13


. inexact adj.


不正确的,不精确的







ind ependent


一样,该词是由形容词



exact


加前缀


in-


构成的。



14


. incomplete adj.


不完整的



complete adj.& v.


完整的;完成



This is an incomplete sentence, please add the omitted part and make it complete.




〔这是一个不完整的句子,请加上 省略的成分使其完整。




I don't think I can complete the work in


2


hours.


〔我想我在两小时内干不完这活。




15


. purpose n.


目的,意图,用途



purposeful adj.


有目的的,有意图的



purposefully adv.


有目的地,蓄意地



The purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal .


〔会议的目的是讨论他的建议。




He let out the information purposefully to you.


〔他有意向你透露了这个消息。




16


. regularly adv.


经常地,定期地



regular adj.


经常的,定期的



irregular adj.


不规则的,无规律的



If you review your lessons regularly, you will do well on tests.




〔如果你定期复习 功课,就能在考试中取得好成绩。




17


. technique n.


技术,技巧,手艺






Good study techniques help him to be one of the straight A students in his class.





〔良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。




18


. outline v.& n.


概括;大纲,提纲;轮廓






He listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.


〔在我简述我的原因时,他认真地听着。







The English teacher asked us to write a brief outline of the story.




〔 英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。







He saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.



在月光下,


他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。






本课主要词缀




1


.


名词后缀



-ment








agreement, statement




2


.


名词后缀



-ation, -ion, -sion





communication, completion, conclusion



3


.


名词后缀



-ity





similarity, regularity



4


.


名词后缀



-ence





intelligence, independence



5


.


形容词后缀



-ful





successful, purposeful



6


.


副词后缀



-ly





conversely, regularly, purposefully



7


.


反义词前缀



in





inexact, incomplete, independent



8


.


反义词前缀



dis





disagree, discover





本课简介










How to Be a Successful Language Learner


是一篇 典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺


序安排材料,作者要回答


HOW



WHY


方面的问题。在说明文 的阅读与写作中,要注意抓


主题句以及使文章内容启承转合的常用词句。





本课中,


作者从一句引言入手,


先谈了人们对语言学习的看法,


然后阐述了自己对学好


语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚,对我们学写说明文很有帮助。







本课语言点




1


. Learning a language is easy.





这是一个




主语+动词+表语




SVP



句型。句中


lear ning a language


为动名词短语,


在句子中





做主语。再如:





Forgetting the past means b etrayal.



忘记过去就意味着背叛。

< br>)





请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


阅读英语比讲英语容易。




Reading English is easier than speaking it.







2


)


集邮是我弟弟的爱好。



Collecting stamps is my little brother's hobby.





2


. Even a child can do it.





even


在句中作副词用,


加强语气,


表示


“甚至



…也< /p>






…都





如:


He even didn't


trust his best friend.


< p>
他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。





请注意


even



even if / though


的区别并翻译下面的句子:






1


)


这个我连听都没听过。



I haven't even heard of it.







2


)


即使花了数天时间复习,


他也没能考好。



He didn't do well in the exam even though he


spent days reviewing.





3


. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.





句中


who are learning a second language


为定语从句,修饰先行词


most adults


,再如:





The man who wrote this book is a teacher.



写这本书的人是一位教师。





请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。







The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.







2


)


你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。







The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.







句中的


w ould


是助动词,表示“可能”







会”< /p>


。例如:






A picnic without you wouldn't be fun.



野餐没你参加会很没意思 。





助动 词


would


的用法很多,概括起来主要有如下几种:






1


)


表示过去将来时:


I felt confident that everything would be all right.





2


)


表示意愿:


I asked him not to do it, but he wouldn't listen to me.





3


)


表示习惯性:


Every evening, we would go for a walk along the river.





4


)


表示虚拟,假设,条件:


If you had come earlier, you would have seen him.





5


)


表示婉转地请求或建议:


Would you look after my cat while I am away?



4


. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for


every adult language learner.





注意句中


hundreds of hours


的用法,阅读课本第六页注解


2




请翻译下面的词组:






1


)


十个学生



ten students







数十个学生



tens of students



2


)


五百年



five hundred years







数百年



hundreds of years



3


)


两千年



two thousand years







数千年



thousands of years



4


)


三百万美元



three million dollars







数百万美元



millions of dollars



5


. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.





句中


be different from


意为“与…不同”


,如:


My opinion is different from yours.



我的


观点与你的观点不同。





请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组:






Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.





Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.





The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a


language.





从上面 的句子中可以看出


differ


是动词,


different


是形容词,


difference


是名词。




6


. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.






find it difficult to succeed in other fields.


句中的


it


是形式宾 语



formal object


)< /p>



真正的宾语



real object



是不定式


to succeed in language


learning


,此类用法在英语中很常见,请注意掌握。如:


At first I found it difficult to remember


all these new words.



开始我感到记住这些单词很难。





请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。







The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.







2


)


他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。







They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.







3


)


她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。







She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.




7


. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.



本句中注意掌握动词


offer


的用法,请看 下面的例句:



1


) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down.

< br>(


我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。




2


) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers?



对这些新教师你有什么


建议要提吗?





3


) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.



这家商店供应各 种文具。




4


) The old man offered me


100


yuan for the used bike.






那个老人向我出价


100


元买这辆旧自行车 。




5


) She offered to help me with my English.



她表示愿意帮我学英语。




句中的


advice


为不可数名词,其后不加


s


,正如课本第六页注解


3

< p>
所说,有许多东西在汉语


中是可数的,在英语中却是不可数的。如


news, information, paper


等,若要表示“ 一个”这


类概念,就必须加


a piece of


这类定语,例如:






a piece of news





a piece of advice





a sum of money





a piece of bread



8


. Read as much as you can.



句中的


much


是副词,用副词作同等比较时,可以用


as




as



so




as


这种结构,如:




1


) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.


(< /p>


尽量多阅读,你的词汇量就


会扩大。


)< /p>



2


) We must arrange everything as well as we can.


(< /p>


我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。




3


) Please give me a call as soon as possible.



请尽早给我打电话。< /p>




4


) I don't speak English so well as you.



我英语讲得没你好。




9


. Practice speaking the language every day.





practice


在美国英语中可 以做动词也可以做名词,而在英国英语中,


practice


是 名词,


动词的拼写则是


practise







作动词用时,


其后只能跟动名词,


不能 跟不定式。


如:


It is really no fun to practice running


in such hot weather .



在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。





10


. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.





that successful language learners are similar in many ways


是宾语从句 。在非正式场合下


that


引导宾语从句时可省略。如:


I think (that) you are right.



请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


小男孩承认是他打碎了窗玻璃。







The little boy admitted that he broke the window.







2


) < /p>


大量证据表明他是有罪的。



Plent y of evidence shows that he is guilty.







3


)


我保证将会给他更多的帮助。



I promised that I would give him more help.




11


. … they


discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language



不定式做定语,


例如:


Is it the best way to solve the problem?



这是解决问题的最好方法吗?





请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


他没有勇气承认自己是无知的。



He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.







2


) < /p>


这将是一个交流思想的好机会。



Thi s will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.







3


)


他们在会上没有发言权。



They had no right to speak at the meeting.




12


.


Instead


of


waiting


for


the


teacher


to


explain,


they


try


to


find


the


patterns


and


rules


for


themselves.




动词不定式


to explain


和名词



teache r


构成复合结构,



wait for


的宾语,


称为复合宾语。


此类用法在英 语中很常见,例如:



1


) I'll get someone to repair the bike for you.



我去找人来帮你修自行车。




2


) He wants you to call him in the afternoon.



他要你下午给他打电话 。




3


) The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions.





老师在等学生们回答问题。




4


) You can count on him to give you full support.



你放心,他 会给你全力支持。




请注意



instead of




instead


的区别:



1


) Instead of staying at home watching TV


, he went out for a walk.





He didn't stay at home watching TV


, instead he went out for a walk.


2


) Instead of having milk for breakfast, he had a cup of coffee.




He didn't have milk for breakfast, instead he had a cup of coffee.


13


. When they guess wrong, they guess again.



< br>wrong


常常作形容词或动词用,


而本句中的


wrong


则作副词用。


请注意下面句子中


wrong


的词类:



1


) He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.



wrong adj.


错误的




2


) I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.



wrong v.


冤枉




3


) The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.



wrong adv.


错,不对




14


. … they look for such a chance.





句中的


such


是前置限定词,可放在可数或不可数名 词前,如:



1


) I've never seen such beautiful scenery.



我从没见过这样美丽的景色。




2


) He didn't expect that the audience would give him such a response.



他没料想到观众们会给


予如此反应。




3


) She didn't feel like going out on such a cold day.



她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出门。




从下面的句子中可以看出


so



such


的区别,


so


是副词,通常用来修饰形容词或副词:



1


) The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it.





这个问题太难了,没人能回答。< /p>




2


) His eyesight was so poor that he couldn't see anything clearly.



< br>(


他的视力不好,什么也看不清。



3


) He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.





他跑得那么快,没有人能赶上他。




15


. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of


every word.



不定式短语


to learn to think in the language


是句子的真正主语。


it

< p>
常常被用来代替不定式,



句子中充当形式主语,


而把真正的主语移到句子后面去,


这样使句子显得比较平稳。< /p>


为了说


明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,便在不定式前加

< p>
for


引起的短语。又如:



1


) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.




2


) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.


more important than


是形容词比较级形式,请翻译下面的句子:



1




汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。



Tom is older than Mary.)


2




这本书比那本书更有趣。



This book is more interesting than that one.)


3




我们班 的学生人数比他们班的多。



There are more students in our class than in theirs.)


16


. … you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully.




< /p>


句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时,


表示一个动作从过去的某一时 间开始,


一直延续到


现在,可能还要继续下去。又如:



1


) He has been working for a whole day.




2


) They have been watching TV for two hours.


请翻译下面的句子:





1


) < /p>


老李已经在南京生活了二十年。



Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for


20


years.




2


)


雨下多久了?



How long has it been raining?




3


)


我等了他一个多小时了。



I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.




17


. … if your language learning has been les


s than successful, you might do well to try some of


the techniques outlined above.




less than


用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容 增加否定意味。又如:


It would be


less than fair to put all the blame on him.



把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。


< br>


请翻译下面的句子:





1


)


父亲 对他的成绩不太满意。



Father was less than satisfied with his performance.




2


)


这个计划远不够完美。



The plan was a good deal less than perfect.




do well to do sth.


的意思是“最好…做”


,如:


She would do well to go away from these




dishonest people.



她最好远离这些不诚实的人。






本课主要词组









1


. disagree with


2


. be different from






3


. succeed in


4


. offer sth. to sb.







5


. as much as


6


. practice doing sth.






7


. be similar to


8


. first of all






9


. depend on


10


. instead of






11


. wait for


12


. look for






13


. learn from


14


. communicate with






15


. be willing to


16


. be interested in






17


. in order to


18


. on the other hand






19


. less than


20


. do well to do sth.







本课主要句型






动名词做主语



1


) Learning a language is easy.



2


) Learning a language is a very difficult task.


B.


定语从句



1


) Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.





2


) Some people who are intelligent and successful in their fields







3


) They are good guessers who find clues and form their own conclusions.





4


) They find people who speak the language







5


)



they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.



C. it


做形式宾语



1


) …some people…find it difficult to succeed in…





2


) They find it easy to practice using the language regularly





D. it


做形式主语



1


) It is more important for them to learn to think…





2


) It is necessary for them to learn the language







Text



B




Language




1


. not only



but also



不但……而且




例:


To some people language learning is not only time-consuming, but also difficult.







You can find the place not only with the help of a map, but also by asking the way.



2


. up and down


(< /p>


上上下下,前前后后




例:


His eyes moved up and down the rows of people, looking for the escaped prisoner.







He walked up and down the street, not knowing what decision he should make.



3


. neither



nor



既不……也不




例:


Neither you nor I should be responsible for this accident.







This book is neither interesting nor instructive.



4


. mean to do sth.



打算做某事,想要做某事< /p>




例:


I meant to say



sorry



to him, but he didn't want to listen.







He didn't mean to hurt you.



5


. not at all



一点也不




例:


I am not at all tired.







He was not at all frightened by the strange noise.



6


. consist of



由……组成




例:


Our class consists of


20


boys and


26


girls.







The medical team consists of


3


doctors and two nurses.







查看文章







大学自 考英语





精华笔记


22006



11

< p>


02




星期四



13


:


31


Text A




Taxes, Taxes, and


More Taxes


本课主要单词



1


. tax n. & v.


税< /p>





;对…征 税



The government plans to increase taxes by


3


percent.






政府计划把税收增加三个百分点。







In Britain, tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed.






在英国,烟草和酒类饮品的税收很高。


< p>





income tax



所得税




sales tax


销售税









import tax


< p>
进口税




housing and land tax



房地产税








V


AT (value-added tax)



增值税




poll tax



人头税

< p>







tax-collector



税务员




tax-payer



纳税人








dodge tax



逃税,漏税




tax-free



免税的

< p>





2


. type n.


类型,种类,品种







v.


打字




No one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.



没有人知道他为什么不喜欢这种工作。








The manager asked Mary to type the letter again.



经理要玛丽 把信重打一遍。








typ ewriter



打字机


< p>







typist


打字员





3


. salary n.


工资







v.



常用被动语态



给…发薪









salaried adj.


拿薪水的,领工资的




She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.

< br>(


得知她将得到


提级和加薪,她很开心。







Don't worry about him, he will be salaried by a big company.



别为他担心,一家大公司会


给他发薪水。







With his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.



凭借他的知识


和经验,他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。





salary



wage


的区别在于:


salary


是指为从事非体力劳动的人按月支付的薪水,


wage


则通< /p>


常指为从事体力劳动的人按周支付的薪水。



4


. earn v.


挣得;赢得,获得






He worked


14


hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the family.



为了能


挣足够的钱养家,他每天工作十四小时。







His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.



无论 走到哪,


他的真诚都能赢得朋友。





5


. percentage n.


百分比,百分率;比例,部分






percent / per cent n.


每百中,百分之…




The percentage of university enrollment will be greatly increased this year.



今年,大学录取的


百分比将大大提高。


)< /p>






About


70


percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universities this


year.



今年,南京的高中毕业生将有百分之七十被高校录取。




6


. vary vi.


变化,有不同






vt.


改变,使不同



Prices of fish vary from


70


cents a pound to one dollar a pound.



鱼的价格从七十美分到一美元


一磅不等。


< br>





The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.



这儿的天气时刻有变化。







I didn't vary my plan at the last moment.



我在最后一刻没有改变我 的计划。





7


. graduated adj.





累进的;刻度的





graduate v. & n.


毕业;毕业生





graduation n.


毕业




As the federal government has a graduated income tax, the more you earn, the higher tax you have


to pay.


因为联邦政府实行累进所得税,所以,你挣的 越多,缴的所得税就越高。






A graduated glass will enable you to know how much water you have put into the vessel.




杯能够使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。





He graduated from high school last year. But it was difficult for a high school graduate to find a


satisfactory job.




他去年高中毕业,但是高中毕业生要找一份称心如意的工作是很困难的。




After graduation she went to work in a hospital as a nurse.



毕业后,


她去医院做了一名护士。


< br>


8


. sale n.


出售,卖;廉价出售





sell v.





Mr. Smith is now interested in my car and I hope I can make the sale today.



史密斯先生现在 对


我的汽车感兴趣,我希望今天就能卖成。


< br>





He sold his bike to Tom.



他把自行车卖给了汤姆。







for sale



待售



on sale



上市的








a clearance sal e



清仓拍卖




sales department


营业部








sales promotion



促 销活动




sales manage r



销售经理








salesperson / salesclerk



营业员








9


. charge v.


索价;指控;使充满








n.


价钱;指控;负责




He charged me


10


yuan for a bowl of plain rice.



一碗白米饭,他要了我十块钱。

< br>)






The young man was charged with stealing.



那个年轻人被指控犯了盗窃罪 。







Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.



斟满杯 ,为我们的友谊干杯。





The charge for a front-row seat is


250


yuan.



前排座位票价


250


元。


)< /p>






The police arrested him on a charge of murder.



警察以谋杀罪拘捕了他。






Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away?



老师不在的时候 ,谁管我们


班?





10


. figure n.


数字;人物;外形








v.


想出;算出;估计




He has a good head for figu res.



他的数字概念很强。







No one had expected that his savings could reach


5


figures in such a short time.



谁也没料到


在这么短的时间里,他的存款能达到五位数。







He was an important figure in American history.



他是美国历史上的重要人物。


< br>





She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't resist the temptation of chocolates.



她抵御不了巧克力的诱惑,所以总 是担心自己的体形。





We are trying to figure out a way to help them.



我们正在想办法帮助他们。

< p>






Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough money.



算一算费用,看看我们的钱是


否够。







She brought an umbrella as she figured they might need it.



她带了一把伞,因 为她估计他


们会需要。





11


. add v.


增加,增添






addition n.





in addition to


除…之外







additional adj.


附加的,另外的



The fire is going out, add more wood to it.



火要灭了,再加些木柴。







His explanation adds to my confusion.


< p>
他的解释使我更加糊涂。




In addition to leaves, these animals eat a great deal of fruit.



除 了树叶之外,这些动物还吃大量


的水果。



It will take an additional two days to finish the work.



还要再花两天时间 才能完成这项工作。




12


. revenue n.


收入,收益;税收



The manager is worrying about the drop in advertising revenue.



经理正为广告收入的下降着


急。







The


loss


of


tax


revenue


in


many


areas


is


getting


higher.



许多地区的税收流失 越来越严


重。







the Public Revenue



财政收入,国库收入







Inland Revenue


(< /p>


国内税收








revenue department


税务部门





13


. diverse adj.


不同的;多种多样的






diversity n.


多样性;差异




He is a man of diverse talent.


他是一个有多种才能的人。







They offered us diverse suggestions at the meeting.



他们在会上给我们提出了各种各样 的


建议。





His writing displays the diversities of human behavior.



他的作品展示了人类行为的 多样性。







A great diversity of methods has been tried in doing this experiment.



实验中尝试过各种各


样的方法。





14


. confuse v.


使混乱,混淆






confusion n.


混乱,慌乱




What he said just now confuses all of u s.



他刚才说的话把我们都弄糊涂了。







Her answers have only added to his conf usion.



她的回答只使他更加糊涂。




15


. property n.


财 产,资产;




地产;特性,性质



That car is my property, you cannot use it without my permission.



那辆车是我的财产,没我的


允许,你 不能动用。







The city is growing and property in the center is becoming more valuable.



城市在发展,市


中心的房地产越来越有价值了。







Many plants have medicinal properties.< /p>



许多植物有药用特性。







state property



国家财产




personal property



动产








real property / estate



不动产




intellectual property



知识产权






16


. excise n.


国产税,本国消费税






exercise n.& v.


行使,运用;锻炼;练习






customs n.


关税





Customs


海关




17


. fund n.


基金,专款;储备,贮存







v.


提供资金,供以款项




We


would


set


up


a


fund


to


help


those


children


whose


parents


couldn't


afford


to


send


them


to


school.



我们将设立一项基金,帮助那些父母供不起他们读书的孩子。







They have a fund of knowledge and experience to draw on.



他们有丰富的知识和经验可利


用。





This research is funded by the government.



这项 研究由政府提供资金。




18


. department n.


部,部门;系科






the State Department



美国



国务院




the Department of Education


教育部






department store


百货商店







the department of physics


物理系




19


. municipal adj.


市的,市政的






the municipal government




市政府






municipal administration





市政管理






a municipal university






市立大学




20


. complain v.


抱怨,埋怨,发牢骚,诉苦





complaint n.


抱怨,诉说




He complained to the manager about / of the poor after-service.



他对经理 抱怨说售后服务太


差。







She complained about / of her husband's carelessness.< /p>



她抱怨说她丈夫太粗心。


< p>





The teacher complained that the students didn't work hard enough.


< p>
老师抱怨学生学习不够


努力。


< br>



It is a common complaint that today's children lack the sense of cooperation.



人们常常抱怨今天


的孩子缺少合作意识。




21


. impractical adj.


不切实际的,不能实行的





practical adj.


实际的,可行的



His suggestion sounds good, but it is really impractic al.



他的建议听起来不错,但是的确不切

< br>实际。







How long will it be before this theory can be put into practical use?



这一理论还要多久才


能被 实际运用


?





22


. program n. < /p>


计划;



电视



节目;程序









v.


使按预定步骤工作;编程




They are drawing up a program of water purification.



他们正在制定一个净水计划。< /p>







Tonight's TV programs will be very interesting.



今晚的电视节目 会非常有趣。





I know nothing about computer programs.



我对电脑编程一窍不通。







You can program it to do different tasks at specific times.



你可以 使它在特定的时间按计划


完成各项不同的任务。





23


. view n.


看法,观点;视野,眼界;景色,风景







v.


看待,考虑




He was unwilling to express his views on what had happened.



他不愿意就所发生的一切发表自


己的观点。







When we stood on the top of the mountain, the whole city came into our view.



我们站在山


顶时,整个城市尽收眼底。

< p>






Looking out of the window, he had a fine view of the Slender West Lake.



朝窗外望去,他


看到了瘦西湖的美景。

< p>




Several possible buyers have come to view your car.



几个想买车的人来看过你的车了。







If you stand in his shoes to view the problem, you will come to a totally different conclusion.



如果你站在他的立场上来考虑这个 问题,你会得出完全不同的结论。





24


. issue n.


问题,争论点;发行







v.


出版,发行,颁布




At today's meeting we have to spend some time discussing this issue.



在今天的会上,我们得花


点时间讨论这个问题。


)< /p>






The minute he got the latest issue of the sports magazine, he read it with great interes t.



一拿


到最新一期的体育杂志,他 就津津有味地看了起来。





Her first novel issued in May.


她的第一部小说于五月份出版了。






He issued instructions that the prisoners should be set free.


他下令释放犯人。





25


. tend v.


护理,照管





tend to


易于,往往会;倾向于




She is tending a very sick patient.



她在护理一位重病人。


< br>





In addition to his full-time job, he tends a bar.



除了一份全日制的工作,他还照管 一个酒


吧。





When you ask her more than one question, she tends to get impatient.


你问她两个以上的问题,


她往往会不耐烦。







He tends to be optimistic no matter what happens.



无任发生 任何事情,


他总倾向于乐观。







本课主要构词法










Conversion



< p>
转类法──名词和动词相互转类




tax


type


salary


charge



packet


figure


fund


protest



program


view


issue


tend








本课简介










Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes


介绍了美国三级政府



联邦政府,州政府,市政府

< p>


征收


的三种税



income tax



sales tax



property tax and excise tax



。美国人对税收的一致看法是:


The taxes are too high.


这篇文章对我们了解美国社会很有帮助,值得一读。








本课主要语言点





1


. Americans often say that there are two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes.





句中的


that


引导的是一个宾语从句,


例如 :


Everybody knows that the earth goes around the


sun.



众 所周知,地球围绕太阳转。





请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


他知道我不会责怪他。


(He knew that I wouldn't blame him.)





2


)


妈妈说他必须在六点以前回来。


(Mother said that he had to be back before


6


:


00


.)



3


)


我想天气很快会放晴。


(I think that it is going to clear up soon.)





4


)


我相信他对我说了实话。


(I believe that he told me the truth.)



句中的


a person can be sure of


…是定语从句,


修饰


two things,


引导定语从句的关系代词


that

< p>
被省去了。例如:


Have you found the book you want?



你找到你要的书了吗?

< br>)



请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


他找到了他丢失的那块表。


(He found the watch he had lost.)





2


)


这儿有很多我感兴趣的书。


(There are many books I am interested in.)



be sure of


的意思是“对……确信无疑”

< p>
,例如:








Is he going to call us at


9


:


00


?



他会在九点给我们打电话吗?









Yes, I am sure of it.



是的,我肯定。


)< /p>




翻译下面的句子,掌握


sure


的用法:






1


) I am sure of his sincerity.



我 确信他的诚意。







2


) You are sure of a warm welcome.



你肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。





3


) I don't know for sure whether he will come or not.


(< /p>


我不很确切地知道他是否会来。







4


) Make sure that you turn off the light when you leave.


确保在你离开时把灯关掉。





5


) Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you.


< br>千万别忘了父母对你说的话。




2


.


Americans


don't


have


a


corner


on


the


“death”


market,


but


many


people


feel


that


the


United


States leads the world with the worst taxes.



have a corner


的意思是“垄断”


,例如:


have a corner on the cotton market



垄断棉花市场




have a corner on the black vo te



垄断黑人选票



。有时也会见到以


in


代替


on


的用法:


have a


corner in banking





lead


在句中的意思是“走在…前列”



“在……领先”



“胜过”





请翻译下面的句子:






1


) He leads his class in Eng lish.



他在班上英语学的最好。







2


) He led the broad jump with a leap of


26


feet.

< p>


他以


26



英尺的成绩在跳远中领先。







3


) Pollution still leads the list of major problems in that country.



污染仍然是那个国家的头


号严重问题。





3


. Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.





句中


which


引导的定语从句修饰


the money





请翻译下面的句子:






1


) This is the book that I just borrowed from the lib rary.



这是我刚刚从图书馆借的书。






2


) He put the money that his mother gave him in a safe place.



他把妈妈给他的钱放在一个


安全的地方。







3


) I don't remember where I put the CD that I bought yesterday.



我记不得把昨天买的


CD


放在哪儿了。





consist of


的意思是“由……构成”


,它与



make up of , compose of


的区别在于:


consist of



可用被动语态,而


make up of




compose of


可以用被动语态。例如:



1


) The house consists of


6


rooms.





2


) The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.





3


) The book is composed of


25


units.



4


. Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of


their salaries to the federal government.





句中


who


引导的定语从句修饰



people





请翻译下面的句子:






1


) The girl who helped me with my English is our monitor.



帮助我学外语的那个女孩是我


们班长。







2


) The man who knocked at the door just now is my next-door neighbor.



刚才敲门的那个


人是我的隔壁邻居。







3


) The boy who was shot to death by his classmate was only


8


.



被同学开枪打死的那 个男


孩才八岁。





在单词部分我们已经对


percen tage



percent


的区别有所 了解,


现在我们再来翻译几个句子:



1


)


税率从百分之十四到百分之七十 不等。



The


percentage


of


the


tax


varies


from


14


%


to


70


%.







2


)


学生的及格率达到了百分之九十 五。



The percentage of students who passed the exam


reached


95


%.







3


)


工业产量上涨了百分之十四。



The industrial output increased by


14


%.





5


. It depends on their salaries.





depend on


在句中的意思是 “视……而定”


。除此以外,还可表示“依靠”



“信赖”等。




请翻译下面的句子:






1


) < /p>


成功与否得看你的能力和努力。



Suc cess depends on your ability and efforts.







2


) Whether we can go outing depends on tomorrow's weather.



我们能否去郊游取决于明


天的天气。







3


) The old man depends on the government pension for a living.



那位老人靠政府的养老金


生活。







4


)


他总是依赖姐姐给他做作业。



He always depends on his sister to do his homework.







5


) He is not to be depended on.



他不可信赖。





6


. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April


15


, when the federal taxes are


due.





介词


with


在句中的意思是“由于,因为”


。例如:


With their support, we fulfilled our task


ahead of time.



由于 他们的帮助,我们提前完成了任务。




如果仅仅有月份,没有具体的日期,月份前用介词


in


,如果有具体的日期则用介词


on



例如:


1


) He was born in May.



2


) He was born on May


23


.





句中


due


的意思是


“到期”



例如:

< p>
The books are due, I have to return them to the library. (



到期了,我得去图书馆还书。





请翻译 下面的句子,注意


due


在不同语境下的其他意思:

< p>





1


) The train is due to arrive at


8


:


00


.



火车定于八点钟到达。

< br>)






2


) The baby is due in the middle of October.


婴儿的预产期为十月中旬。







3


) Due attention should be paid to this work.

< br>(


应该给这项工作以适当的关注。






4


) Old people expect to be treated with the respect due to their age.

< br>(


老人们期望受到他们这


个年龄的人应得的尊敬。







5


) His death was due to heart attack.



他的死是由心脏 病引起的。





7


. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.





句中的


that


用来代替

< br>the


加前述名词


tax


,以免 重复。




请翻译下面的句子:






1


)


南京的天气比青岛的天气热。



The weather of Nanjing is hotter than that of Qingdao.







2


) < /p>


黄金的价格比白银的价格要高。



The price of gold is higher than that of silver.





8


. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that


state.





句中前一个


which


引导的是一个 非限定性定语从句,


修饰


sales tax

< br>。


非限定性定语从句


通常在句中起进一步说明作用,


既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子。


如果省去,

原句意义不


受影响。


非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开;


关系代词不可用


that


< p>
而用


who, whom, whose


来修饰人 ,用


which


来修饰物,并且不能省略。



请翻译下面的句子:






1


) The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants and animals to live.



太阳温


暖了大地,这才使 动植物有可能生长。







2


) He failed the exam, which made him very disappoint ed.



他考试没及格,这使他非常失


望。







3


) He has a son, who is doing his PH.D in the United States.



他有一个儿子,在美国读博


士学位。





句中后一个

< p>
which


引导的是一个限定性定语从句,修饰


a ny item


。但是传统语法中通常有这


样的规定:当先行词 是


all



everything



something


< br>nothing


等不定代词,或被


first

< p>


only



few



much



so me



any



no


以及形容词最高级等词修饰时,


应该用关系代词


that



不用


whi ch



例如:


I am interested in all that you told me.


9


. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire department, public works and municipal


buildings.





work


用作单数时,通常指工作,例如:


I have a lot of work to do this afternoon.





用作复数时,

works


则指



1



著作:


The Complete Works of Mao Zetong



《毛泽东全集》




2


工程:


public works



公共建筑工程,市政工程





10


. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs.





spend too much (money) on sth


的意思是“把太多的钱花在……”



例如:

< br>He would spend


some money on books every month..



他每个月都花一些钱买书。







我们常常会碰到的另一个词组


spend some time (in) doing sth.


的意思是


“花时间做某事”< /p>



例如:


He spent a lot of time doing the experiment.


他花了很多时间做实验。




< /p>


在英语学习中,我们还要注意


pay


,< /p>


cost



spend

< br>在用法上的区别。请注意下面的句子:



1


) Tom paid


20


dollars for that T-shirt.





2


) The T-shirt cost Tom


20


dollars.





3


) Tom spent


20


dollars on that T-shirt.



请翻译下面的句子:






1


) < /p>


我借给他的那本新字典花了我三十多块钱。


The


dictionary


I


lent


him


cost


me


more


than


30


yuan.







2


) < /p>


把这辆自行车修一修要花很多钱吗?



D oes it cost much to get this bike repaired?





3


)


在过去的几年中,这家工厂花了 很多钱改善工作条件。



In the past few years, the factory


has spent a lot of money improving the working conditions.







4


) < /p>


她不喜欢把钱花在华而不实的服装上。



She


doesn't


like


to


spend


money


on


fancy


clothes.





5


)


买这部手机你花了多少钱?



How much money did you pay for this self- phone?







6


)


她花了一百多块钱买那双鞋。



She paid more than a hundred for that pair of shoes.






本课主要词组








1


. be sure of


2


. have a corner



3


. consist of


4


. vary from



5


. depend on


6


. a packet of



7


. in addition to


8


. complain about



9


. in the wrong way


10


. spend…on




11


. tend to


12


. agree on








本课主要句型






A




宾语从句:



1


) Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of.


2


) …but many people feel that the United States lead the world with the worst taxes.



3


) …they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes.



4


) They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.


5


) They say that it spends too much on useless and practical programs.


B




定语从句:



1


) Taxes consist of money which people pay to support their government.


2


) Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of


their salaries to the federal government.


3


) Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that


state.


4


) …people who own a home have to pay taxes on it…



5


) …and excise tax, which is char


ged on cars in a city.




美国五十个州









A. The New England States (


6


)






1


. Maine



缅因




2


. New Hampshire*



新罕布什尔








3


. Vermont



佛蒙特




4


. Massachusetts*



马萨诸塞








5


. Connecticut*


(< /p>


康涅狄格




6


. Rhode Island*



罗得岛









B. The Middle Atlantic States (


7


)






7


. New York*



纽约




8


. Pennsylvania*



宾夕法尼亚








9


. New Jersey*



新泽西




10


. Delaware*



特拉华








11


. Maryland*



马里兰




12


. Virginia*



弗吉尼亚








13


. West Virginia



西弗吉尼亚











C. The Southern Atlantic States (


11


)






14


. North Carolina*



北卡罗来纳




15


. South Carolina*



南卡罗来纳


)< /p>







16


. Georgia*



佐治亚




17


. Florida


< p>
佛罗里达








18


. Alabama


< p>
亚拉巴马




19


. Mississippi


(< /p>


密西西比








20


. Tennessee



田纳西




21


. Louisiana



路易斯安那








22


. Arkansas



阿肯色




23


. Texas



得克萨斯








24


. Oklahoma



俄克拉何马











D. The Central States (


13


)






25


. Wisconsin



威斯康星




26


. Illinois



伊利诺斯








27


. Kentucky



肯塔基




28


. Indiana


< p>
印第安那








29


. Ohio


< br>俄亥俄




30


. Michigan



密执安








31


. Minnesota



明尼苏达




32


. Iowa


< br>衣阿华








33


. Missouri



密苏里




34


. North Dakota



北达科他








35


. South Dakota



南达科他




36


. Nebraska



内布拉斯加








37


. Kansas



堪萨斯











E. The Western States (


13


)






38


. Washington



华盛顿




39


. Oregon



俄勒冈








40


. California



加利福尼亚




41


. Montana


< p>
蒙大拿








42


. Idaho



爱达荷




43


. Nevada



内华达








44


. Utah


< br>犹他




45


. Arizona


< p>
亚历桑那








46


. Wyoming


< p>
怀俄明




47


. Colorado



科罗拉多








48


. New Mexico



新墨西哥




49


. Alaska



阿拉斯加








50


. Hawaii



夏威夷











注:有


*


者曾为英国在北美的十三个殖民地,也是美国最早的十三个州。










Text B




Advertising


短语表达



1


. attract attention



吸引注意



He talked loudly to attract attention.< /p>



他大声说话以吸引注意。


< p>


2


. for the most part



在很大程度上,多半



These cars, for the most part, are made in China.



这些汽车多半产于中国。




3


. persuade sb. to do sth.



劝某人做某事




be persuaded to do sth.



被劝说做某事



The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.



医生劝我父亲戒烟。




The young man was persuaded to take up that job.



那个年轻人被劝说接受那份工作。




4


. a large amount of



一大笔



He borrowed a large amount of money from the bank.



他向银行借了一大笔钱。




5


. put out



发布,公布;出版;广播



The article was put out in a national magazine to reach a larger audience.



为了能 影响更多的读


者,文章被登发在一份国家级杂志上。




This newspaper is put out every day.



这份报纸每天出版。




The weather forecast has just put out a storm.



天气预报刚刚发出了暴风 警报。




6


. be characteristic of



为…所特有,是…的特征



Rainy days are characteristic of March.



多雨的日子为三月所特有。




7


. catch the eye



引人注目



The beautiful blue dress in the window caught her eye when she passed the store.


她经过那家商


店时,橱窗里漂亮的兰色连衣裙吸引了她。




8


. identify with



与一致;认为…等同于;跟…发 生共鸣,同情;



无意识地



仿效



His idea identifies with mine.



他的观点和我 的观点相同。




Never identify personal opinions with facts.



切莫把个人观点与事实等同起来。




All the money came from those who identified with him.



所有的钱都来自 于那些同情他的人。




Children usually identify themselves with their parents.



孩子往往会仿效自 己的父母。




9


. carry over



继续下去,遗留下来



The report was carried over to the next page.


报告转入下一页。




His habit carries over from his childhood.



他的习惯从小保留至今。

< p>



10


. as well as



和,也



Women, as well as men, have the right to work.



妇女和男人一样有工作的权利。

< p>





11


. over and over again



反复



He mentioned the incident over and over again, which really bored me to death.



他反复提及那


件事,真把我烦死了。




12


. put up with



忍受



Both water pollution and air pollution are becoming more and more serious but we have to put up


with them at the moment.

< br>(


水污染和空气污染都在变得越来越严重,


但是我们暂时 只好忍着。




13


. be responsible for



为…负责



It is not yet clear who should be responsible for the accident.


谁该对这起事故负责现在还不清


楚。



14


. decide on



决定,选定



They decided on their plan of action after hours of dis cussion.



经过数小时的讨论,


他们决定了


行动计划。




15


. be involved in



参与,介入



He quitted his job as he no longer wanted to be involved in politics.



他不想再介入政治便辞去


了工作。


< p>









大学自考英语





精华笔记


32006



11



02




星期四



13

< p>
:


34


Text A



The Altoantic Ocean


本课主要单词



1


. unwilling





adj.


不情愿的,不愿意的;勉强的



Selfish as she is, she is unwilling to share anything with others.




她很自私,不愿意与他人分


享任何东西。



He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.














尽管前面可能有许多困难,但他不 愿意中途放弃。




They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.




地方政府 勉强给了他们一些


协助。




2


. equator




n.


赤道



Ecuador is near the equator.



厄瓜多尔靠近赤道。




People used to believe that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.




人们过去认为,在赤道处海水是滚 烫的。




3


. bulge




n.


不规则突起;鼓起之处;



突然



上涨,增多










v.


使膨胀;塞满



Between


the


bulge


of


South


America


and


the


bulge


of


Africa


lies


the


narrowest


place


of


the


Atlantic Ocean.



大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。




The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.




图表显示龙年出生率的暴


增。




His schoolbag was bulging with apples when he came back from his uncle's orchard.









他从叔叔的果园回来时书包里鼓鼓囊囊装满了苹果。




4


. unusual





adj.


少有的;不寻常的;与众不同的,独特的



It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.



每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常


的事。




He has an unusual name.



他有一个不寻常的名字。




It is unusual to see snow in this regio n.



这个地区难得下雪。




This young man has an unusual talent for organization.



这个年 轻人有非凡的组织才能





5


. salty





adj.


咸的,含盐的







salt n.


盐;风趣






v.


用盐调味;用盐腌;撒盐于道


路上



He didn't have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.




他晚餐吃的不多,因为菜太咸


了。


< p>


It might be a good idea to wash these in salty water.



< p>
把这些放在盐水里洗一洗也许是个好主


意。




He added a bit more salt to the soup to make it tastier.




为了使汤的味道更好,他又加了一点


盐。

< br>)



His wit added salt to the discussion.




他的妙语使讨论增添了风趣。




Have you salted the potato?



你往土豆里加了盐了吗?




It took them a long time to salt the main roads.




他们花了 好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。




grind salt in sb.'s wounds


在某人伤口上撒盐,使某人痛上加痛



with a grain of salt



半信半疑地



Salt Lake City



盐湖城


< br>美国尤他州州府




salt mine



盐矿








salt shaker




瓶盖上有细孔用于匀撒的


< br>盐瓶



salt spreader



撒盐车





a saltwater lake



咸水湖




saltwater fish



海产






a salted egg



咸蛋




请注 意:形容词


salty


是由名词



salt


加形容词后缀




y


构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有

< p>
很多,如:


windy



snowy



rainy


< p>
cloudy



sunny



funny



muddy



foggy




6


. average




n.


平均数,平均





adj.


平均的;平常的,普通的





v.


平均



The average of


5


,


7


and


9


is


7


.



5< /p>



7



9


的平均数是


7



)< /p>



He receives an average of


50


calls a day.


(< /p>


他平均每天接到


50


个电话。

< p>



Mr. Brown could hardly believe that his son's work at school is below the average.








布朗先生几乎无法相信他儿子的学习成绩低于一般水平。




The average temperature yesterday was below zero.



昨天 的平均气温在零度以下。




He is an average student in his class.



他是班上的一般学生。




A man of average height came to see you today.



今天有一位中等身材的人来看你。




He averages one pack of cigarettes a day.



他平均每天抽一 包香烟。




The annual rainfall here averages


700


mm .



这里的年降雨量平均为


700


毫米。




7


.


spot




n.


地点,处所;点,斑点




v.


点缀;认出;准确定位




adj.


当场作出的;现付




She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.



假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。

< p>



She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.




她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我


们 。




She decided on a blue tie with white spot for her husband.




她给丈夫选了一 条蓝底白点的领


带。




There is a spot of ink on the white wal l.



白墙上有墨水渍。


< p>


He didn't want to leave a spot on his reputation.



他不想在名誉上留下 污点。




The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.



闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。




His shoes are spotted with mud.

< br>(


他的鞋子上有泥渍。




She is so special, you can spot her in the crowd easily.



她很特别,你在人群中能一眼认出她


来。




He was sent to spot the battery position of the enemy.



他被派去测 定敌炮阵地。




She was urged to make a spot decision.


< br>她被催促当场做决定。




on the spot



当场,在现场





in a spot



在困境中,在窘境中



put sb. on the spot



使某人处于难堪地位



put one's finger on sb.'s weak spot



指出某人性格上的弱点



spot check



抽样检查





spot survey


抽样调查



spotlight



聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心



spot news



现场报道的新闻





spot price


现货价



8


. range




n.


山脉;幅度,范围









v.



在某 范围内



变动,变化;把…排列成行



One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.




世界最长的山脉从大西洋洋底耸起 。




The age range is from


45


to


65< /p>


.



年龄幅度在


45


岁至


65


岁之间。




He is not very clear about his range of responsibility.



他对自己的责任范围并不清楚。




The question you asked is out of my ran ge.



你问的问题我不懂。




Prices of gasoline range from one dollar to one dollar and twenty a gallon.




汽油的价格从

1


美元至


1


美元

< br>20


美分


1


加仑不等。




The tiger-sharks range in length from nine feet to fourteen feet.




虎鲸的体长从


9


英尺到


14


英尺不等 。




The puddings are neatly ranged on the shelf.



布丁整齐地排列在架子上。




medium-range missile



中程导弹





wide range of interests



兴趣广泛



at close range



接近地





in/within range



在射程内



9


. peak




n.


山峰;顶点



The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.



山峰终年积雪。




His career is at its peak now, no wonder he will make greater achievement.




他的事业正处于鼎盛时期,毫无疑 问,他会取得更大的成就。




10


. vessel




n.


船,舰;容器,器皿



an ocean-going vessel



远洋轮




an escort vessel



护卫舰



a fishing vessel



渔船








a drinking vessel



饮具



11


. crew




n.


全体船员,全体机务人员



The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain's decision.



船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。


)< /p>



The aircraft has a crew of < /p>


6


.



这架飞机 有


6


名机组人员。


< br>


All


312


passengers and


6


crew members died in the plane crash.


< p>


312


名乘客和


6


名机组人员在飞机失事中丧生。




12


. becalm




v.



常用 被动语态




指帆船

< br>)


因无风而停止前进



In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.


< /p>



在使用帆船的时代,船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上 航行。




He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.




他在海岛北面因无 风而停泊了整整


一周。




13


. gulf




n.


海湾;隔阂;鸿沟



Can you tell me for sure who was the real winner of the Gulf War?




你能确定地 告诉我谁是海湾战争的真正赢家吗?




The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.




那 场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。




the Persian Gulf



波斯湾





the Gulf of Mexico



墨西哥湾



Gulf Stream



湾流,墨西哥湾流



14


. stream




n.


小河,溪流






v.


流,涌



They had a walk along the bank of the stream.



他们沿着河岸散步。




Lots of tree leaves are floating along with the stream.



许多树叶正随着水流漂浮 。




Tourists came into the cave in a steady stream.


< p>
游客们源源不断地进入山洞。




Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.



当她听到那个消息时,泪水 顺着脸


颊流了下来。




He didn't even frown when blood streamed from his wound.




血从伤口涌出时,他连眉头都


没皱一下。




a stream of cold air



一股冷空气





a stream of people



一股人流



a stream of lies



一串谎言








a stream of good ideas



一系列好主意



a stream of light



一道光线







stream of consciousness



意识流



go against the stream



逆潮流而动





go with the stream



随波逐流





stream-lined cars


流线型汽车



15


. current




n.



空 气,水等的



流,潮流;电流;倾向





adj.


当前的,通行的



The child had been swept away by the current.



孩子被水流卷走了。




A steady current of heated air rose from the mountain top.




一股热气从山顶源源不断升起。




There was a powerful electric current running through the wires.




一股强大的电流流过电线。




Mass media influence the current of public opinion.



大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。




Give me a current issue of Reader's Digest.


< p>
给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。




A long time ago, it was a current belief that the earth was flat.




很久以前,人们普遍相信地球


是扁平。




the main current



主流








a warm current


暖流



an alternating current



交流电





a direct current



直流电



current events



时事









current situation



当前形势



16


. affect




v.


影响;打动;



疾病



侵袭






effect





n.


效果;作用,影响;



His mood was greatly affected by the sad news.




那个悲痛的消息使他的心绪大受影 响。




Computers affect our life in many ways.


计算机在许多方面影响我们的生活。




Reading in dim light constantly will surely affect the eyes.



经常在昏 暗的光线下看书肯定会对


眼睛有影响。




The child was affected with high feve r.



孩子发高烧了。




The color gives the effect of being warm.



这颜色给人以暖感。




The wonderful sky effect on the festival night impressed everybody.




绚丽的节日夜空给每一个人都留下 了深刻印象。




I


just


hope


this


medicine


won't


have


serious


side-effect.




我只希望这种药没有严重的副作


用。




sound effect



音响效果





three-dimensional effect


立体感



lighting effect



灯光效果





cause and effect



因果



no effects



无存款



银行在空头支票上的批语




be of no effect


无效







bring sth. to effect



实行,实施



in effect


实际上









take effect



见效;生效



17


. climate





n.


气候



The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs.



(< /p>


气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。




In cold climates, some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.




在寒冷的气候区,一些牲畜得在室 内一冬。




In the present economic climate we can make greater achievement.




在目 前的经济气候下


,


我们能够取得更大的成就。

< br>)



weather




n.


天气



The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.




由于天气不好,足球比赛被推


迟了。




What's the weather like in Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.



杭州的天气怎么样?希望那


儿不那么热。

< br>)



18


. flow





n.








v.


流动




Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mountain.



暴雨把泥流冲下了山。




The doctor stopped the flow of blood.



医生把血止住了。




The river flows east into the sea.



这条河向东流入大 海。




19


. furnish




v.


供应,提供;装备,



用家具



布置



The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.




学校决定给图书馆提 供


一些新书。




They furnished all the passengers with life jackets.



他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。


)


She wants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.



她想用时新家具布置新 家。




20


. highway




n.


公路;





水陆



交通干线



The canal was the only highway for co mmerce.



这条远河是唯一的商业路线。




You can find many motels along the highways.



在 高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。




21


. float




v.



使< /p>



漂浮



Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.



彩旗在晨风中飘荡。




When winter comes yellow leaves float down.



冬天 到来时,黄叶飘落。




It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.



你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得


多。




本课主要构词法



Affixation





词缀法






1


.


反意词前缀


un-






unusual



unwilling




2


.


形容词后缀


-y








salty




3


.


名词后缀


-or









sailor


Compounding





合词法






1


.


复合名词











highway

< br>,


steamship



air plane




2


.


复合形容词









mid- Atlantic



eastward


本课简介



The


Atlantic


Ocean


向读者 介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现


在,也可以了解大西洋“ 制造”出来的世界之最。



本课主要语言点



1


. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.


在表示河流,海洋,


群岛,


沙漠等地理名称的名词前,以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定


冠词,例如:

< p>
the Yellow River



黄河




the Pacific Ocean< /p>



太平洋



,< /p>


the British Isles






列颠群 岛




the


Sahara



撒哈拉沙漠




the Alps



阿尔卑斯山脉






the Philippines




列宾




在表示某一座山,


岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词,


例如:


Yellow Mountain



黄山




Lake E rie



伊利湖



Hainan Island



海南岛




one of +


复数名词是英语中常见的用法,请翻译下面的句子:



She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.




她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之


一。




Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.



上海是世界最大 的城市之一。




印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。




India is one of the countries with the largest population


in the world.




尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。



Nil e is one of the longest rivers in the world.





one


of

+复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词,因此该从


句中 的谓语要用复数形式。例如:



This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.




这是今年出版的最佳小 说之


一。




Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.


史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。




He is not one of those who bow before d ifficulties.



他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。




但是在


the


only


one


of


+复数名词+定语从句 的结构中,定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名


词。例如:



He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.




他是男孩中唯一受到老师表


扬的。




Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.




海伦是那些女孩中唯一不化


妆的。

< br>)



separate from


是常用词组,在句子中的意思是“



使



分离,



使



分开”


,请翻译下面的句


子:



1



英吉利海峡 把英法两国隔开。



The English Channel separates England from France.




2



理论不应该脱离实际。



T heory should not be separated from practice.




the Old world


指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。


the New



World




指哥伦布发现的美洲


大陆。



2


. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.


for centuries


意为“许多世 纪”


。在英语中用介词


for


加表示时 间的复数名词的表达形式很常


见。请翻译下面的句子:



1



I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?



多日不见,一切都好吗?




2



I haven't seen him for years, I am sure he has changed a lot.




我多年没见到他了,他一 定


变了不少。




3



It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?




< br>我似乎等了你几个世纪了,你去哪儿了?




keep




from doing


是习惯用法,意思是“使…不…”





例如:


It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.


(< /p>


要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。




请翻译下面的句子:



1



Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.




大雾使得船只未被敌 人发


现。




2



We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.




我们没有办法使他 不卷


入那事件中去。




3



那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。

< br>



The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.




4



当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。





The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.




3


. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it.


make sb. unwilling to do sth.


意为


“使得某人不愿做某事”



例如:


His indifference to work made


everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.



他对工作的冷漠态 度使得所有的人都不愿与他合


作。




主语+动词+宾语+补语



SVOC< /p>



的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。请


翻译下面的句子:



1



His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.




他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼


火。< /p>




2



That film made him famous.



那部影片使他出了名。




3


< br>他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。



What he said just now made Mary very sad.




4



老师对他作文的评价令他失望。




The teacher's comment on his composition made him


disappointed.




5



What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.




他的所 为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。



< br>6



他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。





His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.




4


. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”.



Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.


这两个都是表语 从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。


结构为:


主语+系动词+表 语从句。



看下面的例句:


My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.



我的想法是我们应该尽快


跟他联系。




请翻译下面的句子:



1


) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.



我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。




2


) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.




太阳能的一个优点是用之不


竭。




3


)


问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。




The problem is who will take care of the children while you


are away.




4


)


看起来天要下雨。



It looks that it is going to rain.




请注意辨析


another



other




another



< br>an



other


构成,只和单 数可数名词连用。


other


可用于所有名词前。


another


+单


数名词表示不定的“另一个”< /p>



the other


+单数可数名词表 示特指的“另一个”




请看下面的例句:



1


) This idea is not very practical, will you think of another one?




这个主意不太实际,你能 另


想一个吗?




2


) This book is too difficult. Show me another one.



这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。




3


) Of the three books in my bag, two are published in China, the other is published in the United


States.



我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。




4


) Tom is here, but where are the other boys?



汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?




5


) I like this coat better than the other one.



两件上衣中,我更 喜欢这一件。




6


) This camera is more expensive than the other one.


这架照相机比另一架贵。




boiling hot


意思是“滚热的,酷热的”

< p>
。此处的


boiling


不是形容词而是副词,表 示热的程度,


修饰


hot


< p>


5


. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. < /p>


此句中,


that


引导的名词性从句作形 容词的补足语。例如:



1


) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.




我担心我两小时内写 不完这篇文


章。




2


) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.




他担心他不能给你一个明确的


答复。




3


) I am afraid that I have made a mistake.


(< /p>


我担心自己犯了一个错误。




4


) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.




我们相信自己能克服所有的困


难。

< p>



对“


be +


形容词



+ that


引起的从句”这类结构,语法家们有的认为


that


从 句做宾语用,有


的认为


that


从句做 状语用。


根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。


如:< /p>


I'm sorry that


you failed the exam again.


这个句子中的


that


从句起状语作用,相当于“…


because you failed


the exam again.




6


. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…



在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中


as


big


as


则是形容词的同等比较 。在这


类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如:



1


) This book is not half as interesting as that one.



这本书 还不如那本书一半有趣。




2


) My monthly income is only half as much as his.



我的月收入只有 他的一半多。




3


) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.




我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。




请翻译下面的句子:



1


)


我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。


(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.)


2


)


这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。


(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)


3


)


这个房间是那个房间的两倍。


(This room is twice as large as that one.)


7


. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.


suppose


常常做动词用,意思 是“假定;猜想;认为”


。例如:



1


) Let's suppose it to be tr ue.



让我们假定这是真的。




2


) I suppose he is very nervous.



我猜想他很紧张。




3


) I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies.




我以为他 很诚实,他却经常说


谎。




在本句中


suppose


也可以用


supposing



是 一个连词,意思是“假设


(=


if)


;假使…结果会


怎么样”


。例如:



1


) Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?



假如他病了,我们怎么办?




2


) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage





如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?




3


) Suppose something should go wrong




如果出了什么问 题会怎么样?




8


. It would take the ocean about


4000


years to dry up.


it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.


是很常用的一个句型。例如:



1


)


我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。


(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.)


2


)


他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。


(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.)


请翻译下面的句子:



1


) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.


那个男孩花了


3


小时才写完作业。




2


) It takes less than


4


hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.



从南京乘火车到上海只要


不到


4


小时。




3


)


他花了


4


天时间才走出密林。


(It took him


4


days to go out of the forest.)


4


)


照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。


(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old


man.


9


. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper.



on the average


在句子中的意思是“平均而言”


。例如:



1


) On the average, they drove


70


miles an hour.

< p>


他们平均每小时行驶


70


英里。


)



2


) On the average, they spend


20


yuan on food every day.



他们平均每天花


20


块钱吃饭。





a little


在句子中修饰


mo re



表示程度,


意思是


“一点儿,


稍许”



muc h


在句子中修饰


deeper



也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”


。例如:

< p>


1


) I feel a little co ld.



我觉得有点冷。


< p>


2


) He spent a little more than


20


yuan yesterday.



昨天他花了


20

块多一点儿。


)



3


) I feel much better now.



我现在感觉好多了。


< br>


4


) She is much more careful this time.



她这一次细心多了。




请翻译下面的句子:



1


)


干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。



I feel a little tired after a day's work.




2


)


她对她的同学有点不友好。



She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.




3


)


听了那个消息他开心多了。



He was much happier after hearing that news.




10


. This “deep” measures


30


,


246


feet


——


almost


6


miles (


9


.


6


km).




本句中的


deep

< br>做名词用,意思是“深处”



“海渊”

< br>(


水深超过


3000


英里







measure


在句子中做动词用 ,意思是“测量”



“有…深”


。例如 :






1


) This room measures


10


metres across.



这个房间宽


10


米。







2


) The bridge measures


17


kilometres long.



这座桥长


17


公里。




3


) The water tank only measures


2


metres deep.

< p>


这只水箱只有


2


米深。




11


. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.


本句中的



longest

< p>
与课文前几段中出现的


narrowest



saltiest



deepest


一样,都是形容词的最


高级形式。


因为这几个 词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,


所以,


最高级的构成 是在


词尾加


-est


。对于大部分两个 音节以上的形容词,最高级的构成是在形容词前面加


most


。 请


看例句:



1


) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.




他 想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。




2


) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.



这是我所 见过的最强壮的马。




3


) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.



老板想找最细心的雇工。




4


)


黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。




Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.




5


)


这条高速公路是中国最长的。< /p>



This express way is one of the longest in China.




6


)


这本书是三本书中最有意思的。



This book is the most interesting of the three.




rise


是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起 ”


。例如:



1


) The sun rises in the east .



太阳在东方升起。




2


) Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising.





给孩子服药,他的体温在升


高。




3


) The mountain peak rises above the clouds.



山峰高耸入云。




请注意区别以下动词:



1


) rise


不及物动词




起立;上升,高耸;浮现




The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.


The tower rises to a height of


70


feet.


An idea rises in my mind.


2


) raise


及物动词



< p>
举起;养育;提高;召集




If you have any questions, please raise your hands.


When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children.


The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.


He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation.


3


) arise


不及物动词




升起;出现;由…引起




Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.


New problems arise when old ones are solved.


His illness arose from malnutrition.


4


) arouse


及物动词




唤醒;激起,引起




The noise outside aroused him from sleep.


The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him.


floor


在句 子中的意思是“海底”


。在其他语言环境中,


floor


当然有其他的意思。如;



1


) He lives on the seventh f loor.



他住在


7


楼。




2


) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.




冬天时,


木地板给我温暖的感觉。




3


) He was given the floor at the meeting.



他在会上得到了发言权。




4


)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.



他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。




12


. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island


top


在句中做名词用,意思是“顶部,山顶”


。例如:



1


) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.



他第一个爬上山顶。




2


) When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.(< /p>


我们站在山顶时,


整个城


市尽收眼底




请翻译下面的句子,注意


top


的词类和意思:



1


) He shouted at the top of his voice.



他放声高叫。




n.


2


) He is running at the top of his speed.



他正以最快的速度奔跑。




n.


3


) He is the top student in the class.



他是班上的尖子学生。




adj.


4


) This is the top news of the week.



这是本周的头条新闻。

< br>)



adj.


5


) His father is a top diplomatic advisor.



他父亲是高级外交 顾问。




adj.


6


) Mother is going to top the cake with cream.



妈妈准备在蛋糕 上浇奶油。




v.


7


) He tops his father by half a head.



他比父亲高出半个头。

< p>



v.


8


) She needs a new skirt to match her top.



她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣 。




n.



top


有关的词组:



come out top



名列前茅






come out on top



出 人头地









from top to bottom


从上


到下,彻底地






from top to toe



从头到脚;完全


< br>





on top of the world


< br>非常幸福;


心满意足




13


. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso


Sea.




called the Sargasso Sea


是修饰


ocean


的定语从句,在其前省去了


which is






请看下面的例句:



1


) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around.





机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。






2


) There is much (that) the little boy can do.



有许多是那小男孩能做。




3


)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with.

< br>(


他正是我想与其讨论这个问


题的人。

< br>)



14


. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes


they were.


days


常常指“时期,时代”

< br>,有时也表示“一生;生命”


。请看例句:



1


) In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.





在他的 童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。




2


) In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.





在维多 利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。




3


) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.



他一 生中吃了许多苦。




crew


是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”


,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以 用复数,此句中


谓语动词用的是复数


were

< br>,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多


vessels





上的船员。


S ometimes they were.


句子中省略


beca lmed




15


. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.




furnish sth. to sb.


意思是“为…提供”


,我们同样可以用


furnish sb. with sth.


来表达这个


意思。例如:





They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.



他们为难民供应毯子和食物。






No one expected that he would furnish the information to the oppon ent.



谁也没有料到他会


把消息提 供给对手。




Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.





幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。




16


. One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.




the Grand Banks


在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句:





1


) This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist.





这个理论是由著名科学


家爱因斯坦提出的。


)< /p>





2


) This is Mr. Benjamin, dean of our department.



这是我们 系主任本杰明先生。




3


) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies


3


,


198


metres above sea-level.





中国最大的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔


3


,


198


米。


)< /p>



本课主要词组及句型



词组:



1


. separate from

















2


. keep sb. from doing sth.


3


. be unwilling to do sth.












4


. between A and B


5


. make sth unusual















6


. so



that


7


. dry up




















8


. on the average


9


. rise from


















10


. furnish sth for sb.


11


. pile up



















12


. from



to


句型:



A


.定语从句:



1


) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.


2


) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow.


B


.表语从句:



1


) One idea was that it re


ached out to “the edge of the world”.



2


) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.


C


.结果状语从句:



1


) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.


2


) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.


D


.形容词的比较级和最高级:



1


) The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large.


2


) It is more than


4


,


000


miles wide where Columbus crossed it.


3


) Even at its narrowest it is about


2


,


000


miles wide.


4


) Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.


5


) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico.


E



be one of


+复数名词



The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.


F



it takes sb. some time to do sth.


It would take the ocean about


4


,


000


years to dry up.


地理名称



1




< br>)


大洲和



< br>)


大洋



Asia



亚洲









Europe


欧洲











Africa


非洲
















North America



北美洲







South America



南美洲









Oceania









大洋洲




















the Antarctic



南极洲




The Atlantic



大西洋






the Pacific



太平洋







the Indian(


印度洋








the Arctic



< p>
冰洋




2


.常用词



continent



大陆





continental shelf



大陆架






subcontinent



次大陆







ice berg








mountain rang e



山脉









volcano


< br>火山










delta



三角洲












waterfall



瀑布




gulf



海湾


















straits;


channel



海峡








coast


line



海岸线













beach



海滩




3


.


大西洋之最



1


) The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world


2


) The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world


3


) Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean.


4


) Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean.


5


) The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world.


6


) The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian.


2


.


主要属海和岛屿



the


Mississippi








密西西比河








the


Hudson













哈得逊河











the


Amazon












亚马逊河



the


Congo















刚果河













Baffin


Bay














巴芬湾











the


Nigeria














尼日利亚河



the Rhine















莱茵河













the Caribbean Sea




加勒比海






the Mexican


Gulf












墨西哥湾



the


Hudson


Bay














哈得逊湾






the


Mediterranean


Sea





地中海









the


Black Sea

















黑海



the


North


Sea

















北海











the


Baltic


Sea










波罗的克海













Iceland



















冰岛



Greenland




























Faeroe


Islands





















Shetland Islands






设得兰岛



Bermudas















百慕大群岛










Azores



















亚速尔群岛







Grenada

















格陵纳达岛



Antilles













安的列斯群岛






Trinidad


Islands






特里尼达群岛




Malvinas


Islands






马尔维纳斯群岛



Bahamas

















巴哈马群岛




Text B




The Moon


短语表达



1


. tie to



与…联系在一起;使束缚于…




He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month.





他病得厉害,已经卧床

< p>
近一个月了。




Study ties smoking to many diseases.



据研究,许多疾病与抽烟有关。




I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you. I was tied to housework.





很抱歉我没能有时间和你一起去购物,家务杂事把我拴住了。




2


. except for



除了…之外




The room is empty except for some chair s.



房间里除了一些椅子空荡荡。




Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.(


除了几处拼写错误,你的文


章写的不错




3


. be near to



靠近




The park is near to our school. Let's go boating.



公园离我们学校很近,我们去划船吧 。




The police station is near to our community. It is within walking distance.



< br>(


警察局离我们社区很近,步行就能到达。


< p>


4


. face towards



朝向




My office is in the building that faces towards the street.



我的办公室在那座 朝街的楼里。




His new house faces towards the south.


< br>他的新房子朝南。




5


. keep



in mind



把…记在心里




I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind.




我不能肯定他是否会把 你说的话


记在心里。




I will keep this in mind for future ref erence.



我会记住这个,供以后参考。




6


. light up



变亮;使容光焕发




Her face lighted up when she heard the news.



听到那个消息,她面露喜色。

< p>



His face was lighted (lit) up with excitement.



他因 兴奋而满面春风。




7


. reflect



反射




Mirrors reflect light.



镜子反射光。




The white sand reflected the sun's heat



白沙地 反射太阳的热气。



.


The light reflected from the water into my eyes.



光线投过水面反射到我眼里。


< br>


8


.



enough for sb. to do sth.



足以让某人做某事



The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.



< p>
这间房够大了,


我们可以在里面开舞


会。




The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry.



这只篮子很轻,那个小男孩能提动。




9


. speak of


< p>
提到,说起




I have never heard him speak of his past.



我从来没有听他提起他的过去。




She always looks proud when she speaks of her son.




说到她的 儿子她总是很自豪的样子。




10


. otherwise



不然;另外的




He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten.



< /p>



他提醒了我,不然我可能会忘


记那件事 。




He is a little careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job.




< p>
他有点粗心,除此以外,他倒是很适合这个工作的。



He is honest, but his twin brother is otherwise.



他很诚实,而他的孪生兄弟则不 然。




11


. nothing but


(< /p>


仅仅,除了…之外没有什么




There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.



食橱里除了一片面包什么 也没有。




He asked for nothing but trust.



除了信任, 他什么要求都没有。







大学自考英语




精华笔记

< br>42006



11


< p>
02




星期四



23


:


31


Text A




Inproving Your


Memory



本课主要语言点



1


. psychological




adj.


心理学的



Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.


在赢得一场比赛中,心理因素常常起着重要作用。




Make sure all the kids are psychologically healthy.



确保孩 子们心理健康。





(the person who studies human mind


-心理学家


)


在希腊语中,


psycho


表示“灵魂”



“精神”



“心理”


。 在英语中,有不少词是用


psycho


做前

缀构成的。除了刚才提到的


psychology



psychological



< p>
psychologist


以外,常见的还有:


p sychoanalysis



精神分析





psychotherapy



心理疗法



等。



2


. focus



v.



使



聚焦,



使



集中



( focus on )




n.


焦点,中心



He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.



他正注视着墙上的一幅画。



Please focus your attention on the main problems.



请把注意力集中在主要问题上 。




This


area


became


the


focus


of


the


world's


attention


again.



这一地区再次成为世界注意的中


心。




The


27


th Olympic Games is now the focus of people's interest.



眼下第二十七届奥运会是人们兴趣的中心。




3


. basic adj.


基本的,基础的



They didn't make any effort to solve the basic economic problems.



他们没有做任何努力去解决基本的经济 问题。




He even didn't have a basic aim in life.



他连生活的基本目标都没有。




There are certain factors that are basic to a good relationship between the two countries.



有些因素对两国之间的良好关系是很 重要的。




It is necessary to teach them some basic mathematical sk ills.



教他们一些基本的数学技能是必

< br>要的。




4


. principle




n.


原理,原则;信念




principal adj.


主要的


n.


校长,负责人;委托人



He won't give in as it is a matter of principle.

< p>


这是一个原则问题,他不会让步的。




The two machines work on the same principle.



这两台机器的工作原理是一 样的。




No matter what you do




it is important that you have moral principle.



无论你做什么,道义很


重要。




Rice is the principal food for most of the Chinese people.



米饭是大多数中国人的主食。




Go and ask all the principal persons concerned to come here.



去请所有 有关的主要人员到这儿


来。




She is the principal of that school.



她是那所学校的校长。




5


. meaningfulness



n.


富有意义



mean v.


表示…意思,意味着;打算



meaning n.


意思,意义



meaningful adj.


有意思的,意味深长的



meaningless adj.


没有意思的



Meaningfulness and organization are the two basic principles that help memory.





信息的意义和组织是有助于记忆的 两个基本原则。




I don't know what he meant by telling me the news.

< br>(


我不知道他把这个消息告诉我是什么意


思。

< p>



Can you explain the meaning of the word to me?



你 能把这个单词的意思给我解释一下吗?




They failed to get meaningful results from the experiment.



他们在实验中没 有得到任何有意义


的结果。




It is meaningless to argue any further.



再争辩下去没有任何意义。




6


. organization




n.


组织;机构



organize v.


组织



China will surely become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).



中国一定会成为 世界贸易组织的一员。




Everything is in a mess because there is a complete lack of organization.



由于组织工作的缺乏,一切处于混乱之中。




He organized a strike for better working conditions.



为了争取更好的工 作条件,


他组织了一次


罢工。




He thought the meeting was badly organized.



他认为会议组织得很糟 糕。




7


. association n.


联合,结合;交往;协会



associate v.


使联合;把…联想起来;交往



( associate with )


associate adj.


副的



The


cultural


activity


was


organized


by


the


Chinese


People's


Association


for


Friendship


with


Foreign Countries.

< p>


这一文化活动是由中国人民对外友好协会组织的。




The picture reminded me of my brief association with the old lady years ago.



这幅画使我想起了多年前我与那位老太太的短暂交 往。




Her hometown has happy associations for her.



她的家乡给了她许多美好的联想。




It is really difficult for me to associate the two ideas.




对我来说把这两个观点联系起来很困


难。




He spent all his spare time associating with boys from the neighboring community.



他把所有的业余时间都花在与邻近社 区男孩的交往上。




People always associate the name of Abraham Lincoln with the American Civil War.



人们总 是把亚伯拉罕-林肯的名字与美国内战联系在一起。




an associate professor


副教授






an associate editor


副主编



8


. visualization n.


想像,设想



visualize v.


设想,想像



visual adj.


视觉的;看的见的;形象化的



Like meaningfulness and organization, visualization is also helpful to memory.


如同意义和组织,想像也有助于记忆。




I just cannot visualize what might become of him.



我无法想像他会变成什么样。




Even though I was not there, I can easily visualize the scene.



尽管我不在那儿,那儿的情景我


不难想像 。




I cannot say for sure if it was your visual illusion.



我不能肯定这是不是你的视错觉。




The stories he wrote are extremely vi sual.



他写的故事非常生动。




9


. rhyme v.


韵,押韵



rhythm n.


节奏



I cannot think of a rhyme for



seven



.



我想不出一个跟“< /p>


seven


”同韵的词。




She called him Guppy, to rhyme with puppy.



她叫他


Gu ppy


,是为了跟


puppy


押韵。< /p>




The rhythm of his speech held the attention of the audience.



他讲话时语调的抑扬顿挫抓住了听众的注意力。



Human biological rhythms are related to the natural cycle of day and night.



人的生物节奏与昼夜的自然循环有关。




10


. ability n.


能力,才能




Human beings have the ability to learn and use a language.



人类有学会和使用 语言的能力。




No matter what you do, try to do it to the best of your abil ity.



不管做什么,你都要尽力而为。



His ability to master


5


foreign languages wins him the admiration of all his classmates.



他能掌握五门外语的能力赢得了所有同学的钦佩。


< p>


He has good speaking ability, but his writing ability is poor.



他说的能力很好,


但写的能力差。




He is a man of outstanding ability .



他是一个有非凡才能的人。




11


. random adj.


胡乱的,任意的,随意的





n.


无目的或目标



The way the books were arranged seemed completely random.< /p>



图书排列的方式似乎很随意。




This is just a random selection of all the complaints we have received about our after service.



我们 只是对所收到的有关售后服务方面的投诉随意地选择了一下。




He opened the books at random.


他胡乱地打开了书。




When his wife was away, he piled the soiled dishes in the kitchen at random.



他妻子外出时,他把脏碟子乱七八糟地堆在厨房里。




12


. categorize v.


分类



category n.


种类;范畴;部门



If you categorize the information you need to remember, you will find it much easier.


< br>如果你把所需记忆的信息分类,你就会觉得记忆起来要容易得多。




They categorized


200


songs as folk songs.



他们把两百首歌归为民歌类歌曲。




These books fall into the category of reference books.



这些书属参考书类。




His research does not belong to the category of natural science.



他的研究不属于自然科学 范


畴。




13


. following adj.


接着的,下述的




prep.


在…之后



the following


如下



He promised the old man that he would come and see him again the following day.

< br>(


他答应老人第二天再来看他。




After the meeting the following teachers will stay.



会后,以下的老师 请留下。




The following examples will prove my point.



下面的例子将证实我的观点。




Following the discussion a decision was made.



讨论之后便做出了决定。




Following the concert he went home.



音乐会后,他就回了家。




The following are worthy of your attention.



以下 几点值得你们注意。




The winners of the competition are the following:




竞赛获胜者如下:…




14


. needless adj.


不需要的,不必要的



Needless to say, I don't think much of the proposal he put forward at the meeting.



不用说,我觉得他在会上提的建议不怎么样。


)< /p>



You don't have to take such a needless risk.



你不用去冒这种不必要的 险。




Don't you think it is a waste of time to give him so much needless are?



你不觉得给他这么多不必要的 关心是浪费时间吗?




15


. refer v. ( to )


提到,涉及;参考,查阅;把…归到…上;使向…请教;有关联



reference n.


参考;提及;关联



The whole thing is finished now, please don't refer to it.



整个事情都结束了,不要再提了。



He often refers to a dictionary for the spelling and meaning of a word.



他常常翻词典查阅词的拼写和意思。




He referred to her former classmates for her character.


他向她以前的同学询问她的品行。




He referred his defeat to poor health.< /p>



他把自己的失败归因于身体不好。


)< /p>



She referred me to Prof. Wang for detailed information.


< br>他叫我去王教授那儿询问详情。




The doctor referred her to a heart spec ialist.



医生嘱咐她转诊于一位心脏病专家。




These answers are for reference only.



这些答案仅供参考 。




His play is full of references to the political events of those days.



他的剧本涉及当时的许多政


治事件。




16


. relate v. ( to )


有关联;叙述,讲述



related adj.


有关的,相关的



relation n.


关系,联系



He related the story vividly to the whole class.



他向全班同学生动地讲述了那个故 事。




I don't understand how the result related to / with the ca use.



我不理解结果和原因如何关联。



If you want me to do this, you have to give me all the related material.



如果你想让我做这件事,你得把所有相 关的材料给我。




Don't worry too much about them, they have very good rel ations.



别太为他们担心,他们的关

< br>系很好。




The two countries have established trade relations.



两国建立了贸易关系。




17


. accurately adv.


准确地,精确地





accurate adj.


准确的,精确的



accuracy n.


准确,精确



Remember that you have to do this work carefully and accura tely.



记住,这项工作得做得细心


而准确。




Right now I cannot give you a very accurate estimate.



现在我不能给你一个非常准确的估计。


< p>


He required that the typing should be done with great accuracy.



他要求打字必须十分准确。




18


. memorize v.


熟记,记住



Our English teacher asked us to memorize the words we learned today.



我们英语老师要求我们熟记今天所学的英语单 词。




It is no easy thing for me to memorize all these telephone numbers.



熟记这些电话号码对我来说真不是一件容 易的事情。




19


. repeat v.


重复




repetition n.


重复



I didn't quite catch what you said just now. Will you please repeat it?



我没有听清你刚才说的话,请你重复一遍,好吗?




We cannot repeat our mistakes.


我们不能重复自己的错误。




Repetition is necessary in language teaching and learning.



重复在语言 教学中是必要的。




He memorized his lines after many repetitions.



经过多次重复他终于熟记了台词。




20


. preserve v.


保护,维持;保存



You will soon be near-sighted if you don't preserve your eyesight from now.



如果你不从现在起 保护视力,你很快会近视的。




What do you think the United Nations can do in preserving world peace?



你觉得联合国能为维护世界和平做些什么?




Deep freezing is the simplest way of preserving food.



深冻是保藏食品最简便的 方法。




词缀法



1


.


名词后缀




ation; tion; sion

organization



visualization



information



preservation



integrat ion




relation,ass ociation



repetition


separation



add ition


2


.


动词后缀




ize


organize



memorize



visualize



categorize

< br>,


familiarize


3


.


名词后缀




ence


reference



difference


4


.


名词后缀




ity


similarity



familairity




本课简介










本课介绍了在如何增强记忆方面心 理学所做的研究。


信息的意义,


组织,


联想和想像是


有助于记忆的几个基本原则。


如何运用这些基本原 则呢?课文对此一一作了介绍,


条理十分


清楚。学了本课,相信 会有收获。






本课语言点



1


. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.


research


在本句中做 名词,这个词也可以做动词用。请看下面的例句,注意


research


的词类


和用法:



1


) An excellent piece of research won him the international prize.

< br>(


一项出色的研究使他获得了国际大奖。




2


) Research shows that the potential of man's brain is limitless.

< br>(


研究表明人脑的潜力是无限


的。




3


) Much research has been done on / into diseases of blood .



在血液病方面人们做了很多的研


究 。




4


) Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.



科学家 们一直对脑损伤的起因进行研究。




5


)


They


felt


very


much


disappointed


as


they


had


been


researching


for


three


years


but


with


no


result. < /p>



做了三年的研究而没有任何结果,他们感到很失望。

< p>



focus


on


是一个常用词组,意思是“集中”


,在生词部分已作了较为详细 的讲解,在此,请


翻译几个句子:



1


)


他今天准是累了,他无法把注意力集中在工作上。



(He must be very tired today, he just couldn't focus his attention to his work.)


2


)


她觉得很不自在,因为所有的目光都注视着她。


(She


felt


very


uneasy


as


all


eyes


were


focused on her.)


3


)


这本书着重谈了中东的形势。< /p>



This book focuses on the situation in the Middle East.




a number of


的意思是


“许多”


< p>
请看下面的例句,


注意


a number of



the number of


的区别:



1


) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.



由于污染问题许多工厂被关闭了。




2


) A number of students have handed in their application forms.



许多学生都递交了申请表。


< p>


3


) The number of students in our school increases every year.



我们学校的学生人数每年都在增


加。




4


) The number of passengers who were injured in the accident is still unknown.



在事故中受伤的乘客人数还不知道。




2


. It is useful to know how these principles work.


it


在句中做形式主语,真正的主语


to know how these principles work


,此类结构我们在第一

< br>和第二单元已有了解。请看下面的句子:



1


) It is necessary to learn how to use the computer.



学会如 何使用计算机很有必要。




2


) It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.



找出森林大火的原因很重要。




3


) It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.



要 想知道他在想什么很困难。




work


在本句中的意思是“起作用;产生影响”

< p>
,请翻译下面的句子:



1


) The doctor said that the medicine would work.



医生说药会起作 用的。




2


) They didn't think his plan would work.



他们认为他的计划行不通 。




3


) They didn't expect that the teacher's encouragement would work such a change in him.



他们没有料到老师的鼓励会使他产生如此变化。



3


. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.


affect


是动词,意思是“影响”


。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词


affect


和名词


effect


混淆,


请注意下面的句子:



1


) The drought would surely affect the harvest.



这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。




2


) Excessive smoking affected his health, bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.



过度吸烟影 响了他的健康,严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。




3


) Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.



心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。




4


) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.



我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。




5


)


职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。


(The change in position greatly affected his income.)


6


)


他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。


(What he said had little effect on the audience.)


4


. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember.


that


引导的定语从句修饰


inform ation;


主句是


Information is difficult to remember.


不定式


to remember


用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子:



1


) Einstein was easy to get along with.



爱因斯坦很容易相处。




2


) To many foreigners, Chinese is hard to learn.


(< /p>


对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。




3


) The water in this river is not fit to drink.



这条河里的水不 适合饮用。




4


) This question is very difficult to answer.



这个问题很难回 答。




make sense


的意思是“有意义;可理解”


。请看下面的句子:

< br>


1


) No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.



无论你怎么读,我都不理解这个句子。




2


) What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.



读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。




3


) His explanation makes no sense to his students.



学生们不理 解他的解释。




5


. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.


动词不定式


to remember


在 句中做定语,修饰名词


ability


。请看下面的句子:



1


) You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.



你们应对自己完成认务的能力


有信心。




2


) He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.



他遵守了一大早来的诺言。




3


) They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.



他们有克服所有困难的决心。


< p>


4


) We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.


我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。




make a difference


的意思是“有关系;有 影响;起作用”


。请看下面的句子:



1


) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.



他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。




2


) Your participation in the work will make a great differ ence.



你参与我们的工作,


情况 就不一


样了。




3


) Money won't make much difference to him.



钱对他起不了多大作 用。




4


) I didn't like the appearance of the house, but the location and price made all the difference.



我不喜欢那房子的外观,但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。




6


. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.


句中的


bett er


是副词


well


的比较级形式,意 思是“更好地”


。请看下面的句子:



1


) This story is better written than that one.



这个故事写 得比那个好。




2


) This room is better furnished than that one.



这间屋 子装饰得比那间好。




3


) This team is better trained than that one.



这个队训练 得比那个队好。




4


) This job is better paid than that one.



这份工作的报酬比那份高。< /p>




information

< p>
是一个不可数名词,不能在其后加“


-s



。请看例句:



1


) There are many ways of obtaining information.

< p>


获得信息的途径很多。




2


) So far I haven't got any information about the game.



我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消


息。


< p>


3


) I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.



我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。

< p>



7


. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.


在第一单元的


Text B


中我们已经对


consist of


有所了解。


这一词组的意思是


“由…组成”




be made up of



be composed of


的意思相近,但


consist of


不用被动语态。请看例句:



1


) The United States consists of


50


states.



美国由


50


个州组成。< /p>




2


) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.



英国由大不立颠和北 爱尔兰组成。




3


) Their team is made up of


6


team members.


(< /p>


他们队由


6


名队员组成。




4


) Our class is made up of


45


stude nts.



我们班由


45


名同学组成。




a bi t


在句中的意思是“一点,一些”


,它可以用在形容词的前面< /p>


,


但是不能用在名词的前面。


在名词前 面必须用


a bit of


。请看下面的例句:



1


) I am a bit tired today.



我今天有点累。




2


) He said he was bit hung ry.



他说他有点饿。


< p>


3


) Your article is a bit long for our paper. (


你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。


)


4


) He gave the bird a bit of water.



他给了鸟儿一点水。




5


) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.




如果你能给我一 点宝贵建议我会很感激的。




6


) I only know a bit of Spanish.



我只懂一点点西班牙语。




8


. Categorizing is another means of organization.


句中的


means


是一个名词,意思是“方式 ;手段”


,它不是动词


mean


的第三 人称单数。请


看下面的例句:



1


) The quickest means of travel is by plane.



最快的旅行方式 是乘飞机。




2


) Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport.



自行车是最方便的交通工具。




3


) Email is a modern means of communication.



电子邮件是一种现代 通讯方式。




4


) He means what he says.



他说话算数。




5


) Forgetting the past means betrayal.



忘记过去就意味着背叛。




9


. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows




group into


在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”


。请看例句:



1


) We can group the animals into several types.



我们可以把这些 动物归成几类。




2


) Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.




把类型相似 的单词归类,记起来就更容易了。




as follows


的意思是“如下”


,请看例句:



1


) The full text reads as follows:



全文如下:


)< /p>



2


) The results are as follows:



结果如下:




10


. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we


remember accurately.



refer


to


这一词组的意思很多 ,我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉


及;指”

< br>。请看下面的句子:



1


) In the second chapter I will refer to this point a gain.



在第二章中,我还会提到这一点的。




2


) The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.

< p>


我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。




3


) The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.



作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。


)< /p>



we


want


to


remember



we


remember


accurately


都是省略了


that


的定语从句,前者修饰


material


, 后者修饰


something


。请看例句:


1


) The book you gave me is very interesting.



你给我的那本书 很有趣。




2


)


The


news


he


told


me


disturbed


all


of


us


greatly.



他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不


安。




3


) The information you gathered is of great help to m e.



你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。




句子中的


it

< br>指的是


the material


relate



to


在句子中的 意思是“与…有关系”


,请看例句:



1


) His talk mainly related to environmental protection.



他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。




2


) This regulation relates only to children under


12


.



这一规则仅适用于


12

< br>岁以下儿童。




11


. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are


asked to visualize the items to be remembered.


s triking


在句子中做形容词用,意思是“显著的,引人注目的”

< br>,请看例句:



1


) They made a striking commercial success within


5


years.




5


年的时间里,他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。< /p>




2


) Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.


海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。




3


) I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.


我不能确定他这次能否成功,其只是觉得他明显信心不足。




to be remembered


不定式的被动形式做定语,修饰


the items


。请看例句:



1


) There are a lot of things to be done.



有很多事要做。



2


) Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend?



你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗?




3


) This was the first project to be designed John's brother.



这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工


程。




12


. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the


second group used repetition to learn the words.



subject


在本句中做名词用,意思是“受试者,实验对象”



Subject


这个词的词义很多,请看


例句,注意


subject


的词义:

< p>


1


) The subject of today's discussion is



Population and Education



.



今天讨论的题 目是“人


口与教育”





2


) The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.



老师把故事的主题详细 讲给全班同学听。




3


) How many subjects are you taking this semester?



这学期你选几 门课?




4


) He became the subject for ridicule.



他成了人们取笑的对象。




5


) Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiment s.



兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对


象 。




6


) He is a Chinese subject.



他是中 国国民。




7


) This sentence doesn't have a subject.



这个句子没有主语。




subject


还常常做动词或形容词用,请看例句:



1


) The country was once subjected to foreign rule.



这 个国家曾一度受外国统治。




2


) Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.


< br>台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。



-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-13 00:08,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/646725.html

自考英语二大纲词汇的相关文章