-
大学自考英语
(
二
)
本课主要单词
1
.
successful adj.
成功的
He
is a successful writer.
(
他是一
个有成就的作家。
)
He hopes he
will be successful this time.
(
< br>他希望他这次能够成功。
)
success n.
成功
Their film is a great success.
(
他们的影片很成功。
)
We
are sure of success.
(
我们一定能成
功。
)
succeed v.
成功
I succeeded in getting the
job.
(
我成功地得到了这份工作。
)
She succeeded in passing the exam.
(
她考试及格了。
)
2
. adult adj. & n.
成年的,成熟的;成年人
These adult
films are not suitable for children.
(
p>
这些成人电影,儿童不宜观看。
)
Don't worry too much about him, he is
an adult now.
(
别为他过分担心,他是成年人了
。
)
3
.
disagree vi.
有分歧,不同意;不符,不一致
agree vi.
同意
I disagree with you about t
his.
〔对于这件事,我跟你的意见不同。
〕
These figures disagree with last week's
results.
(
这些数据与上周的结果不符。
)
I agree with what you said.
(
我同意你所说的。
)
She agreed to the plan.
(
她赞成这个计划。
)
We haven't
agreed on the date of the meeting.
(
我们还没商定会议的日期。
)
agreement n.
同意;协议
disagreement n.
不同意
We haven't reached an
agreement yet.
(
我们还没达成协议。
)
There was no disagreement,
and the proposal was accepted.
(
< br>没有不同意见,
这个建议被接
受了。
)
(
请注意:
前缀
dis-
通常可以加在动词,
名词,
形容词前面,
构成反意词。
例如:
di
ssatisfy
,
disorder
,
disable.
后缀
-ment
加在动词的后面,
构成名词。
例如:<
/p>
arrangement
,
argume
nt
等。
)
4
. statement n.
声明,陈述
(
由动词
state
加名词后缀
-ment
构成
)
V
ery soon he made his first
public statement about the affair.
(
他很快就此事件首次发表公
开声明。
)
Do you believe the witness's statement?
(
你相信证人的陈述吗?
)
(
请注意动词与名词的搭配:
issue a
statement, make a statement
)
5
. guarantee n. & v.
保证,担保,保修
He gave his
guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as
he could.
(
他保证他会尽快
还钱。
)
The washing machine is
guaranteed for five years.
(
这
台洗衣机保用
5
年。
)
(
请注意
guarantee
做动
词的用法:
guarantee
sth.
,
guarantee that,
guarantee against / from
)
6
. intelligent adj.
聪明的,明智的
He made an
intelligent decision.
(
他做出了明智
的决定。
)
Human beings
are much more intelligent than animals.
(
人类远比动物聪明。
)
Intelligence n.
聪明,智力
She prided
herself on her intelligence.
(
她为自己的聪明感到自豪。
)
Intelligently adv.
聪明地,明智地
They dealt with
the problem intelligently.
(
他
们明智地处理了这个问题。
)
7
. conversely adv.
相反地
Some are wealthy but
unhappy; conversely, others are happy but not
wealthy.
(
有的人富有但不快乐,相反,另一些人快乐但不富有。
< br>)
converse adj.
相反的
I hold the converse opinion
.
(
我的观点相反。
)
converse v.
交谈,谈话
He felt it
difficult to converse with Helen in English.
(
他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。
)
8
. similar adj.
相似的,类似的
The two animals
are similar to each other in appearance.
(
这两只动物外表很相似。
)
similarity n.
相似,类似
Their
differences are more noticeable than their similar
ities.
(
他们的不同之处比相同之处
更明显。
)
9
. independent adj.
独立的,自主的
(
这个词
的词根是
depend
,
在
depend
的后面加上后缀
< br>-ent
可以构成形容词,
加上
-ence
则可以构成名词;在
dep
endent
,
dependence
前面加上前缀
in-
又可以构成反义词。
)
depend v.
依靠,依赖
dependence
n.
依靠,依赖
dependent adj.
依靠的,依赖的
independence n.
独立,自主
India won its
independence in
1947
.
(
印度于
1947
年赢得了独
立。
)
10
. clue n.
线索,提示
The police
searched all the houses but found no clues.
(
警察搜索了所有的房屋,但是没有
发现任何线索。<
/p>
)
(
注意用法:
find /give
a clue to sth.
)
11
. conclusion n.
结论,推论
conclude v.
断定,决定
(
注意用法:
come to a
conclusion
,
jump at a
conclusion
,
draw a
conclusion
,
reach a
conclusion
)
What
conclusions did you come to?
(
你得出了什么结论?
)
12
. communicate v.
交流,交际,通讯
communication n.
交流,通讯
communicative adj.
爱说话的
To
communicate with him is no easy job, as he is not
a communicative person.
(
他是一个
不爱说
话的人,与他交流可不容易。
)
Speech and writing are man's most
important methods of communication.
(
说和写是人类最重要
的交流方式。
)
13
. inexact adj.
不正确的,不精确的
与
ind
ependent
一样,该词是由形容词
exact
加前缀
in-
构成的。
14
. incomplete adj.
不完整的
complete
adj.& v.
完整的;完成
This is an incomplete sentence, please
add the omitted part and make it complete.
〔这是一个不完整的句子,请加上
省略的成分使其完整。
〕
I
don't think I can complete the work in
2
hours.
〔我想我在两小时内干不完这活。
〕
15
. purpose n.
目的,意图,用途
purposeful adj.
有目的的,有意图的
purposefully adv.
有目的地,蓄意地
The
purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal
.
〔会议的目的是讨论他的建议。
〕
He let out the information purposefully
to you.
〔他有意向你透露了这个消息。
〕
16
. regularly adv.
经常地,定期地
regular
adj.
经常的,定期的
irregular adj.
不规则的,无规律的
If you
review your lessons regularly, you will do well on
tests.
〔如果你定期复习
功课,就能在考试中取得好成绩。
〕
17
. technique n.
技术,技巧,手艺
Good study
techniques help him to be one of the straight A
students in his class.
〔良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。
〕
18
.
outline v.& n.
概括;大纲,提纲;轮廓
He
listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.
〔在我简述我的原因时,他认真地听着。
〕
The
English teacher asked us to write a brief outline
of the story.
〔
英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。
〕
He
saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.
(
在月光下,
他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。
)
本课主要词缀
1
.
名词后缀
-ment
agreement,
statement
2
.
名词后缀
-ation,
-ion, -sion
communication, completion, conclusion
3
.
名词后缀
-ity
similarity, regularity
4
.
名词后缀
-ence
intelligence, independence
5
.
形容词后缀
-ful
successful, purposeful
6
.
副词后缀
-ly
conversely, regularly, purposefully
7
.
反义词前缀
in
inexact, incomplete, independent
8
.
反义词前缀
dis
disagree, discover
本课简介
How
to Be a Successful Language Learner
是一篇
典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺
序安排材料,作者要回答
HOW
或
WHY
方面的问题。在说明文
的阅读与写作中,要注意抓
主题句以及使文章内容启承转合的常用词句。
本课中,
作者从一句引言入手,
先谈了人们对语言学习的看法,
然后阐述了自己对学好
语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚,对我们学写说明文很有帮助。
本课语言点
1
. Learning a
language is easy.
这是一个
主语+动词+表语
(
SVP
)
句型。句中
lear
ning a language
为动名词短语,
在句子中
p>
做主语。再如:
Forgetting the past means b
etrayal.
(
忘记过去就意味着背叛。
< br>)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
阅读英语比讲英语容易。
(
Reading English is easier
than speaking it.
)
2
)
集邮是我弟弟的爱好。
(
Collecting stamps is my little
brother's hobby.
)
2
. Even a child
can do it.
even
在句中作副词用,
加强语气,
表示
“甚至
(
…也<
/p>
)
,
连
(
…都
)
”
。
如:
He even didn't
trust his best friend.
(
他甚至不信任他最好的朋友。
)
请注意
even
与
even if /
though
的区别并翻译下面的句子:
1
)
这个我连听都没听过。
(
I
haven't even heard of it.
)
2
)
即使花了数天时间复习,
他也没能考好。
(
He didn't do
well in the exam even though he
spent
days reviewing.
)
3
. Most adults who are
learning a second language would disagree with
this statement.
句中
who are
learning a second
language
为定语从句,修饰先行词
most
adults
,再如:
The man who wrote this book
is a teacher.
(
写这本书的人是一位教师。
p>
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。
(
The boy who is in a blue
jacket is our monitor.
)
2
)
你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。
(
The
book that you lent me yesterday is very
interesting.
)
句中的
w
ould
是助动词,表示“可能”
,
“
(
将
)
会”<
/p>
。例如:
A picnic without you
wouldn't be fun.
(
野餐没你参加会很没意思
。
)
助动
词
would
的用法很多,概括起来主要有如下几种:
1
)
表示过去将来时:
I felt confident
that everything would be all right.
2
)
表示意愿:
I asked him not to do
it, but he wouldn't listen to me.
3
)
表示习惯性:
Every evening, we
would go for a walk along the river.
4
)
表示虚拟,假设,条件:
If you had come
earlier, you would have seen him.
5
)
表示婉转地请求或建议:
Would you look
after my cat while I am away?
4
. They need hundreds of
hours of study and practice, and even this will
not guarantee success for
every adult
language learner.
注意句中
hundreds of
hours
的用法,阅读课本第六页注解
2
。
请翻译下面的词组:
1
)
十个学生
ten students
数十个学生
tens of students
2
)
五百年
five hundred years
数百年
hundreds of
years
3
)
两千年
two thousand
years
数千年
thousands of years
4
)
三百万美元
three
million dollars
数百万美元
millions of
dollars
5
.
Language learning is different from other kinds of
learning.
句中
be different from
意为“与…不同”
,如:
My
opinion is different from yours.
(
我的
观点与你的观点不同。
)
请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组:
Man is
different from all the other animals in his
ability to learn and use a language.
Man differs
from all the other animals in his ability to learn
and use a language.
The greatest difference
between man and all the other animals is his
ability to learn and use a
language.
从上面
的句子中可以看出
differ
是动词,
different
是形容词,
difference
p>
是名词。
6
. … find it difficult to
succeed in language learning.
…
find it difficult to succeed in other
fields.
句中的
it
是形式宾
语
(
formal object
)<
/p>
,
真正的宾语
(
real
object
)
是不定式
to
succeed in language
learning
,此类用法在英语中很常见,请注意掌握。如:
At first I found
it difficult to remember
all these new
words.
(
开始我感到记住这些单词很难。
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。
(
The
noise outside made it difficult for me to go on
with my work.
)
2
)
他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。
(
They consider it a waste of
time to argue any further.
)
3
)
她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。
(
She
thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the
truth.
)
7
. Language teachers often
offer advice to language learners.
本句中注意掌握动词
offer
的用法,请看
下面的例句:
1
) He
offered me a cup of tea after I sat down.
< br>(
我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。
)
2
) What suggestions would
you like to offer to those young teachers?
(
对这些新教师你有什么
建议要提吗?
)
3
) This shop offers all
kinds of stationery.
(
这家商店供应各
种文具。
)
4
) The old man offered me
100
yuan for the used bike.
(
p>
那个老人向我出价
100
元买这辆旧自行车
。
)
5
)
She offered to help me with my English.
(
她表示愿意帮我学英语。
)
句中的
advice
为不可数名词,其后不加
s
,正如课本第六页注解
3
所说,有许多东西在汉语
中是可数的,在英语中却是不可数的。如
news, information, paper
等,若要表示“
一个”这
类概念,就必须加
a piece
of
这类定语,例如:
a piece of news
a
piece of advice
a sum of money
a piece of
bread
8
. Read as
much as you can.
句中的
much
是副词,用副词作同等比较时,可以用
as
…
as
和
so
…
as
这种结构,如:
1
) Read as much as you can
and your vocabulary will be enlarged.
(<
/p>
尽量多阅读,你的词汇量就
会扩大。
)<
/p>
2
) We must
arrange everything as well as we can.
(<
/p>
我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。
)
3
) Please give me a call as
soon as possible.
(
请尽早给我打电话。<
/p>
)
4
) I
don't speak English so well as you.
(
我英语讲得没你好。
)
9
. Practice speaking the
language every day.
practice
在美国英语中可
以做动词也可以做名词,而在英国英语中,
practice
是
名词,
动词的拼写则是
practise
。
作动词用时,
其后只能跟动名词,
不能
跟不定式。
如:
It is really no fun
to practice running
in such hot weather
.
(
在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。
)
10
. Language learning
research shows that successful language learners
are similar in many ways.
that successful language
learners are similar in many ways
是宾语从句
。在非正式场合下
that
引导宾语从句时可省略。如:
I think (that) you are right.
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
小男孩承认是他打碎了窗玻璃。
(
The
little boy admitted that he broke the
window.
)
2
) <
/p>
大量证据表明他是有罪的。
(
Plent
y of evidence shows that he is
guilty.
)
3
)
我保证将会给他更多的帮助。
(
I
promised that I would give him more
help.
)
11
. … they
discover their own way to learn the
language. to learn the language
不定式做定语,
例如:
Is it
the best way to solve the problem?
(
这是解决问题的最好方法吗?
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
他没有勇气承认自己是无知的。
(
He
has no courage to say that he is
ignorant.
)
2
) <
/p>
这将是一个交流思想的好机会。
(
Thi
s will be a good opportunity to exchange
ideas.
)
3
)
他们在会上没有发言权。
(
They
had no right to speak at the
meeting.
)
12
.
Instead
of
waiting
for
the
teacher
to
explain,
they
try
to
find
the
patterns
and
rules
for
themselves.
动词不定式
to
explain
和名词
teache
r
构成复合结构,
作
wait for
的宾语,
称为复合宾语。
此类用法在英
语中很常见,例如:
1
) I'll
get someone to repair the bike for you.
(
我去找人来帮你修自行车。
)
2
) He wants you to call him
in the afternoon.
(
他要你下午给他打电话
。
)
3
)
The teacher is waiting for the students to answer
the questions.
(
老师在等学生们回答问题。
)
4
) You can count on him to
give you full support.
(
你放心,他
会给你全力支持。
)
请注意
instead of
与
instead
的区别:
1
) Instead of staying at
home watching TV
, he went out for a
walk.
He didn't stay at home watching
TV
, instead he went out for a walk.
2
) Instead of having milk
for breakfast, he had a cup of coffee.
He didn't have milk for
breakfast, instead he had a cup of coffee.
13
. When they guess wrong,
they guess again.
< br>wrong
常常作形容词或动词用,
而本句中的
wrong
则作副词用。
请注意下面句子中
p>
wrong
的词类:
1
) He was annoyed that he
had been given some wrong
information.
(
wrong
adj.
错误的
)
2
) I knew I had wronged her
terribly when I gave her all the
complaints.
(
wrong v.
冤枉
)
3
) The whole class burst
into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name
wrong.
(
wrong
adv.
错,不对
)
14
. … they look for such a
chance.
句中的
such
是前置限定词,可放在可数或不可数名
词前,如:
1
) I've
never seen such beautiful scenery.
(
我从没见过这样美丽的景色。
)
2
) He didn't expect that the
audience would give him such a response.
(
他没料想到观众们会给
予如此反应。
)
3
) She didn't
feel like going out on such a cold day.
(
她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出门。
)
从下面的句子中可以看出
so
与
such
的区别,
so
是副词,通常用来修饰形容词或副词:
1
) The question was so
difficult that nobody could answer it.
(
这个问题太难了,没人能回答。<
/p>
)
2
)
His eyesight was so poor that he couldn't see
anything clearly.
< br>(
他的视力不好,什么也看不清。
)
3
) He ran so fast that
nobody could catch up with him.
(
他跑得那么快,没有人能赶上他。
)
15
.
It is more important for them to learn to think in
the language than to know the meaning of
every word.
不定式短语
to learn to think in
the language
是句子的真正主语。
it
常常被用来代替不定式,
在
句子中充当形式主语,
而把真正的主语移到句子后面去,
这样使句子显得比较平稳。<
/p>
为了说
明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,便在不定式前加
for
引起的短语。又如:
1
) It is not at all
difficult for him to understand the poem.
2
)
It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand
at this time.
more important
than
是形容词比较级形式,请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。
(
Tom is
older than Mary.)
2
)
这本书比那本书更有趣。
(
This
book is more interesting than that one.)
3
)
我们班
的学生人数比他们班的多。
(
There are more
students in our class than in theirs.)
16
. … you have probably been
learning independently, actively, and
purposefully.
<
/p>
句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时,
表示一个动作从过去的某一时
间开始,
一直延续到
现在,可能还要继续下去。又如:
1
) He has been
working for a whole day.
2
) They have been watching
TV for two hours.
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) <
/p>
老李已经在南京生活了二十年。
(
Lao
Li has been living in Nanjing for
20
years.
)
2
)
雨下多久了?
(
How long
has it been raining?
)
3
)
我等了他一个多小时了。
(
I
have been waiting for him for more than an
hour.
)
17
. … if your language
learning has been les
s than successful,
you might do well to try some of
the
techniques outlined above.
less than
用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容
增加否定意味。又如:
It would be
less
than fair to put all the blame on him.
(
把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。
)
< br>
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
父亲
对他的成绩不太满意。
(
Father was less
than satisfied with his
performance.
)
2
)
这个计划远不够完美。
(
The
plan was a good deal less than
perfect.
)
do well
to do sth.
的意思是“最好…做”
,如:
She
would do well to go away from these
dishonest people.
(
她最好远离这些不诚实的人。
)
本课主要词组
1
. disagree with
2
. be different from
3
. succeed in
4
. offer sth. to sb.
5
. as much as
6
. practice doing sth.
7
. be similar to
8
. first of all
9
. depend on
10
. instead of
11
. wait for
12
. look for
13
. learn from
14
. communicate with
15
. be willing to
16
. be interested in
17
. in order to
18
. on the other hand
19
. less than
20
. do well to do sth.
本课主要句型
动名词做主语
1
) Learning a language is
easy.
2
)
Learning a language is a very difficult task.
B.
定语从句
1
) Most adults who are
learning a second language would disagree with
this statement.
2
) Some people
who are intelligent and successful in their
fields
…
3
)
They are good guessers who find clues and form
their own conclusions.
4
) They find
people who speak the
language
…
5
)
…
they can accept information
that is inexact or incomplete.
C. it
做形式宾语
1
) …some people…find it
difficult to succeed in…
2
) They find it
easy to practice using the language
regularly
…
D. it
做形式主语
1
) It is more important for
them to learn to think…
2
) It is
necessary for them to learn the
language
…
Text
B
Language
1
. not
only
…
but also
(
p>
不但……而且
)
例:
To some people language
learning is not only time-consuming, but also
difficult.
You can find
the place not only with the help of a map, but
also by asking the way.
2
. up and down
(<
/p>
上上下下,前前后后
)
例:
His eyes moved up and down
the rows of people, looking for the escaped
prisoner.
He walked up
and down the street, not knowing what decision he
should make.
3
.
neither
…
nor
(
既不……也不
)
例:
Neither you nor I should
be responsible for this accident.
This book is neither interesting nor
instructive.
4
.
mean to do sth.
(
打算做某事,想要做某事<
/p>
)
例:
I
meant to say
“
sorry
”
to him, but he didn't
want to listen.
He
didn't mean to hurt you.
5
. not at all
(
一点也不
)
例:
I am not at all tired.
He was not at all
frightened by the strange noise.
6
. consist of
(
由……组成
)
例:
Our class consists of
20
boys and
26
girls.
The medical team consists of
3
doctors and two nurses.
查看文章
大学自
考英语
(
二
)
精华笔记
22006
年
11
月
02
日
星期四
13
:
31
Text A
Taxes, Taxes, and
More Taxes
本课主要单词
1
. tax n. & v.
税<
/p>
(
款
)
;对…征
税
The government plans to
increase taxes by
3
percent.
(
p>
政府计划把税收增加三个百分点。
)
In
Britain, tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily
taxed.
(
在英国,烟草和酒类饮品的税收很高。
)
income tax
(
所得税
)
sales tax
(
销售税
)
import tax
(
进口税
)
housing and land tax
(
房地产税
)
V
AT (value-added tax)
(
增值税
)
poll tax
(
人头税
)
tax-collector
p>
(
税务员
)
tax-payer
(
纳税人
)
dodge tax
(
逃税,漏税
)
tax-free
(
免税的
)
2
. type n.
类型,种类,品种
v.
打字
No
one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.
p>
(
没有人知道他为什么不喜欢这种工作。
)
The manager asked Mary to
type the letter again.
(
经理要玛丽
把信重打一遍。
)
typ
ewriter
(
打字机
)
typist
(
打字员
)
3
. salary n.
工资
v.
(
常用被动语态
)
给…发薪
salaried adj.
拿薪水的,领工资的
She was happy to know that she would
get a promotion and an increase in salary.
< br>(
得知她将得到
提级和加薪,她很开心。
)
Don't worry about him, he
will be salaried by a big company.
(
别为他担心,一家大公司会
给他发薪水。
)
p>
With his knowledge and experience he
was bound to get a high-salaried post.
(
凭借他的知识
和经验,他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。
)
salary
和
wage
的区别在于:
salary
是指为从事非体力劳动的人按月支付的薪水,
wage
则通<
/p>
常指为从事体力劳动的人按周支付的薪水。
4
. earn v.
挣得;赢得,获得
He worked
14
hours a day in order that
he could earn enough to support the family.
(
为了能
挣足够的钱养家,他每天工作十四小时。
p>
)
His sincerity earns him
friends wherever he goes.
(
无论
走到哪,
他的真诚都能赢得朋友。
)
5
. percentage n.
百分比,百分率;比例,部分
percent / per
cent n.
每百中,百分之…
The percentage of university enrollment
will be greatly increased this year.
(
p>
今年,大学录取的
百分比将大大提高。
)<
/p>
About
70
percent
of high school graduates in Nanjing will be
enrolled by universities this
year.
(
今年,南京的高中毕业生将有百分之七十被高校录取。
)
6
. vary vi.
变化,有不同
vt.
改变,使不同
Prices of
fish vary from
70
cents a
pound to one dollar a pound.
(
鱼的价格从七十美分到一美元
一磅不等。
)
< br>
The weather in this area varies from
hour to hour.
(
这儿的天气时刻有变化。
)
I didn't vary my plan at
the last moment.
(
我在最后一刻没有改变我
的计划。
)
7
. graduated adj.
(
税
)
累进的;刻度的
graduate
v. & n.
毕业;毕业生
graduation n.
毕业
As
the federal government has a graduated income tax,
the more you earn, the higher tax you have
to pay.
因为联邦政府实行累进所得税,所以,你挣的
越多,缴的所得税就越高。
A graduated glass will
enable you to know how much water you have put
into the vessel.
(
量
杯能够使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。
)
He graduated from high
school last year. But it was difficult for a high
school graduate to find a
satisfactory
job.
(
他去年高中毕业,但是高中毕业生要找一份称心如意的工作是很困难的。
)
After graduation she went to
work in a hospital as a nurse.
(
毕业后,
她去医院做了一名护士。
)
< br>
8
. sale n.
出售,卖;廉价出售
sell v.
卖
Mr.
Smith is now interested in my car and I hope I can
make the sale today.
(
史密斯先生现在
对
我的汽车感兴趣,我希望今天就能卖成。
)
< br>
He sold his bike to Tom.
(
他把自行车卖给了汤姆。
)
for
sale
(
待售
)
on sale
(
上市的
)
a clearance sal
e
(
清仓拍卖
)
sales department
(
营业部
)
sales promotion
(
促
销活动
)
sales manage
r
(
销售经理
)
salesperson / salesclerk
(
营业员
)
9
. charge v.
索价;指控;使充满
n.
价钱;指控;负责
He charged me
10
yuan for a bowl of plain
rice.
(
一碗白米饭,他要了我十块钱。
< br>)
The young man was charged
with stealing.
(
那个年轻人被指控犯了盗窃罪
。
)
Charge your glasses and
drink to our friendship.
(
斟满杯
,为我们的友谊干杯。
)
The charge for a front-row seat is
250
yuan.
(
前排座位票价
250
元。
)<
/p>
The police arrested him on a charge of
murder.
(
警察以谋杀罪拘捕了他。
)
Who will be in charge of our class when
the teacher is away?
(
老师不在的时候
,谁管我们
班?
)
10
. figure n.
数字;人物;外形
v.
想出;算出;估计
He has a good head for figu
res.
(
他的数字概念很强。
)
p>
No one had expected that his savings
could reach
5
figures in
such a short time.
(
谁也没料到
在这么短的时间里,他的存款能达到五位数。
)
He
was an important figure in American history.
(
他是美国历史上的重要人物。
)
< br>
She was always worrying about her
figure as she couldn't resist the temptation of
chocolates.
(
她抵御不了巧克力的诱惑,所以总
是担心自己的体形。
)
We are trying to figure out a way to
help them.
(
我们正在想办法帮助他们。
)
Figure out the expenses and
see if we have enough money.
(
算一算费用,看看我们的钱是
否够。
)
She brought an umbrella as she figured
they might need it.
(
她带了一把伞,因
为她估计他
们会需要。
)
11
. add v.
增加,增添
addition n.
加
(
in
addition to
除…之外
)
additional adj.
附加的,另外的
The fire
is going out, add more wood to it.
(
火要灭了,再加些木柴。
)
His
explanation adds to my confusion.
(
他的解释使我更加糊涂。
)
In addition to leaves, these animals
eat a great deal of fruit.
(
除
了树叶之外,这些动物还吃大量
的水果。
)
It will take an additional two days
to finish the work.
(
还要再花两天时间
才能完成这项工作。
)
12
. revenue n.
收入,收益;税收
The
manager is worrying about the drop in advertising
revenue.
(
经理正为广告收入的下降着
急。
)
The
loss
of
tax
revenue
in
many
areas
is
getting
higher.
(
许多地区的税收流失
越来越严
重。
)
the
Public Revenue
(
财政收入,国库收入
)
Inland Revenue
(<
/p>
国内税收
)
revenue department
(
税务部门
)
13
. diverse adj.
不同的;多种多样的
diversity n.
多样性;差异
He is a man of diverse talent.
(
他是一个有多种才能的人。
)
They offered us diverse suggestions at
the meeting.
(
他们在会上给我们提出了各种各样
的
建议。
)
His writing displays the diversities of
human behavior.
(
他的作品展示了人类行为的
多样性。
)
A great
diversity of methods has been tried in doing this
experiment.
(
实验中尝试过各种各
样的方法。
)
14
. confuse v.
使混乱,混淆
confusion n.
混乱,慌乱
What he said just now confuses all of u
s.
(
他刚才说的话把我们都弄糊涂了。
)
Her answers have only added to his conf
usion.
(
她的回答只使他更加糊涂。
)
15
. property n.
财
产,资产;
(
房
)
地产;特性,性质
That car is my
property, you cannot use it without my permission.
(
那辆车是我的财产,没我的
允许,你
不能动用。
)
The city is
growing and property in the center is becoming
more valuable.
(
城市在发展,市
中心的房地产越来越有价值了。
)
Many plants have medicinal properties.<
/p>
(
许多植物有药用特性。
)
state property
(
国家财产
)
personal property
(
动产
)
real property /
estate
(
不动产
)
intellectual property
(
知识产权
)
16
. excise n.
国产税,本国消费税
exercise n.& v.
行使,运用;锻炼;练习
customs n.
关税
(
Customs
海关
)
17
. fund n.
基金,专款;储备,贮存
v.
提供资金,供以款项
We
would
set
up
a
fund
to
help
those
children
whose
parents
couldn't
afford
to
send
them
to
school.
p>
(
我们将设立一项基金,帮助那些父母供不起他们读书的孩子。
p>
)
They have a fund of
knowledge and experience to draw on.
(
p>
他们有丰富的知识和经验可利
用。
)
This research is
funded by the government.
(
这项
研究由政府提供资金。
)
18
. department n.
部,部门;系科
the State
Department
(
美国
)
p>
国务院
the
Department of Education
教育部
department store
百货商店
the department
of physics
物理系
19
. municipal adj.
市的,市政的
the municipal
government
市政府
municipal
administration
市政管理
a municipal
university
市立大学
20
. complain v.
抱怨,埋怨,发牢骚,诉苦
complaint n.
抱怨,诉说
He complained to the manager about / of
the poor after-service.
(
他对经理
抱怨说售后服务太
差。
)
She
complained about / of her husband's carelessness.<
/p>
(
她抱怨说她丈夫太粗心。
)
The teacher complained that the
students didn't work hard enough.
(
老师抱怨学生学习不够
努力。
)
< br>
It is a common
complaint that today's children lack the sense of
cooperation.
(
人们常常抱怨今天
的孩子缺少合作意识。
)
21
. impractical adj.
不切实际的,不能实行的
practical adj.
实际的,可行的
His
suggestion sounds good, but it is really impractic
al.
(
他的建议听起来不错,但是的确不切
< br>实际。
)
How long will
it be before this theory can be put into practical
use?
(
这一理论还要多久才
能被
实际运用
?
)
22
. program n. <
/p>
计划;
(
电视
)
节目;程序
v.
使按预定步骤工作;编程
They are drawing up a program of water
purification.
(
他们正在制定一个净水计划。<
/p>
)
Tonight's TV programs will
be very interesting.
(
今晚的电视节目
会非常有趣。
)
I know nothing about computer programs.
(
我对电脑编程一窍不通。
)
You can program it to do different
tasks at specific times.
(
你可以
使它在特定的时间按计划
完成各项不同的任务。
)
23
. view
n.
看法,观点;视野,眼界;景色,风景
v.
看待,考虑
He was unwilling to express
his views on what had happened.
(
他不愿意就所发生的一切发表自
己的观点。
)
When we stood on the top of the
mountain, the whole city came into our view.
(
我们站在山
顶时,整个城市尽收眼底。
)
Looking out of the window,
he had a fine view of the Slender West Lake.
(
朝窗外望去,他
看到了瘦西湖的美景。
)
Several
possible buyers have come to view your car.
(
几个想买车的人来看过你的车了。
)
If you stand in his shoes to view the
problem, you will come to a totally different
conclusion.
(
如果你站在他的立场上来考虑这个
问题,你会得出完全不同的结论。
)
24
. issue n.
问题,争论点;发行
v.
出版,发行,颁布
At today's meeting we have to spend
some time discussing this issue.
(
在今天的会上,我们得花
点时间讨论这个问题。
)<
/p>
The minute he got the latest issue of
the sports magazine, he read it with great interes
t.
(
一拿
到最新一期的体育杂志,他
就津津有味地看了起来。
)
Her first novel issued in May.
(
她的第一部小说于五月份出版了。
)
He issued instructions that the
prisoners should be set free.
(
他下令释放犯人。
)
25
. tend v.
护理,照管
tend to
易于,往往会;倾向于
She is tending a very sick patient.
(
她在护理一位重病人。
)
< br>
In addition to his full-time job, he
tends a bar.
(
除了一份全日制的工作,他还照管
一个酒
吧。
)
When you ask her more than
one question, she tends to get impatient.
(
你问她两个以上的问题,
她往往会不耐烦。
)
He tends to be optimistic
no matter what happens.
(
无任发生
任何事情,
他总倾向于乐观。
)
本课主要构词法
Conversion
(
转类法──名词和动词相互转类
)
tax
type
salary
charge
packet
figure
fund
protest
program
view
issue
tend
本课简介
Taxes, Taxes, and More Taxes
介绍了美国三级政府
(
联邦政府,州政府,市政府
)
征收
的三种税
(
income tax
,
sales
tax
,
property tax and excise
tax
)
。美国人对税收的一致看法是:
The taxes are too high.
这篇文章对我们了解美国社会很有帮助,值得一读。
本课主要语言点
1
.
Americans often say that there are two things a
person can be sure of in life: death and taxes.
句中的
that
引导的是一个宾语从句,
例如
:
Everybody knows that the earth goes
around the
sun.
(
众
所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
他知道我不会责怪他。
(He knew that I
wouldn't blame him.)
2
)
妈妈说他必须在六点以前回来。
(Mother said
that he had to be back before
6
:
00
.)
3
)
我想天气很快会放晴。
(I think that it
is going to clear up soon.)
4
)
我相信他对我说了实话。
(I believe that
he told me the truth.)
句中的
a person can be sure of
…是定语从句,
修饰
two
things,
引导定语从句的关系代词
that
被省去了。例如:
Have you found the book
you want?
(
你找到你要的书了吗?
< br>)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
他找到了他丢失的那块表。
(He found the
watch he had lost.)
2
)
这儿有很多我感兴趣的书。
(There are many
books I am interested in.)
be sure of
的意思是“对……确信无疑”
,例如:
─
Is
he going to call us at
9
:
00
?
(
他会在九点给我们打电话吗?
)
p>
─
Yes, I am sure
of it.
(
是的,我肯定。
)<
/p>
翻译下面的句子,掌握
sure
的用法:
1
) I
am sure of his sincerity.
(
我
确信他的诚意。
)
2
)
You are sure of a warm welcome.
(
你肯定会受到热烈的欢迎。
)
3
) I don't know
for sure whether he will come or not.
(<
/p>
我不很确切地知道他是否会来。
)
4
) Make sure that you turn
off the light when you leave.
(
确保在你离开时把灯关掉。
)
5
) Be sure not to forget
what your parents said to you.
(
< br>千万别忘了父母对你说的话。
)
2
.
Americans
don't
have
a
corner
on
the
“death”
market,
but
many
people
feel
that
the
United
States leads the
world with the worst taxes.
have a corner
的意思是“垄断”
,例如:
have a corner on the cotton
market
(
垄断棉花市场
)
p>
;
have a corner on the black vo
te
(
垄断黑人选票
)
。有时也会见到以
in
代替
on
的用法:
have a
corner in banking
lead
在句中的意思是“走在…前列”
,
“在……领先”
,
“胜过”
。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) He leads his class in Eng
lish.
(
他在班上英语学的最好。
)
2
) He led the broad jump
with a leap of
26
feet.
(
他以
26
英尺的成绩在跳远中领先。
)
3
) Pollution still leads the
list of major problems in that country.
(
污染仍然是那个国家的头
号严重问题。
)
3
.
Taxes consist of money which people pay to support
their government.
句中
which
引导的定语从句修饰
the
money
。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
This is the book that I just borrowed from the lib
rary.
(
这是我刚刚从图书馆借的书。
)
2
) He put the money that his
mother gave him in a safe place.
(
他把妈妈给他的钱放在一个
安全的地方。
)
3
) I don't remember where I
put the CD that I bought yesterday.
(
p>
我记不得把昨天买的
CD
放在哪儿了。
p>
)
consist
of
的意思是“由……构成”
,它与
make up of , compose of
的区别在于:
consist
of
不
可用被动语态,而
make
up of
和
compose of
可以用被动语态。例如:
1
) The house consists of
6
rooms.
2
)
The medical team is made up of three doctors and a
nurse.
3
) The book is composed of
25
units.
4
. Salaried people who earn
more than a few thousand dollars must pay a
certain percentage of
their salaries to
the federal government.
句中
who
引导的定语从句修饰
people
。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) The girl who helped me
with my English is our monitor.
(
帮助我学外语的那个女孩是我
们班长。
)
2
) The man who knocked at
the door just now is my next-door neighbor.
(
刚才敲门的那个
人是我的隔壁邻居。
)
3
) The boy who
was shot to death by his classmate was only
8
.
(
被同学开枪打死的那
个男
孩才八岁。
)
在单词部分我们已经对
percen
tage
和
percent
的区别有所
了解,
现在我们再来翻译几个句子:
1
)
税率从百分之十四到百分之七十
不等。
(
The
percentage
of
the
tax
varies
from
14
%
to
70
%.
)
2
)
学生的及格率达到了百分之九十
五。
(
The percentage of
students who passed the exam
reached
95
%.
)
3
)
工业产量上涨了百分之十四。
(
The
industrial output increased by
14
%.
)
5
. It depends on
their salaries.
depend on
在句中的意思是
“视……而定”
。除此以外,还可表示“依靠”
;
“信赖”等。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) <
/p>
成功与否得看你的能力和努力。
(
Suc
cess depends on your ability and
efforts.
)
2
)
Whether we can go outing depends on tomorrow's
weather.
(
我们能否去郊游取决于明
天的天气。
)
3
)
The old man depends on the government pension for
a living.
(
那位老人靠政府的养老金
生活。
)
4
)
他总是依赖姐姐给他做作业。
(
He
always depends on his sister to do his
homework.
)
5
)
He is not to be depended on.
(
他不可信赖。
)
6
. With the high cost of
taxes, people are not very happy on April
15
, when the federal taxes
are
due.
介词
with
在句中的意思是“由于,因为”
。例如:
With
their support, we fulfilled our task
ahead of time.
(
由于
他们的帮助,我们提前完成了任务。
)
如果仅仅有月份,没有具体的日期,月份前用介词
in
,如果有具体的日期则用介词
on
,
例如:
1
)
He was born in May.
2
) He was born on May
23
.
句中
due
的意思是
“到期”
,
例如:
The books are due, I have to return them to the library. (
书
到期了,我得去图书馆还书。
)
请翻译
下面的句子,注意
due
在不同语境下的其他意思:
1
) The train is due to
arrive at
8
:
00
.
(
火车定于八点钟到达。
< br>)
2
) The baby is
due in the middle of October.
(
婴儿的预产期为十月中旬。
)
3
)
Due attention should be paid to this work.
< br>(
应该给这项工作以适当的关注。
)
4
) Old people expect to be
treated with the respect due to their age.
< br>(
老人们期望受到他们这
个年龄的人应得的尊敬。
)
5
) His death was
due to heart attack.
(
他的死是由心脏
病引起的。
)
7
. Some states have an
income tax similar to that of the federal
government.
p>
句中的
that
用来代替
< br>the
加前述名词
tax
,以免
重复。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
南京的天气比青岛的天气热。
(
The
weather of Nanjing is hotter than that of
Qingdao.
)
2
) <
/p>
黄金的价格比白银的价格要高。
(
The
price of gold is higher than that of
silver.
)
8
. Other states have a sales
tax, which is a percentage charged to any item
which you buy in that
state.
句中前一个
which
引导的是一个
非限定性定语从句,
修饰
sales tax
< br>。
非限定性定语从句
通常在句中起进一步说明作用,
p>
既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个句子。
如果省去,
原句意义不
受影响。
非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开;
关系代词不可用
that
,
而用
who, whom, whose
来修饰人
,用
which
来修饰物,并且不能省略。
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) The sun warms the earth,
which makes it possible for plants and animals to
live.
(
太阳温
暖了大地,这才使
动植物有可能生长。
)
2
)
He failed the exam, which made him very disappoint
ed.
(
他考试没及格,这使他非常失
望。
)
3
) He has a son,
who is doing his PH.D in the United States.
(
他有一个儿子,在美国读博
士学位。
)
句中后一个
which
引导的是一个限定性定语从句,修饰
a
ny item
。但是传统语法中通常有这
样的规定:当先行词
是
all
,
everything
p>
,
something
,
< br>nothing
等不定代词,或被
first
,
only
,
few
p>
,
much
,
so
me
,
any
,
no
以及形容词最高级等词修饰时,
应该用关系代词
that
,
不用
whi
ch
。
例如:
I am
interested in all that you told me.
9
. The cities use these
funds for education, police and fire department,
public works and municipal
buildings.
work
用作单数时,通常指工作,例如:
I have a lot
of work to do this afternoon.
用作复数时,
works
则指
1
)
著作:
The Complete Works
of Mao Zetong
(
《毛泽东全集》
)
2
)
工程:
public works
(
公共建筑工程,市政工程
)
10
. They say that it spends
too much on useless and impractical programs.
spend too much (money) on sth
的意思是“把太多的钱花在……”
,
例如:
< br>He would spend
some money on books
every month..
(
他每个月都花一些钱买书。
p>
)
我们常常会碰到的另一个词组
spend some time
(in) doing sth.
的意思是
“花时间做某事”<
/p>
,
例如:
He spent a lot
of time doing the experiment.
(
他花了很多时间做实验。
)
<
/p>
在英语学习中,我们还要注意
pay
,<
/p>
cost
和
spend
< br>在用法上的区别。请注意下面的句子:
1
) Tom paid
20
dollars for that T-shirt.
2
) The T-shirt cost Tom
20
dollars.
3
)
Tom spent
20
dollars on that
T-shirt.
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) <
/p>
我借给他的那本新字典花了我三十多块钱。
(
The
dictionary
I
lent
him
cost
me
more
than
30
yuan.
)
2
) <
/p>
把这辆自行车修一修要花很多钱吗?
(
D
oes it cost much to get this bike
repaired?
)
3
)
在过去的几年中,这家工厂花了
很多钱改善工作条件。
(
In the past few
years, the factory
has spent a lot of
money improving the working
conditions.
)
4
) <
/p>
她不喜欢把钱花在华而不实的服装上。
(
She
doesn't
like
to
spend
money
on
fancy
clothes.
)
5
)
买这部手机你花了多少钱?
(
How
much money did you pay for this self-
phone?
)
6
)
她花了一百多块钱买那双鞋。
(
She
paid more than a hundred for that pair of
shoes.
)
本课主要词组
1
. be sure of
2
. have a corner
3
. consist of
4
. vary from
5
. depend on
6
. a packet of
7
. in addition to
8
. complain about
9
. in the wrong
way
10
. spend…on
11
. tend to
12
. agree on
本课主要句型
A
.
宾语从句:
1
) Americans often say that
there are only two things a person can be sure of.
2
) …but many people feel
that the United States lead the world with the
worst taxes.
3
)
…they often feel that they are working one day
each week just to pay their taxes.
4
) They often protest that
the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong
way.
5
) They say that it
spends too much on useless and practical programs.
B
.
定语从句:
1
) Taxes consist of money
which people pay to support their government.
2
) Salaried people who earn
more than a few thousand dollars must pay a
certain percentage of
their salaries to
the federal government.
3
)
Other states have a sales tax, which is a
percentage charged to any item which you buy in
that
state.
4
)
…people who own a home have to pay taxes on
it…
5
) …and
excise tax, which is char
ged on cars in
a city.
美国五十个州
A. The New England States
(
6
)
1
.
Maine
(
缅因
)
2
. New Hampshire*
(
新罕布什尔
)
3
. Vermont
(
佛蒙特
)
4
. Massachusetts*
(
马萨诸塞
)
5
. Connecticut*
(<
/p>
康涅狄格
)
6
. Rhode Island*
(
罗得岛
)
B. The Middle Atlantic States
(
7
)
7
.
New York*
(
纽约
)
8
. Pennsylvania*
(
宾夕法尼亚
)
9
. New Jersey*
(
p>
新泽西
)
10
. Delaware*
(
特拉华
)
11
. Maryland*
(
马里兰
)
12
. Virginia*
(
弗吉尼亚
)
13
. West Virginia
(
西弗吉尼亚
)
C.
The Southern Atlantic States
(
11
)
14
.
North Carolina*
(
北卡罗来纳
)
15
. South
Carolina*
(
南卡罗来纳
)<
/p>
16
. Georgia*
(
佐治亚
)
17
. Florida
(
佛罗里达
)
18
. Alabama
(
亚拉巴马
)
19
. Mississippi
(<
/p>
密西西比
)
20
. Tennessee
(
田纳西
)
21
. Louisiana
(
路易斯安那
)
22
. Arkansas
(
阿肯色
)
23
. Texas
(
得克萨斯
)
24
. Oklahoma
(
俄克拉何马
)
D. The Central
States (
13
)
25
. Wisconsin
(
威斯康星
)
26
. Illinois
(
伊利诺斯
)
27
. Kentucky
(
肯塔基
)
28
. Indiana
(
印第安那
)
29
. Ohio
(
< br>俄亥俄
)
30
. Michigan
(
密执安
)
31
. Minnesota
(
明尼苏达
)
32
. Iowa
(
< br>衣阿华
)
33
. Missouri
(
密苏里
)
34
. North Dakota
(
北达科他
)
35
. South Dakota
(
南达科他
)
36
. Nebraska
(
内布拉斯加
)
37
. Kansas
(
堪萨斯
)
E. The Western
States (
13
)
38
. Washington
(
p>
华盛顿
)
39
. Oregon
(
俄勒冈
)
40
. California
(
p>
加利福尼亚
)
41
. Montana
(
蒙大拿
)
42
. Idaho
(
爱达荷
)
43
. Nevada
(
内华达
)
44
. Utah
(
< br>犹他
)
45
. Arizona
(
亚历桑那
)
46
. Wyoming
(
怀俄明
)
47
. Colorado
(
科罗拉多
)
48
. New Mexico
(
p>
新墨西哥
)
49
. Alaska
(
阿拉斯加
)
50
. Hawaii
(
夏威夷
)
(
注:有
*
者曾为英国在北美的十三个殖民地,也是美国最早的十三个州。
)
Text B
Advertising
短语表达
1
. attract
attention
吸引注意
He talked loudly to attract attention.<
/p>
(
他大声说话以吸引注意。
)
2
. for the most
part
在很大程度上,多半
These cars, for the most part, are made
in China.
(
这些汽车多半产于中国。
)
3
. persuade
sb. to do sth.
劝某人做某事
be persuaded to do sth.
被劝说做某事
The doctor
persuaded my father to give up smoking.
(
医生劝我父亲戒烟。
)
The young man was persuaded to take up
that job.
(
那个年轻人被劝说接受那份工作。
)
4
. a
large amount of
一大笔
He borrowed a
large amount of money from the bank.
(
p>
他向银行借了一大笔钱。
)
5
. put out
发布,公布;出版;广播
The
article was put out in a national magazine to
reach a larger audience.
(
为了能
影响更多的读
者,文章被登发在一份国家级杂志上。
)
This newspaper is put out every
day.
(
这份报纸每天出版。
)
p>
The weather forecast has just
put out a storm.
(
天气预报刚刚发出了暴风
警报。
)
6
. be characteristic
of
为…所特有,是…的特征
Rainy days are characteristic of March.
(
多雨的日子为三月所特有。
)
7
. catch the
eye
引人注目
The beautiful blue dress in the window
caught her eye when she passed the store.
(
她经过那家商
店时,橱窗里漂亮的兰色连衣裙吸引了她。
)
8
.
identify with
与一致;认为…等同于;跟…发
生共鸣,同情;
(
无意识地
)
仿效
His idea
identifies with mine.
(
他的观点和我
的观点相同。
)
Never
identify personal opinions with facts.
(
切莫把个人观点与事实等同起来。
)
All the money came from those who
identified with him.
(
所有的钱都来自
于那些同情他的人。
)
Children usually identify themselves
with their parents.
(
孩子往往会仿效自
己的父母。
)
9
. carry over
继续下去,遗留下来
The
report was carried over to the next page.
(
报告转入下一页。
)
His habit carries over from his
childhood.
(
他的习惯从小保留至今。
)
10
. as
well as
和,也
Women, as well as men, have the right
to work.
(
妇女和男人一样有工作的权利。
)
11
. over and over
again
反复
He mentioned the incident over and over
again, which really bored me to death.
(
他反复提及那
件事,真把我烦死了。
)
12
. put up
with
忍受
Both water pollution and air pollution
are becoming more and more serious but we have to
put up
with them at the moment.
< br>(
水污染和空气污染都在变得越来越严重,
但是我们暂时
只好忍着。
)
13
. be responsible
for
为…负责
It is not yet clear who should be
responsible for the accident.
(
谁该对这起事故负责现在还不清
楚。
)
14
. decide on
决定,选定
They
decided on their plan of action after hours of dis
cussion.
(
经过数小时的讨论,
他们决定了
行动计划。
)
15
. be involved
in
参与,介入
He quitted his job as he no longer
wanted to be involved in politics.
(
他不想再介入政治便辞去
了工作。
)
p>
大学自考英语
(
二
)
精华笔记
32006
年
11
月
02
日
星期四
13
:
34
Text A
The Altoantic Ocean
本课主要单词
1
. unwilling
adj.
不情愿的,不愿意的;勉强的
Selfish as she is, she is unwilling to
share anything with others.
(
她很自私,不愿意与他人分
享任何东西。
)
He was unwilling to give
up halfway even though there might be more
difficulties ahead.
(
尽管前面可能有许多困难,但他不
愿意中途放弃。
)
They got
some unwilling assistance from the local
government.
(
地方政府
勉强给了他们一些
协助。
)
2
. equator
n.
赤道
Ecuador is near the equator.
(
厄瓜多尔靠近赤道。
)
People used to believe that at the
equator the ocean would be boiling hot.
(
人们过去认为,在赤道处海水是滚
烫的。
)
3
. bulge
n.
不规则突起;鼓起之处;
(
突然
)
上涨,增多
v.
使膨胀;塞满
Between
the
bulge
of
South
America
and
the
bulge
of
Africa
lies
the
narrowest
place
of
the
Atlantic Ocean.
(
大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。
)
The graph shows a bulge in the birth
rate in the year of dragon.
(
图表显示龙年出生率的暴
增。
)
p>
His schoolbag was bulging
with apples when he came back from his uncle's
orchard.
(
p>
他从叔叔的果园回来时书包里鼓鼓囊囊装满了苹果。
)
4
. unusual
adj.
少有的;不寻常的;与众不同的,独特的
It was not unusual for him to work very
late every night.
(
每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常
的事。
)
He has an unusual name.
(
他有一个不寻常的名字。
)
It is unusual to see snow in this regio
n.
(
这个地区难得下雪。
)
This young man has an unusual
talent for organization.
(
这个年
轻人有非凡的组织才能
)
。
5
. salty
adj.
咸的,含盐的
salt n.
盐;风趣
v.
用盐调味;用盐腌;撒盐于道
路上
He didn't have much for dinner as the
dishes were too salty.
(
他晚餐吃的不多,因为菜太咸
了。
)
It might be a good idea to wash
these in salty water.
(
把这些放在盐水里洗一洗也许是个好主
意。
)
p>
He added a bit more salt to
the soup to make it tastier.
(
为了使汤的味道更好,他又加了一点
盐。
< br>)
His wit added salt to
the discussion.
(
他的妙语使讨论增添了风趣。
)
Have you salted the potato?
(
你往土豆里加了盐了吗?
)
It took them a long time to salt the
main roads.
(
他们花了
好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。
)
grind salt in sb.'s wounds
在某人伤口上撒盐,使某人痛上加痛
with a grain of salt
半信半疑地
Salt Lake
City
盐湖城
(
< br>美国尤他州州府
)
salt
mine
盐矿
salt shaker
(
瓶盖上有细孔用于匀撒的
)
< br>盐瓶
salt
spreader
撒盐车
a saltwater
lake
咸水湖
saltwater fish
海产
a salted egg
咸蛋
请注
意:形容词
salty
是由名词
salt
加形容词后缀
–
y
构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有
很多,如:
windy
,
snowy
,
rainy
,
cloudy
,
sunny
,
funny
,
muddy
,
foggy
…
6
. average
n.
平均数,平均
adj.
平均的;平常的,普通的
v.
平均
The average of
5
,
7
and
9
is
7
.
(
5<
/p>
,
7
,
9
的平均数是
7
。
)<
/p>
He receives an average of
50
calls a day.
(<
/p>
他平均每天接到
50
个电话。
)
Mr. Brown could
hardly believe that his son's work at school is
below the average.
(
p>
布朗先生几乎无法相信他儿子的学习成绩低于一般水平。
)
The average temperature
yesterday was below zero.
(
昨天
的平均气温在零度以下。
)
He
is an average student in his class.
(
他是班上的一般学生。
)
A man of average height came to see you
today.
(
今天有一位中等身材的人来看你。
)
He averages one pack
of cigarettes a day.
(
他平均每天抽一
包香烟。
)
The annual
rainfall here averages
700
mm
.
(
这里的年降雨量平均为
700
p>
毫米。
)
7
.
spot
n.
地点,处所;点,斑点
v.
点缀;认出;准确定位
adj.
当场作出的;现付
的
She toured many scenic spots during the
holiday.
(
假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。
)
She told us the
exact spot where the accident happened.
(
她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我
们
。
)
She decided on
a blue tie with white spot for her
husband.
(
她给丈夫选了一
条蓝底白点的领
带。
)
There is a spot of ink on the white wal
l.
(
白墙上有墨水渍。
)
He didn't want to leave a spot
on his reputation.
(
他不想在名誉上留下
污点。
)
The night
sky is spotted with twinkling stars.
(
p>
闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。
)
His shoes are spotted with mud.
< br>(
他的鞋子上有泥渍。
)
She is so special, you can spot her in
the crowd easily.
(
她很特别,你在人群中能一眼认出她
来。
)
He was sent to spot the battery
position of the enemy.
(
他被派去测
定敌炮阵地。
)
She was
urged to make a spot decision.
(
< br>她被催促当场做决定。
)
on
the spot
当场,在现场
in a
spot
在困境中,在窘境中
put sb. on the spot
使某人处于难堪地位
put
one's finger on sb.'s weak spot
指出某人性格上的弱点
spot
check
抽样检查
spot survey
抽样调查
spotlight
聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心
spot news
现场报道的新闻
spot price
现货价
8
.
range
n.
山脉;幅度,范围
v.
(
在某
范围内
)
变动,变化;把…排列成行
One of the longest mountain ranges of
the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
(
世界最长的山脉从大西洋洋底耸起
。
)
The age range
is from
45
to
65<
/p>
.
(
年龄幅度在
45
岁至
65
岁之间。
)
He is not very clear
about his range of responsibility.
(
他对自己的责任范围并不清楚。
)
The question you asked is out of my ran
ge.
(
你问的问题我不懂。
)
Prices of gasoline range from
one dollar to one dollar and twenty a gallon.
(
汽油的价格从
1
美元至
1
美元
< br>20
美分
1
加仑不等。
)
The tiger-sharks
range in length from nine feet to fourteen
feet.
(
虎鲸的体长从
9
英尺到
14
英尺不等
。
)
The puddings
are neatly ranged on the shelf.
(
布丁整齐地排列在架子上。
)
medium-range missile
中程导弹
wide range of interests
兴趣广泛
at close
range
接近地
in/within
range
在射程内
9
. peak
n.
山峰;顶点
The
mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.
p>
(
山峰终年积雪。
)
His career is at its peak now, no
wonder he will make greater achievement.
(
他的事业正处于鼎盛时期,毫无疑
问,他会取得更大的成就。
)
10
. vessel
n.
船,舰;容器,器皿
an
ocean-going vessel
远洋轮
an escort vessel
护卫舰
a fishing
vessel
渔船
a drinking
vessel
饮具
11
. crew
n.
全体船员,全体机务人员
The
crew was (were) annoyed at the captain's decision.
(
船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。
)<
/p>
The aircraft has a crew of <
/p>
6
.
(
这架飞机
有
6
名机组人员。
)
< br>
All
312
passengers and
6
crew
members died in the plane crash.
(
312
名乘客和
6
p>
名机组人员在飞机失事中丧生。
)
12
. becalm
v.
(
常用
被动语态
)
(
指帆船
< br>)
因无风而停止前进
In
the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid
they would be becalmed on the ocean.
<
/p>
(
在使用帆船的时代,船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上
航行。
)
He was
becalmed for a whole week north of the
island.
(
他在海岛北面因无
风而停泊了整整
一周。
)
13
. gulf
n.
海湾;隔阂;鸿沟
Can you
tell me for sure who was the real winner of the
Gulf War?
(
你能确定地
告诉我谁是海湾战争的真正赢家吗?
)
The quarrel left a gulf between the two
close friends.
(
那
场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。
)
the Persian Gulf
波斯湾
the Gulf of Mexico
墨西哥湾
Gulf
Stream
湾流,墨西哥湾流
14
. stream
n.
小河,溪流
v.
流,涌
They had a
walk along the bank of the stream.
(
他们沿着河岸散步。
)
Lots of tree leaves are floating along
with the stream.
(
许多树叶正随着水流漂浮
。
)
Tourists came
into the cave in a steady stream.
(
游客们源源不断地进入山洞。
)
Tears streamed down her cheeks when she
heard the news.
(
当她听到那个消息时,泪水
顺着脸
颊流了下来。
)
He didn't even frown when blood
streamed from his wound.
(
p>
血从伤口涌出时,他连眉头都
没皱一下。
)
a stream of cold
air
一股冷空气
a stream of
people
一股人流
a stream of lies
一串谎言
a
stream of good ideas
一系列好主意
a stream
of light
一道光线
stream of consciousness
意识流
go against
the stream
逆潮流而动
go with the
stream
随波逐流
stream-lined
cars
流线型汽车
15
. current
n.
(
空
气,水等的
)
流,潮流;电流;倾向
adj.
当前的,通行的
The child
had been swept away by the current.
(
孩子被水流卷走了。
)
A steady current of heated air rose
from the mountain top.
(
一股热气从山顶源源不断升起。
)
There was a powerful electric current
running through the wires.
(
一股强大的电流流过电线。
)
Mass media influence the current of
public opinion.
(
大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。
)
Give me a
current issue of Reader's Digest.
(
给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。
)
A long time ago, it was a current
belief that the earth was flat.
(
很久以前,人们普遍相信地球
是扁平。
)
the main
current
主流
a warm current
暖流
an alternating
current
交流电
a direct
current
直流电
current events
时事
current situation
当前形势
16
. affect
v.
影响;打动;
(
疾病
)
侵袭
effect
n.
效果;作用,影响;
His
mood was greatly affected by the sad news.
(
那个悲痛的消息使他的心绪大受影
响。
)
Computers
affect our life in many ways.
(
计算机在许多方面影响我们的生活。
)
Reading in dim light constantly will
surely affect the eyes.
(
经常在昏
暗的光线下看书肯定会对
眼睛有影响。
)
The child was affected with high feve
r.
(
孩子发高烧了。
)
The color gives the effect of
being warm.
(
这颜色给人以暖感。
)
The wonderful sky
effect on the festival night impressed everybody.
(
绚丽的节日夜空给每一个人都留下
了深刻印象。
)
I
just
hope
this
medicine
won't
have
serious
side-effect.
(
我只希望这种药没有严重的副作
用。
)
sound effect
音响效果
three-dimensional effect
立体感
lighting
effect
灯光效果
cause and
effect
因果
no effects
无存款
(
银行在空头支票上的批语
)
be of no
effect
无效
bring sth. to effect
实行,实施
in
effect
实际上
take effect
见效;生效
17
. climate
n.
气候
The change in
climate might be one of the causes for the
extinction of dinosaurs.
(<
/p>
气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。
)
In cold climates, some of the
livestock have to be kept indoors all winter.
(
在寒冷的气候区,一些牲畜得在室
内一冬。
)
In the
present economic climate we can make greater
achievement.
(
在目
前的经济气候下
,
我们能够取得更大的成就。
< br>)
weather
n.
天气
The football match had to be put off
because of bad weather.
(
由于天气不好,足球比赛被推
迟了。
)
What's the weather like in
Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.
(
杭州的天气怎么样?希望那
儿不那么热。
< br>)
18
. flow
n.
流
v.
流动
Heavy rains brought mud flows down the
mountain.
(
暴雨把泥流冲下了山。
)
The doctor stopped the
flow of blood.
(
医生把血止住了。
)
The river flows
east into the sea.
(
这条河向东流入大
海。
)
19
. furnish
v.
供应,提供;装备,
(
用家具
)
布置
The school has decided to
furnish the library with some new
books.
(
学校决定给图书馆提
供
一些新书。
)
They furnished all the passengers with
life jackets.
(
他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。
)
She wants to furnish her new house with
modern furniture.
(
她想用时新家具布置新
家。
)
20
. highway
n.
公路;
(
水陆
)
交通干线
The canal was the only highway for co
mmerce.
(
这条远河是唯一的商业路线。
)
You can find many
motels along the highways.
(
在
高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。
)
21
. float
v.
(
使<
/p>
)
漂浮
Colorful flags are floating in the
morning breeze.
(
彩旗在晨风中飘荡。
)
When winter comes
yellow leaves float down.
(
冬天
到来时,黄叶飘落。
)
It
will be much easier for you to float the logs down
the river.
(
你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得
多。
)
本课主要构词法
Affixation
(
词缀法
)
1
.
反意词前缀
un-
unusual
,
unwilling
2
.
形容词后缀
-y
salty
3
.
名词后缀
-or
sailor
Compounding
(
合词法
)
1
.
复合名词
highway
< br>,
steamship
,
air
plane
2
.
复合形容词
mid-
Atlantic
,
eastward
本课简介
The
Atlantic
Ocean
向读者
介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现
在,也可以了解大西洋“
制造”出来的世界之最。
本课主要语言点
1
. The Atlantic Ocean is one
of the oceans that separate the Old World from the
New.
在表示河流,海洋,
群岛,
沙漠等地理名称的名词前,以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定
冠词,例如:
the Yellow River
(
黄河
)
,
the Pacific Ocean<
/p>
(
太平洋
)
,<
/p>
the British Isles
(
不
列颠群
岛
)
,
the
Sahara
(
撒哈拉沙漠
)
,
the Alps
(
阿尔卑斯山脉
)
,
the Philippines
(
菲
列宾
)
在表示某一座山,
岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词,
例如:
Yellow Mountain
(
黄山
)
,
Lake E
rie
(
伊利湖
)
,
Hainan Island
(
海南岛
)
one of
+
复数名词是英语中常见的用法,请翻译下面的句子:
She is one of the most hardworking
students in our class.
(
她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之
一。
)
Shanghai is one of the biggest
cities in the world.
(
上海是世界最大
的城市之一。
)
印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。
(
India is one of the
countries with the largest population
in the world.
)
p>
尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。
(
Nil
e is one of the longest rivers in the
world.
)
在
one
of
+复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词,因此该从
句中
的谓语要用复数形式。例如:
This is one of
the best novels that have been published this
year.
(
这是今年出版的最佳小
说之
一。
)
Mr. Smith is one of those men who
always think they are right.
(
史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。
)
He is not one of those who bow before d
ifficulties.
(
他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。
)
但是在
the
only
one
of
+复数名词+定语从句
的结构中,定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名
词。例如:
He was the only one of the boys who was
praised by the teacher.
(
他是男孩中唯一受到老师表
扬的。
)
Helen is the only one of those
girls who doesn't wear make-up.
(
海伦是那些女孩中唯一不化
妆的。
< br>)
separate from
是常用词组,在句子中的意思是“
(
使
)
分离,
(
使
)
分开”
,请翻译下面的句
子:
p>
1
)
英吉利海峡
把英法两国隔开。
(
The English Channel
separates England from
France.
)
2
)
理论不应该脱离实际。
(
T
heory should not be separated from
practice.
)
the
Old world
指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。
the
New
(
World
)
指哥伦布发现的美洲
大陆。
2
. For centuries it kept the
Americas from being discovered by the people of
Europe.
for centuries
意为“许多世
纪”
。在英语中用介词
for
加表示时
间的复数名词的表达形式很常
见。请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
I haven't seen
you for days. How is everything?
(
多日不见,一切都好吗?
)
2
)
I haven't seen
him for years, I am sure he has changed a
lot.
(
我多年没见到他了,他一
定
变了不少。
)
3
)
It seems I have
been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you
been?
(
< br>我似乎等了你几个世纪了,你去哪儿了?
)
keep
…
from doing
是习惯用法,意思是“使…不…”
。
例如:
It is really
not easy to keep Father from smoking.
(<
/p>
要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
Heavy fog kept
the ships from being discovered by the
enemy.
(
大雾使得船只未被敌
人发
现。
)
2
)
We had no way
to keep him from getting involved in the
matter.
(
我们没有办法使他
不卷
入那事件中去。
)
3
)
那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。
< br>
(
The medicine keeps his
cough from getting more
serious.
)
4
)
当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。
(
The local
people's conservative mind keeps that place from
developing rapidly.
)
3
. Many wrong ideas about
the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail
far out into it.
make sb. unwilling to
do sth.
意为
“使得某人不愿做某事”
。
例如:
His indifference to
work made
everybody unwilling to
cooperate with him.
(
他对工作的冷漠态
度使得所有的人都不愿与他合
作。
)
主语+动词+宾语+补语
(
SVOC<
/p>
)
的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。请
翻译下面的句子:
1
)
His behavior at
the dinner party made the host annoyed.
(
他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼
火。<
/p>
)
2
)
That film made
him famous.
(
那部影片使他出了名。
)
3
)
< br>他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。
(
What he
said just now made Mary very
sad.
)
4
)
老师对他作文的评价令他失望。
(
The teacher's comment on
his composition made him
disappointed.
)
5
)
What he had
done made his friends hesitant to accept the
invitation.
(
他的所
为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。
)
< br>6
)
他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。
(
His
unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give
him any more money.
)
4
. One idea was that it
reached out to “the edge of the world”.
Another idea was that at the equator
the ocean would be boiling hot.
这两个都是表语
从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。
结构为:
主语+系动词+表
语从句。
请
看下面的例句:
My
idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.
p>
(
我的想法是我们应该尽快
跟他联系。
p>
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) My suggestion is that we
should put off the meeting.
(
我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。
)
2
) One advantage of solar
energy is that it will never be used
up.
(
太阳能的一个优点是用之不
竭。
)
3
)
问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。
(
The problem is who will
take care of the children while you
are
away.
)
4
)
看起来天要下雨。
(
It looks
that it is going to rain.
)
请注意辨析
another
和
other
:
another
由
< br>an
+
other
构成,只和单
数可数名词连用。
other
可用于所有名词前。
another
+单
数名词表示不定的“另一个”<
/p>
,
the other
+单数可数名词表
示特指的“另一个”
。
请看下面的例句:
1
) This idea is not very
practical, will you think of another
one?
(
这个主意不太实际,你能
另
想一个吗?
)
2
) This book is too
difficult. Show me another one.
(
这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。
)
3
) Of the three books in my
bag, two are published in China, the other is
published in the United
States.
(
我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。
)
4
) Tom is
here, but where are the other boys?
(
汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?
)
5
) I like this coat better
than the other one.
(
两件上衣中,我更
喜欢这一件。
)
6
) This camera is more
expensive than the other one.
(
这架照相机比另一架贵。
)
boiling hot
意思是“滚热的,酷热的”
。此处的
boiling
不是形容词而是副词,表
示热的程度,
修饰
hot
。
5
. Sailors were
afraid that they might sail right off the earth. <
/p>
此句中,
that
引导的名词性从句作形
容词的补足语。例如:
1
) I
am afraid that I can not finish the article in two
hours.
(
我担心我两小时内写
不完这篇文
章。
)
2
) He was afraid that he
couldn't give you a definite answer.
p>
(
他担心他不能给你一个明确的
答复。
p>
)
3
) I
am afraid that I have made a mistake.
(<
/p>
我担心自己犯了一个错误。
)
4
) We are confident that we
can overcome all the difficulties.
(
我们相信自己能克服所有的困
难。
)
对“
be +
形容词
+ that
引起的从句”这类结构,语法家们有的认为
that
从
句做宾语用,有
的认为
that
从句做
状语用。
根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。
如:<
/p>
I'm sorry that
you failed the
exam again.
这个句子中的
that
从句起状语作用,相当于“…
because you failed
the exam again.
”
6
. The Atlantic Ocean is
only half as big as the Pacific,…
在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中
as
big
as
则是形容词的同等比较
。在这
类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如:
1
) This book is not half as
interesting as that one.
(
这本书
还不如那本书一半有趣。
)
2
) My monthly income is only
half as much as his.
(
我的月收入只有
他的一半多。
)
3
) This year our university
will enroll three times as many students as it did
the year before last.
(
我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。
(My spoken
English is not half as fluent as yours.)
2
)
这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。
(This
suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.)
3
)
这个房间是那个房间的两倍。
(This room is
twice as large as that one.)
7
. But suppose no more rain
fell into it and no more water was brought to it
by rivers.
suppose
常常做动词用,意思
是“假定;猜想;认为”
。例如:
1
) Let's suppose it to be tr
ue.
(
让我们假定这是真的。
)
p>
2
) I suppose he is
very nervous.
(
我猜想他很紧张。
)
3
) I
supposed him to be an honest man, but he often
tells lies.
(
我以为他
很诚实,他却经常说
谎。
)
在本句中
suppose
(
也可以用
supposing
)
是
一个连词,意思是“假设
(=
if)
;假使…结果会
怎么样”
。例如:
1
) Suppose he is ill, what
shall we do?
(
假如他病了,我们怎么办?
)
2
)
Suppose a tiger should come out of the
cage
?
(
如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?
)
3
) Suppose something should
go wrong
?
(
如果出了什么问
题会怎么样?
)
8
. It would take the ocean
about
4000
years to dry up.
it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
是很常用的一个句型。例如:
1
)
我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。
(It takes me
half an hour to get to school by bike.)
2
)
他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。
(It took him
two weeks to finish reading that book.)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
) It took the boy three
hours to finish his homework.
(
那个男孩花了
3
小时才写完作业。
)
2
) It takes
less than
4
hours to get to
Shanghai by train from Nanjing.
(
从南京乘火车到上海只要
不到
4
小时。
)
3
)
他花了
4
天时间才走出密林。
(It took him
4
days to go out of the
forest.)
4
)
照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。
(It will
take a great deal of time to look after a sick old
man.
9
. On the
average the water is a little more than two miles
deep, but in places it is much deeper.
on the average
在句子中的意思是“平均而言”
。例如:
1
) On the average, they
drove
70
miles an hour.
(
他们平均每小时行驶
70
英里。
)
2
) On the average, they
spend
20
yuan on food every
day.
(
他们平均每天花
20
块钱吃饭。
)
a little
在句子中修饰
mo
re
,
表示程度,
意思是
“一点儿,
稍许”
。
muc
h
在句子中修饰
deeper
,
也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”
。例如:
1
) I feel a little co
ld.
(
我觉得有点冷。
)
2
) He spent a little
more than
20
yuan yesterday.
(
昨天他花了
20
块多一点儿。
)
3
) I feel much better now.
p>
(
我现在感觉好多了。
)
< br>
4
) She is much more
careful this time.
(
她这一次细心多了。
)
请翻译下面的句子:
1
)
干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。
(
I
feel a little tired after a day's
work.
)
2
)
她对她的同学有点不友好。
(
She
is a little unfriendly to her
classmates.
)
3
)
听了那个消息他开心多了。
(
He
was much happier after hearing that
news.
)
10
. This “deep” measures
30
,
246
feet
——
almost
6
miles (
9
.
6
km).
本句中的
deep
< br>做名词用,意思是“深处”
,
“海渊”
< br>(
水深超过
3000
英里
)
。
measure
在句子中做动词用
,意思是“测量”
,
“有…深”
。例如
:
1
) This room measures
10
metres across.
(
这个房间宽
10
米。
)
2
) The bridge
measures
17
kilometres long.
(
这座桥长
17
公里。
)
3
) The water tank only
measures
2
metres deep.
(
这只水箱只有
2
米深。
)
11
.
One of the longest mountain ranges of the world
rises from the floor of the Atlantic.
本句中的
longest
与课文前几段中出现的
narrowest
,
p>
saltiest
,
deepest
一样,都是形容词的最
高级形式。
因为这几个
词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,
所以,
最高级的构成
是在
词尾加
-est
。对于大部分两个
音节以上的形容词,最高级的构成是在形容词前面加
most
。
请
看例句:
1
) He wants to make
everybody believe that he is the happiest person
in the world.
(
他
想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。
)
2
) This is the strongest
horse I have ever seen.
(
这是我所
见过的最强壮的马。
)
3
) The boss wanted to find
the most careful employees.
(
老板想找最细心的雇工。
)
4
)
黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。
(
Yellow Mountain is one of
the most beautiful mountains I have ever
known.
)
5
)
这条高速公路是中国最长的。<
/p>
(
This express way is one of
the longest in China.
)
6
)
这本书是三本书中最有意思的。
(
This book is the most
interesting of the three.
)
rise
是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起
”
。例如:
1
) The sun rises in the east
.
(
太阳在东方升起。
)
2
) Give the child some
medicine, his temperature is rising.
(
给孩子服药,他的体温在升
高。
)
3
) The mountain peak rises
above the clouds.
(
山峰高耸入云。
)
请注意区别以下动词:
1
) rise
不及物动词
(
起立;上升,高耸;浮现
)
The
old lady rose to her feet when she heard the
doorbell.
The tower rises to a height
of
70
feet.
An
idea rises in my mind.
2
)
raise
及物动词
(
举起;养育;提高;召集
)
If you have any questions, please raise
your hands.
When Father was in the
army, Mother had a hard time raising three
children.
The management promised to
raise the workers'salary after the negotiation.
He failed to raise the money for his
father's heart operation.
3
)
arise
不及物动词
(
升起;出现;由…引起
)
Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.
New problems arise when old ones are
solved.
His illness arose from
malnutrition.
4
) arouse
及物动词
(
唤醒;激起,引起
)
The
noise outside aroused him from sleep.
The music aroused a feeling of
homesickness in him.
floor
在句
子中的意思是“海底”
。在其他语言环境中,
floor
当然有其他的意思。如;
1
) He lives on the seventh f
loor.
(
他住在
7
楼。
)
2
) The wood floor gives a
feeling of warmth in the winter.
(
冬天时,
木地板给我温暖的感觉。
)
3
) He was
given the floor at the meeting.
(
他在会上得到了发言权。
)
4
)He decided to floor the
kitchen with plastic tiles.
(
他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。
)
12
. The tops of a few of the
mountains reach up above the sea and make island
top
在句中做名词用,意思是“顶部,山顶”
。例如:
1
) He
was the first to climb to the top of the hill.
(
他第一个爬上山顶。
)
2
) When we stand on the
top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight.(<
/p>
我们站在山顶时,
整个城
市尽收眼底
p>
)
请翻译下面的句子,注意
top
的词类和意思:
1
) He shouted at the top of
his voice.
(
他放声高叫。
)
—
n.
2
) He is running at the top
of his speed.
(
他正以最快的速度奔跑。
)
—
n.
3
) He is the top student in
the class.
(
他是班上的尖子学生。
)
—
adj.
4
) This is the top news of
the week.
(
这是本周的头条新闻。
< br>)
—
adj.
5
) His father is a top
diplomatic advisor.
(
他父亲是高级外交
顾问。
)
—
adj.
6
) Mother is going to top
the cake with cream.
(
妈妈准备在蛋糕
上浇奶油。
)
—
v.
7
) He tops his father by
half a head.
(
他比父亲高出半个头。
)
—
v.
8
) She needs a new skirt to
match her top.
(
她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣
。
)
—
n.
与
top
有关的词组:
come out top
(
名列前茅
)
come out on top
(
出
人头地
)
from top to bottom
(
从上
到下,彻底地
)
from top to toe
(
从头到脚;完全
)
< br>
on top of the world
(
< br>非常幸福;
心满意足
)
13
. Several hundred miles
eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean
called the Sargasso
Sea.
called the Sargasso Sea
是修饰
ocean
的定语从句,在其前省去了
which is
。
请看下面的例句:
1
) Opportunities are often
thing (that) you have not noticed the first time
around.
(
机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。
)
2
)
There is much (that) the little boy can do.
(
有许多是那小男孩能做。
)
3
)He is the right person
(that) I want to discuss the problem with.
< br>(
他正是我想与其讨论这个问
题的人。
< br>)
14
. In the
days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they
would be becalmed here. Sometimes
they
were.
days
常常指“时期,时代”
< br>,有时也表示“一生;生命”
。请看例句:
1
) In his boyhood days, he
often went swimming and fishing with his friends.
(
在他的
童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。
)
2
) In the days of Queen
Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly.
(
在维多
利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。
)
3
) He has experienced a lot
of hardships in his days.
(
他一
生中吃了许多苦。
)
crew
是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”
,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以
用复数,此句中
谓语动词用的是复数
were
< br>,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多
vessels
(
p>
船
)
上的船员。
S
ometimes they were.
句子中省略
beca
lmed
。
15
. The Atlantic furnishes
much food for the people on its shores.
furnish sth. to
sb.
意思是“为…提供”
,我们同样可以用
furnish sb. with
sth.
来表达这个
意思。例如:
They furnished
blankets and food to the refugees.
(
他们为难民供应毯子和食物。
)
No one expected
that he would furnish the information to the oppon
ent.
(
谁也没有料到他会
把消息提
供给对手。
)
Luckily,
they have furnished us with a car and all the
necessary maps.
(
幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。
)
16
. One of its
famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near
Newfoundland.
the Grand
Banks
在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句:
1
)
This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous
scientist.
(
这个理论是由著名科学
家爱因斯坦提出的。
)<
/p>
2
) This is Mr. Benjamin,
dean of our department.
(
这是我们
系主任本杰明先生。
)
3
) Qinghai Lake, the largest
inland body of salt water in China, lies
3
,
198
metres above sea-level.
p>
(
中国最大的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔
3
p>
,
198
米。
)<
/p>
本课主要词组及句型
词组:
1
.
separate from
2
. keep sb. from doing sth.
3
. be unwilling to do sth.
4
.
between A and B
5
. make sth
unusual
6
.
so
…
that
7
. dry up
8
. on the
average
9
. rise
from
10
. furnish sth
for sb.
11
. pile
up
12
.
from
…
to
句型:
A
.定语从句:
1
) The Atlantic is one of
the oceans that separate the Old World from the
New.
2
) Ocean currents
affect the climates of the land near which they
flow.
B
.表语从句:
1
) One idea was that it
re
ached out to “the edge of the
world”.
2
)
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean
would be boiling hot.
C
.结果状语从句:
1
) There is so much water in
the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much
there is.
2
) We now have
such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean
seems to have grown smaller.
D
.形容词的比较级和最高级:
1
) The Atlantic is only half
as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large.
2
) It is more than
4
,
000
miles wide where Columbus crossed it.
3
) Even at its narrowest it
is about
2
,
000
miles wide.
4
) Also, it is
the world's saltiest ocean.
5
) The deepest spot is near
Puerto Rico.
E
.
be
one of
+复数名词
The
Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate
the Old World from the New.
F
.
it takes sb.
some time to do sth.
It would take the
ocean about
4
,
000
years to dry up.
地理名称
1
.
(
七
< br>)
大洲和
(
四
< br>)
大洋
Asia
(
亚洲
)
Europe
(
欧洲
)
Africa
(
非洲
)
North America
(
北美洲
)
South America
(
p>
南美洲
)
Oceania
(
大洋洲
)
the Antarctic
(
南极洲
)
The Atlantic
(
大西洋
)
the Pacific
(
太平洋
)
the
Indian(
印度洋
)
the Arctic
(
北
冰洋
)
2
.常用词
continent
(
大陆
)
continental shelf
(
大陆架
)
subcontinent
(
次大陆
)
ice
berg
(
冰
山
)
mountain rang
e
(
山脉
)
volcano
(
< br>火山
)
delta
(
三角洲
)
p>
waterfall
(
瀑布
)
gulf
(
海湾
)
straits;
channel
(
海峡
)
coast
line
(
海岸线
)
beach
(
海滩
)
3
.
大西洋之最
1
) The Atlantic is the
second largest ocean in the world
2
) The Atlantic is the
saltiest ocean in the world
3
) Puerto Rico Trench is the
deepest in the Atlantic Ocean.
4
) Gulf Stream is the
strongest warm water current in the Atlantic
Ocean.
5
) The Grand Banks
near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing
region in the world.
6
) The
drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that
of the Pacific or the Indian.
2
.
主要属海和岛屿
the
Mississippi
密西西比河
the
Hudson
哈得逊河
the
Amazon
亚马逊河
the
Congo
刚果河
Baffin
Bay
巴芬湾
the
Nigeria
尼日利亚河
the Rhine
莱茵河
the Caribbean Sea
加勒比海
the
Mexican
Gulf
墨西哥湾
the
Hudson
Bay
哈得逊湾
the
Mediterranean
Sea
地中海
the
Black Sea
黑海
the
North
Sea
北海
the
Baltic
Sea
波罗的克海
Iceland
冰岛
Greenland
格
陵
兰
p>
岛
Faeroe
Islands
法
罗
群
p>
岛
Shetland Islands
设得兰岛
Bermudas
百慕大群岛
Azores
亚速尔群岛
Grenada
格陵纳达岛
Antilles
安的列斯群岛
Trinidad
Islands
特里尼达群岛
Malvinas
Islands
马尔维纳斯群岛
Bahamas
巴哈马群岛
Text B
The Moon
短语表达
1
. tie to
(
与…联系在一起;使束缚于…
)
He is seriously ill and has been tied
to his bed for almost a month.
(
他病得厉害,已经卧床
近一个月了。
)
Study ties smoking to many diseases.
(
据研究,许多疾病与抽烟有关。
)
I am sorry I didn't have the
time to go shopping with you. I was tied to
housework.
(
很抱歉我没能有时间和你一起去购物,家务杂事把我拴住了。
)
2
. except for
(
除了…之外
)
The room is empty except for some chair
s.
(
房间里除了一些椅子空荡荡。
)
Your composition is well
written except for some spelling mistakes.(
除了几处拼写错误,你的文
章写的不错
)
3
. be near
to
(
靠近
)
The park is near to our school. Let's
go boating.
(
公园离我们学校很近,我们去划船吧
。
)
The police
station is near to our community. It is within
walking distance.
< br>(
警察局离我们社区很近,步行就能到达。
)
4
. face towards
(
朝向
)
My office is in the building that faces
towards the street.
(
我的办公室在那座
朝街的楼里。
)
His new
house faces towards the south.
(
< br>他的新房子朝南。
)
5
.
keep
…
in mind
(
把…记在心里
)
I
am not sure if he would keep what you have said in
mind.
(
我不能肯定他是否会把
你说的话
记在心里。
)
I will keep this in mind for future ref
erence.
(
我会记住这个,供以后参考。
)
6
. light up
(
变亮;使容光焕发
)
Her face lighted up when she heard
the news.
(
听到那个消息,她面露喜色。
)
His face was lighted
(lit) up with excitement.
(
他因
兴奋而满面春风。
)
7
. reflect
(
反射
)
Mirrors
reflect light.
(
镜子反射光。
)
The white sand
reflected the sun's heat
(
白沙地
反射太阳的热气。
)
.
The
light reflected from the water into my eyes.
(
光线投过水面反射到我眼里。
)
< br>
8
.
…
enough for sb. to do sth.
p>
(
足以让某人做某事
)
The room is big enough for us to
have a dancing party.
(
这间房够大了,
我们可以在里面开舞
会。
)
The basket is light
enough for the little boy to carry.
(
这只篮子很轻,那个小男孩能提动。
)
9
. speak of
(
提到,说起
)
I
have never heard him speak of his past.
(
我从来没有听他提起他的过去。
)
She always looks proud when she speaks
of her son.
(
说到她的
儿子她总是很自豪的样子。
)
10
. otherwise
(
不然;另外的
)
He reminded me of what I might
otherwise have forgotten.
<
/p>
(
他提醒了我,不然我可能会忘
记那件事
。
)
He is a little
careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable for
the job.
(
他有点粗心,除此以外,他倒是很适合这个工作的。
)
He is honest, but his twin brother
is otherwise.
(
他很诚实,而他的孪生兄弟则不
然。
)
11
. nothing but
(<
/p>
仅仅,除了…之外没有什么
)
There is nothing but a piece of bread
in the cupboard.
(
食橱里除了一片面包什么
也没有。
)
He asked
for nothing but trust.
(
除了信任,
他什么要求都没有。
)
大学自考英语
(
二
)
精华笔记
< br>42006
年
11
月
02
日
星期四
23
:
31
Text A
Inproving Your
Memory
本课主要语言点
1
. psychological
adj.
心理学的
Psychological factors often play an
important part in winning a competition.
(
在赢得一场比赛中,心理因素常常起着重要作用。
)
p>
Make sure all the kids are
psychologically healthy.
(
确保孩
子们心理健康。
)
(the person who studies human
mind
-心理学家
)
在希腊语中,
psycho
表示“灵魂”
,
“精神”
,
“心理”
。
在英语中,有不少词是用
psycho
做前
缀构成的。除了刚才提到的
psychology
,
psychological
,
psychologist
以外,常见的还有:
p
sychoanalysis
(
精神分析
)
,
psychotherapy
(
心理疗法
)
等。
2
. focus
v.
(
使
)
聚焦,
(
使
)
集中
(
focus on )
n.
焦点,中心
He is
focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.
(
他正注视着墙上的一幅画。
)
Please focus your attention on the
main problems.
(
请把注意力集中在主要问题上
。
)
This
area
became
the
focus
of
the
world's
attention
again.
(
这一地区再次成为世界注意的中
心。
)
The
27
th Olympic Games is now
the focus of people's interest.
(
眼下第二十七届奥运会是人们兴趣的中心。
)
3
. basic adj.
基本的,基础的
They
didn't make any effort to solve the basic economic
problems.
(
他们没有做任何努力去解决基本的经济
问题。
)
He even
didn't have a basic aim in life.
(
他连生活的基本目标都没有。
)
There are certain factors that are
basic to a good relationship between the two
countries.
(
有些因素对两国之间的良好关系是很
重要的。
)
It is
necessary to teach them some basic mathematical sk
ills.
(
教他们一些基本的数学技能是必
< br>要的。
)
4
. principle
n.
原理,原则;信念
principal adj.
主要的
n.
校长,负责人;委托人
He
won't give in as it is a matter of principle.
(
这是一个原则问题,他不会让步的。
)
The two machines work on the
same principle.
(
这两台机器的工作原理是一
样的。
)
No matter
what you do
,
it
is important that you have moral principle.
(
无论你做什么,道义很
重要。
)
Rice is the principal
food for most of the Chinese people.
(
p>
米饭是大多数中国人的主食。
)
Go and ask all the principal persons
concerned to come here.
(
去请所有
有关的主要人员到这儿
来。
)
She is the principal of that school.
p>
(
她是那所学校的校长。
)
5
. meaningfulness
n.
富有意义
mean v.
表示…意思,意味着;打算
meaning n.
意思,意义
meaningful adj.
有意思的,意味深长的
meaningless adj.
没有意思的
Meaningfulness and organization are the
two basic principles that help memory.
(
信息的意义和组织是有助于记忆的
两个基本原则。
)
I don't
know what he meant by telling me the news.
< br>(
我不知道他把这个消息告诉我是什么意
思。
)
Can you explain the
meaning of the word to me?
(
你
能把这个单词的意思给我解释一下吗?
)
They failed to get meaningful results
from the experiment.
(
他们在实验中没
有得到任何有意义
的结果。
)
It is meaningless to argue any further.
(
再争辩下去没有任何意义。
)
6
. organization
n.
组织;机构
organize v.
组织
China will
surely become a member of the World Trade
Organization (WTO).
(
中国一定会成为
世界贸易组织的一员。
)
Everything is in a mess because there
is a complete lack of organization.
(
p>
由于组织工作的缺乏,一切处于混乱之中。
)
He organized a strike for better
working conditions.
(
为了争取更好的工
作条件,
他组织了一次
罢工。
)
He thought the meeting was
badly organized.
(
他认为会议组织得很糟
糕。
)
7
.
association n.
联合,结合;交往;协会
associate v.
使联合;把…联想起来;交往
(
associate with )
associate adj.
副的
The
cultural
activity
was
organized
by
the
Chinese
People's
Association
for
Friendship
with
Foreign Countries.
(
这一文化活动是由中国人民对外友好协会组织的。
)
The picture reminded me
of my brief association with the old lady years
ago.
(
这幅画使我想起了多年前我与那位老太太的短暂交
往。
)
Her hometown
has happy associations for her.
(
她的家乡给了她许多美好的联想。
)
It is really difficult for me to
associate the two ideas.
(
p>
对我来说把这两个观点联系起来很困
难。
)
He spent all his spare time
associating with boys from the neighboring
community.
(
他把所有的业余时间都花在与邻近社
区男孩的交往上。
)
People
always associate the name of Abraham Lincoln with
the American Civil War.
(
人们总
是把亚伯拉罕-林肯的名字与美国内战联系在一起。
)
an associate professor
副教授
an associate
editor
副主编
8
. visualization n.
想像,设想
visualize
v.
设想,想像
visual
adj.
视觉的;看的见的;形象化的
Like meaningfulness and organization,
visualization is also helpful to memory.
(
如同意义和组织,想像也有助于记忆。
)
I just cannot visualize what might
become of him.
(
我无法想像他会变成什么样。
)
Even though I
was not there, I can easily visualize the scene.
p>
(
尽管我不在那儿,那儿的情景我
不难想像
。
)
I cannot say
for sure if it was your visual illusion.
(
我不能肯定这是不是你的视错觉。
)
The stories he wrote are extremely vi
sual.
(
他写的故事非常生动。
)
9
. rhyme v.
韵,押韵
rhythm n.
节奏
I cannot think
of a rhyme for
“
seven
”
.
(
我想不出一个跟“<
/p>
seven
”同韵的词。
)
She called him Guppy, to rhyme
with puppy.
(
她叫他
Gu
ppy
,是为了跟
puppy
押韵。<
/p>
)
The rhythm of
his speech held the attention of the audience.
(
他讲话时语调的抑扬顿挫抓住了听众的注意力。
)
Human biological rhythms
are related to the natural cycle of day and night.
(
人的生物节奏与昼夜的自然循环有关。
)
10
. ability n.
能力,才能
Human beings have the ability to learn
and use a language.
(
人类有学会和使用
语言的能力。
)
No matter
what you do, try to do it to the best of your abil
ity.
(
不管做什么,你都要尽力而为。
)
His ability to master
5
foreign languages wins him
the admiration of all his classmates.
(
他能掌握五门外语的能力赢得了所有同学的钦佩。
)
He has good speaking ability,
but his writing ability is poor.
(
他说的能力很好,
但写的能力差。
)
He is a man of outstanding ability
.
(
他是一个有非凡才能的人。
)
p>
11
. random adj.
胡乱的,任意的,随意的
n.
无目的或目标
The way
the books were arranged seemed completely random.<
/p>
(
图书排列的方式似乎很随意。
)
This is just a random
selection of all the complaints we have received
about our after service.
(
我们
只是对所收到的有关售后服务方面的投诉随意地选择了一下。
)
He opened the books at random.
(
他胡乱地打开了书。
)
When his wife was away, he piled the
soiled dishes in the kitchen at random.
(
他妻子外出时,他把脏碟子乱七八糟地堆在厨房里。
)
p>
12
. categorize v.
分类
category n.
种类;范畴;部门
If you
categorize the information you need to remember,
you will find it much easier.
(
< br>如果你把所需记忆的信息分类,你就会觉得记忆起来要容易得多。
)
They categorized
200
songs as folk songs.
(
他们把两百首歌归为民歌类歌曲。
)
These books fall into the
category of reference books.
(
这些书属参考书类。
)
His
research does not belong to the category of
natural science.
(
他的研究不属于自然科学
范
畴。
)
13
. following adj.
接着的,下述的
prep.
在…之后
the following
如下
He promised the old man that he would
come and see him again the following day.
< br>(
他答应老人第二天再来看他。
)
After the meeting the following
teachers will stay.
(
会后,以下的老师
请留下。
)
The
following examples will prove my point.
(
下面的例子将证实我的观点。
)
Following the discussion a decision was
made.
(
讨论之后便做出了决定。
)
Following the concert he
went home.
(
音乐会后,他就回了家。
)
The following are
worthy of your attention.
(
以下
几点值得你们注意。
)
The
winners of the competition are the following:
…
(
竞赛获胜者如下:…
)
14
. needless
adj.
不需要的,不必要的
Needless to say, I don't think much of
the proposal he put forward at the meeting.
(
不用说,我觉得他在会上提的建议不怎么样。
)<
/p>
You don't have to take such
a needless risk.
(
你不用去冒这种不必要的
险。
)
Don't you
think it is a waste of time to give him so much
needless are?
(
你不觉得给他这么多不必要的
关心是浪费时间吗?
)
15
. refer v. ( to )
提到,涉及;参考,查阅;把…归到…上;使向…请教;有关联
reference n.
参考;提及;关联
The
whole thing is finished now, please don't refer to
it.
(
整个事情都结束了,不要再提了。
)
He often refers to a
dictionary for the spelling and meaning of a word.
(
他常常翻词典查阅词的拼写和意思。
)
He referred to her former
classmates for her character.
(
他向她以前的同学询问她的品行。
)
He referred his defeat to poor health.<
/p>
(
他把自己的失败归因于身体不好。
)<
/p>
She referred me to Prof.
Wang for detailed information.
(
< br>他叫我去王教授那儿询问详情。
)
The doctor referred her to a heart spec
ialist.
(
医生嘱咐她转诊于一位心脏病专家。
)
These answers are
for reference only.
(
这些答案仅供参考
。
)
His play is
full of references to the political events of
those days.
(
他的剧本涉及当时的许多政
治事件。
)
16
. relate v. ( to )
有关联;叙述,讲述
related
adj.
有关的,相关的
relation n.
关系,联系
He related the story vividly to the
whole class.
(
他向全班同学生动地讲述了那个故
事。
)
I don't
understand how the result related to / with the ca
use.
(
我不理解结果和原因如何关联。
)
If you want me to do
this, you have to give me all the related
material.
(
如果你想让我做这件事,你得把所有相
关的材料给我。
)
Don't
worry too much about them, they have very good rel
ations.
(
别太为他们担心,他们的关
< br>系很好。
)
The two
countries have established trade relations.
(
两国建立了贸易关系。
)
17
. accurately adv.
准确地,精确地
accurate adj.
准确的,精确的
accuracy
n.
准确,精确
Remember
that you have to do this work carefully and accura
tely.
(
记住,这项工作得做得细心
而准确。
)
Right now
I cannot give you a very accurate estimate.
(
现在我不能给你一个非常准确的估计。
)
He required that the typing
should be done with great accuracy.
(
他要求打字必须十分准确。
)
18
. memorize v.
熟记,记住
Our English
teacher asked us to memorize the words we learned
today.
(
我们英语老师要求我们熟记今天所学的英语单
词。
)
It is no easy
thing for me to memorize all these telephone
numbers.
(
熟记这些电话号码对我来说真不是一件容
易的事情。
)
19
. repeat v.
重复
repetition n.
重复
I didn't quite catch what you said just
now. Will you please repeat it?
(
我没有听清你刚才说的话,请你重复一遍,好吗?
)
We cannot repeat our mistakes.
(
我们不能重复自己的错误。
)
Repetition is necessary in language
teaching and learning.
(
重复在语言
教学中是必要的。
)
He
memorized his lines after many repetitions.
(
经过多次重复他终于熟记了台词。
)
20
. preserve v.
保护,维持;保存
You will
soon be near-sighted if you don't preserve your
eyesight from now.
(
如果你不从现在起
保护视力,你很快会近视的。
)
What do you think the United Nations
can do in preserving world peace?
(
你觉得联合国能为维护世界和平做些什么?
)
Deep freezing is the simplest way of
preserving food.
(
深冻是保藏食品最简便的
方法。
)
词缀法
1
.
名词后缀
–
ation; tion; sion
organization
,
visualization
,
information
,
preservation
,
integrat
ion
,
relation,ass
ociation
,
repetition
,
separation
,
add
ition
2
.
动词后缀
–
ize
organize
,
memorize
,
visualize
,
categorize
< br>,
familiarize
3
.
名词后缀
–
ence
reference
p>
,
difference
4
.
名词后缀
–
ity
similarity
p>
,
familairity
本课简介
本课介绍了在如何增强记忆方面心
理学所做的研究。
信息的意义,
组织,
联想和想像是
有助于记忆的几个基本原则。
如何运用这些基本原
则呢?课文对此一一作了介绍,
条理十分
清楚。学了本课,相信
会有收获。
本课语言点
1
. Psychological research
has focused on a number of basic principles that
helps memory.
research
在本句中做
名词,这个词也可以做动词用。请看下面的例句,注意
research
的词类
和用法:
1
) An excellent piece of
research won him the international prize.
< br>(
一项出色的研究使他获得了国际大奖。
)
2
) Research shows that
the potential of man's brain is limitless.
< br>(
研究表明人脑的潜力是无限
的。
)
3
) Much
research has been done on / into diseases of blood
.
(
在血液病方面人们做了很多的研
究
。
)
4
)
Scientists have been researching on / into the
causes of brain damage.
(
科学家
们一直对脑损伤的起因进行研究。
)
5
)
They
felt
very
much
disappointed
as
they
had
been
researching
for
three
years
but
with
no
result. <
/p>
(
做了三年的研究而没有任何结果,他们感到很失望。
)
focus
on
是一个常用词组,意思是“集中”
,在生词部分已作了较为详细
的讲解,在此,请
翻译几个句子:
1
)
他今天准是累了,他无法把注意力集中在工作上。
(He must be very tired today, he just
couldn't focus his attention to his work.)
2
)
她觉得很不自在,因为所有的目光都注视着她。
(She
felt
very
uneasy
as
all
eyes
were
focused on her.)
3
)
这本书着重谈了中东的形势。<
/p>
(
This book focuses on the
situation in the Middle
East.
)
a number
of
的意思是
“许多”
。
请看下面的例句,
注意
a number of
和
the number of
的区别:
1
) A number of factories
have been shut down because of pollution problems.
(
由于污染问题许多工厂被关闭了。
)
2
) A number of
students have handed in their application forms.
p>
(
许多学生都递交了申请表。
)
3
) The number of
students in our school increases every year.
(
我们学校的学生人数每年都在增
加。
)
4
) The
number of passengers who were injured in the
accident is still unknown.
(
在事故中受伤的乘客人数还不知道。
)
2
. It is useful to know how
these principles work.
it
在句中做形式主语,真正的主语
to know how
these principles work
,此类结构我们在第一
< br>和第二单元已有了解。请看下面的句子:
1
) It is necessary to learn
how to use the computer.
(
学会如
何使用计算机很有必要。
)
2
) It is important to find
out why the forest fire broke out.
(
找出森林大火的原因很重要。
)
3
) It is difficult to know
what he is thinking about.
(
要
想知道他在想什么很困难。
)
work
在本句中的意思是“起作用;产生影响”
,请翻译下面的句子:
1
) The doctor said that the
medicine would work.
(
医生说药会起作
用的。
)
2
) They didn't think his
plan would work.
(
他们认为他的计划行不通
。
)
3
)
They didn't expect that the teacher's
encouragement would work such a change in him.
(
他们没有料到老师的鼓励会使他产生如此变化。
)
3
.
Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
affect
是动词,意思是“影响”
。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词
affect
和名词
effect
混淆,
请注意下面的句子:
p>
1
) The drought
would surely affect the harvest.
(
这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。
)
2
) Excessive smoking
affected his health, bad coughs often made it
difficult to breathe.
(
过度吸烟影
响了他的健康,严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。
)
3
) Psychologists believe
that colors have a definite effect on people.
(
心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。
)
4
) We could all see
the effects of the illness on him.
(
我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。
)
5
)
职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。
(The change
in position greatly affected his income.)
6
)
他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。
(What he said
had little effect on the audience.)
4
. Information that doesn't
make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
p>
that
引导的定语从句修饰
inform
ation;
主句是
Information is
difficult to remember.
不定式
to
remember
用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子:
1
) Einstein was easy to get
along with.
(
爱因斯坦很容易相处。
)
2
) To many
foreigners, Chinese is hard to learn.
(<
/p>
对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。
)
3
) The water in this river
is not fit to drink.
(
这条河里的水不
适合饮用。
)
4
) This question is very
difficult to answer.
(
这个问题很难回
答。
)
make sense
p>
的意思是“有意义;可理解”
。请看下面的句子:
< br>
1
) No matter how you
read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to
me.
(
无论你怎么读,我都不理解这个句子。
)
2
) What
the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't
make any sense to the readers.
(
读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。
)
3
) His explanation makes no
sense to his students.
(
学生们不理
解他的解释。
)
5
. Organization also makes a
difference in our ability to remember.
动词不定式
to remember
在
句中做定语,修饰名词
ability
。请看下面的句子:
p>
1
) You should have
confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.
(
你们应对自己完成认务的能力
有信心。
p>
)
2
) He
has kept the promise to come early in the morning.
(
他遵守了一大早来的诺言。
)
3
) They have the
determination to overcome all the difficulties.
(
他们有克服所有困难的决心。
)
4
) We could see her
anxiety to solve the problem.
(
我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。
)
make a difference
的意思是“有关系;有
影响;起作用”
。请看下面的句子:
1
) What he said would not
make any difference in my decision-making.
(
他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。
)
2
) Your
participation in the work will make a great differ
ence.
(
你参与我们的工作,
情况
就不一
样了。
)
3
) Money won't make much
difference to him.
(
钱对他起不了多大作
用。
)
4
)
I didn't like the appearance of the house, but the
location and price made all the difference.
(
我不喜欢那房子的外观,但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。
)
6
. Material
that is organized is better remembered than
jumbled information.
句中的
bett
er
是副词
well
的比较级形式,意
思是“更好地”
。请看下面的句子:
1
) This story is better
written than that one.
(
这个故事写
得比那个好。
)
2
) This room is better
furnished than that one.
(
这间屋
子装饰得比那间好。
)
3
) This team is better
trained than that one.
(
这个队训练
得比那个队好。
)
4
) This job is better paid
than that one.
(
这份工作的报酬比那份高。<
/p>
)
information
是一个不可数名词,不能在其后加“
-s
”
。请看例句:
1
)
There are many ways of obtaining information.
(
获得信息的途径很多。
)
2
) So far I haven't got
any information about the game.
(
我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消
息。
)
3
) I am sure this
piece of information will be of great value to
them.
(
我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。
)
7
.
Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of
information.
在第一单元的
Text
B
中我们已经对
consist of
有所了解。
这一词组的意思是
“由…组成”
,
它
与
be made up
of
;
be composed of
的意思相近,但
consist of
不用被动语态。请看例句:
1
) The United States
consists of
50
states.
(
美国由
50
个州组成。<
/p>
)
2
)
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland.
(
英国由大不立颠和北
爱尔兰组成。
)
3
) Their team is made up of
6
team members.
(<
/p>
他们队由
6
名队员组成。
)
4
) Our
class is made up of
45
stude
nts.
(
我们班由
45
名同学组成。
)
a bi
t
在句中的意思是“一点,一些”
,它可以用在形容词的前面<
/p>
,
但是不能用在名词的前面。
在名词前
面必须用
a bit
of
。请看下面的例句:
1
) I am a bit tired today.
p>
(
我今天有点累。
)
2
) He said he was bit hung
ry.
(
他说他有点饿。
)
3
) Your article is a
bit long for our paper.
(
你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。
)
4
) He gave the bird a bit of
water.
(
他给了鸟儿一点水。
)
5
) I would
appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good
advice.
(
如果你能给我一
点宝贵建议我会很感激的。
)
6
) I only know a bit of
Spanish.
(
我只懂一点点西班牙语。
)
8
.
Categorizing is another means of organization.
句中的
means
是一个名词,意思是“方式
;手段”
,它不是动词
mean
的第三
人称单数。请
看下面的例句:
1
) The quickest means of
travel is by plane.
(
最快的旅行方式
是乘飞机。
)
2
) Bicycle is the most
convenient means of transport.
(
自行车是最方便的交通工具。
)
3
) Email is a modern means
of communication.
(
电子邮件是一种现代
通讯方式。
)
4
) He means what he says.
p>
(
他说话算数。
)
5
) Forgetting the past means
betrayal.
(
忘记过去就意味着背叛。
)
9
. Many
people will group them into similar categories and
remember them as follows
:
group into
在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”
。请看例句:
1
) We can group the animals
into several types.
(
我们可以把这些
动物归成几类。
)
2
) Group the words into
similar categories and they will be more easily to
remember.
(
把类型相似
的单词归类,记起来就更容易了。
)
as follows
的意思是“如下”
,请看例句:
1
) The full text reads as
follows:
(
全文如下:
)<
/p>
2
) The results
are as follows:
(
结果如下:
)
10
.
Association refers to taking the material we want
to remember and relating it tosomething we
remember accurately.
refer
to
这一词组的意思很多
,我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉
及;指”
< br>。请看下面的句子:
1
)
In the second chapter I will refer to this point a
gain.
(
在第二章中,我还会提到这一点的。
)
2
) The
numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.
(
我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。
)
3
) The author referred
to his grandfather several times in his story.
(
作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。
)<
/p>
we
want
to
remember
和
we
remember
accurately
都是省略了
that
p>
的定语从句,前者修饰
material
,
后者修饰
something
。请看例句:
1
) The book you gave me
is very interesting.
(
你给我的那本书
很有趣。
)
2
)
The
news
he
told
me
disturbed
all
of
us
greatly.
(
他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不
安。
)
3
)
The information you gathered is of great help to m
e.
(
你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。
)
句子中的
it
< br>指的是
the material
。
relate
…
to
在句子中的
意思是“与…有关系”
,请看例句:
1
) His talk mainly related
to environmental protection.
(
他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。
)
2
) This regulation relates
only to children under
12
.
p>
(
这一规则仅适用于
12
< br>岁以下儿童。
)
11
. Research has shown
striking improvements in many types of memory
tasks when people are
asked to
visualize the items to be remembered.
s
triking
在句子中做形容词用,意思是“显著的,引人注目的”
< br>,请看例句:
1
) They
made a striking commercial success within
5
years.
(
在
5
年的时间里,他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。<
/p>
)
2
)
Helen's facial features bore a striking
resemblance to her mother's.
(
海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。
)
3
) I am not sure whether he
can make it this time. I just feel he has a
striking lack of confidence.
(
我不能确定他这次能否成功,其只是觉得他明显信心不足。
)
to be
remembered
不定式的被动形式做定语,修饰
the
items
。请看例句:
1
) There are a lot of things
to be done.
(
有很多事要做。
)
2
) Are you
going to the press conference to be held this
weekend?
(
你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗?
)
3
)
This was the first project to be designed John's
brother.
(
这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工
程。
)
12
. In one study, subjects
in one group were asked to learn some words using
imagery, while the
second group used
repetition to learn the words.
subject
在本句中做名词用,意思是“受试者,实验对象”
。
Subject
这个词的词义很多,请看
例句,注意
subject
的词义:
1
) The subject of
today's discussion is
“
Population and Education
”
.
(
今天讨论的题
目是“人
口与教育”
。
)
2
) The teacher
explained in details the subject of the story to
the whole class.
(
老师把故事的主题详细
讲给全班同学听。
)
3
) How many subjects are you
taking this semester?
(
这学期你选几
门课?
)
4
) He became the subject for
ridicule.
(
他成了人们取笑的对象。
)
5
) Rabbits
and mice are often subjects for medical experiment
s.
(
兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对
象
。
)
6
)
He is a Chinese subject.
(
他是中
国国民。
)
7
) This sentence doesn't
have a subject.
(
这个句子没有主语。
)
subject
还常常做动词或形容词用,请看例句:
1
) The country was once
subjected to foreign rule.
(
这
个国家曾一度受外国统治。
)
2
) Taipei was subjected to
serious earthquakes last year.
(
< br>台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。
)
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