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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧
一、阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项
1
、先看问题，再读文章
带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句
2
、细读全文，认真推敲
细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词
3
、复读全文，验证答案
在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文
二、能力·思维·方法
1
、主旨大意题：
这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）
进行分析、
概括，归纳相关部分的中心大
意
(Main idea)
，选择标题（
title
）
，判断作者的写作目的（
purpo
se
）等，这一项考查的是文章
的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文
常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，
有时也出现在结尾。当然更重
要的是从全文去把握
.
常见问题形式有：
(1)The
subject/topic
of the article is ……
(2)Which of the following best
expresses
the main idea
of
the passage?
(3)What does the
passage/author
mainly
discuss
?
(4)What’s
the
main point/main idea/central
thought
of the passage?
(5)Which of the following is
the best title
of the
passage?
主旨大意题应注意的问题：
1
）开门见山
,
提出主题
,
随之用细节来解释
,
支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想
.
最
常见的演绎法写作方式
.
Today the problem of environment has
become more and more serious. The world population
is rising, so quickly that the world
has become too crowded. We are using up our
natural resources
too quickly and at
the same time we are polluting our environment
with dangerous chemicals. If
we
continue to do this, human life on earth will not
survive.
2
）
首尾呼应
.
为突出主题
,
作者先提出主题
,
结尾时再次点出主题
,
这种首尾呼应的写作
方式较为多见
.
但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复
,
后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或
发展的意味
.
(
首段）
Shu Pulong
has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,
“
It was seeing people
with snakes bites that led me to the
career.
”
she
said
…
（尾段）
“
The
sad
story
touched
me
so
much
that
I
decided
to
devote
myself
to
helping
people
bitten by snakes.
”
Shu said.
3
）
先表述细节
,
后归纳要点
,
印象
,
结论建议或结果
,
以概括主题
.
这是英语中最常见的
归纳法写作方式
【注意】
分清细节和结论
4
）无主题句
.
即主题句
隐含在全文中
,
没有明确的主题句
.
必须根据文篇中所提供的事
1
实细节，
进行全面考虑，
综合分析，
然后找出共同的东西，
归纳成一般概念。
必须
注意的是，
既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分
.
【例题】
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the
University of Paris and decided to leave his
graduation.
He transferred to the
University of Berlin and graduated with honors.
Harvard Law School and,
later,
Boston
College
provided
him
with
an
excellent
legal
background.
He
is
presently
a
corporation lawyer in
Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main
idea of the passage?
＿＿＿＿
A. How
Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent
student.
C.
Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good
lawyer needs good education.
2
、事实细节题：
主要考查学生
对阅读材料中的
某一特定细节或文章
的主要事实的理解能力
,
问题主要
包括
询问人
(who)
、物
(what)<
/p>
、时间
(when)
、地点
(where)
、原因
(cause)
、结果
(effect)
、文中的
< br>数据
(data)
等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考
具体细节。
常见问题形式有
（
1
）
三正一误
(
三项正确，只有一项不符合原文
内容
)
或三误一正：
Which of the following is
true/false
except…?
Which of the following is
mentioned
except
…?
（
2
）定义
（
3
）年代
与数字
（
4
）比较
（
5
）原因和结果
细节理解应注意的问题：
1
）对应性
正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应
2
）准确性
此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转
换，
在转换过程中，
做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换
的准确性，
常常将细节信息中的
范围、
程度、语义色彩等
改变，从而导致错误。
3
）区分性：
有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文
中一模一
样的字眼来迷惑考生，
让考生不加思索地选定答案，<
/p>
而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字
眼压根就不是对应同一事情
.
【例题
1
】
Laupepa expressed
dissatisfaction with the United States for
refusing to sign the
Kyoto
Protocol,
an
international
agreement
calling
for
industrialized
nations
to
reduce
their
greenhouse
gas
em
issions
（导致温室效应的气体排放）
,which
are
a
main
cause
of
global
warming .
“By refusing to
sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken
away the freedom of
future generations
of Tuvaluans to live there,” Laupepa told the
BBC.
56
．
Laupepa was
not satisfied with the United States because it
did not
.
A
．
agree to reduce
its greenhouse gas emissions
B
．
sign an
agreement with Tuvalu
C
．
allow Tuvaluans
to move to the US
D
．
believe the
problems facing Tuvalu were real
3
、推理判断题：
< br>要求考生在理解原文直接陈述观点的基础上领悟作者的言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推
理，
得出符合作者意愿的结论。
即要求考生根据文章提供的线
索和事实进行逻辑推理，
推测
作者未提到过的事实或某事发生的
可能性，
将间接论据连贯起来，
得出一个合理
< br>（指准确地
2
从原文中推理，而不是读者主观认为的合理）的结论。
(2)The passage
suggests/implies
that
…
(3)The author may probably
agree with/support
…
常见问题形式有
(1)It can
be
inferred/concluded from
the passage
that …
(4)By the first
sentence of the second paragraph, the author
means
…
(5)The author
seems to be
in favor of/be
against
…
(6)The author’s
purpose
of writing this passage is …
推理判断题规律方法
推断就
是从已知的事件中推测未知事件
（指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来或根据
作者提供的信息可能引出的必然结论）
，所以这类题目找不到直接答案，
只可以找出供推论
的依据。
【小技巧
】
不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义词解释的选项。
1)
不选事实细节选项
2)
不选非事实选项
3)
选概括性
/
哲理性的选项
【例题
1
】
Britain almost more than
any other country in the world
must
seriously face the
problem
of
building
upwards,
that
is
to
say,
of
accommodating
a
considerable proportion
of
its
population in high
blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman
objects to this type of existence,
but
if the case is such, he does in fact differ from
the inhabitants of most countries of the world
today.
We can infer from the
passage that _______.
h people, like
most people in other countries, dislike living in
flats.
B. People in most countries of
the world today are not opposed to living in flats
C. People in Britain are forced to move
into high blocks of flats
D. Modern
flats still fail to provide the necessary
facilities for living.
【例题
2
】
When the young waitress
near my house started saying hello to me every
day, I was
very happy. She was at least
fifteen years younger than I.
One day she signed me to come near.
When I walked over, she
asked,
“
Are you
single?
?
“
Why,
yes.
?
“
So is my
mother.
“
Would you like to
meet her?
?
1. The
writer talked about the waitress' age because he
thought___________.
was young
a pleasure to
make friends with her
?
C. she was beautiful
D. it strange for her to fall in love
with him
2. The waitress said hello to
the writer every day
because___________.
?
lived near his house
often went to visit her
mother
?
C. she
wanted to be friendly with him
D.
she loved him very much
?
4
、猜测词义题：
常见问题形式有
(1)The
word “…” in Line …
means
/can
be best
replaced by
…
(2)As used in
the passage, the phrase “…”
suggests
…
3
(3)From the passage, we
can infer that the word/phrase
“…”
is/refers to
…
(4)The word “…” is
closest
in meaning to
…
猜测词义题规律方法
在通读过程碰到
生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外，
我们也可以通过<
/p>
构词法
知识分析生词词义，
或通过
上下文
猜测，
尤其是本句话以及前后两句
话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。
【例题
1
】
If you are a recent social graduate who
has had to listen about unemployment from
your computer major classmates, you may
have had the last laugh. There are many advantages
for
the
social
science
major
because
this
high-
tech
“Information
Age”
demands
people
who
are
flexible
and who have good communication skills.
Q:
By saying
that “You may have had the last laugh,” the author
means that you may have ____.
A. shared the jokes with computer
majors
B.
earned as much as computer majors
C.
found jobs more easily than computer majors.
D. stopped joking about
computer majors
【例题
2
< br>】
As the oceans are the source of
life on earth, the estuaries are our planet's
nurseries. An
estuary is the body of
water where a river meets the ocean. Salt water
from the ocean and fresh
water
from
the
river
mix
together
in
an
estuary.
This
mixing
of
fresh
and
salt
water
creates
a
unique
environment filled with life of all kinds --- a
zone between the land and the sea. Estuaries
are the homes of thousands of animals
and plants. Many cities and towns are built near
estuaries,
and a lot of fish is caught
in estuaries.
Q:
What does
“
unique
” mean in the
passage? A. perfect
B. strange
C. clean
D. special
【例题
3
】
The
Chinese people
’
s love affair
with jade(
翡翠
) is a long and
unbroken one. For five
thousand
years,
Chinese
have
enjoyed
wearing,
collecting
and
appreciating
jade.
And
Chinese
craftsmen(
工匠
)
have
created
a
great
number
and
variety
of
fine
works
in
jade.
Starting
from
Tuesday,
an
exhibition
entitled
“
Romance
with
Jade”
opens
at
Beijing’s
Palace
Museum,
also
known as the Forbidden City. And for
many of the valuable stones, it’s a genuine
homecoming.
If these pieces
of jade had feeling, they’d probably be
sighing over the unusual cycle of life.
After several hundred years of changing
hands, including being shipped overseas, the art
works
have finally come home. For many
of the pieces, their return is especially
meaningful, since the
Forbidden
City
was
wher
e
they
were
originally
housed.
And
this
wouldn’t
have
been
possible
without the efforts of one man.
68. By saying “it’s a genuine
homecoming”, the writer means that the valuable
stones have come
to the place ________.
A. where they were “born”
B.
where they’re loved
best
C. where they were
originally kept
D. where
they’ll be kept properly
69.
Some pieces of jade are said to have had an
“unusual cycle of life” because they have
____.
A. survived many
different dynasties
B.
witnessed(
见证
) lifestyles of
various people
C. been
marked with signs of damage
D. traveled
here and there from hand to hand
5
、理解作者的观点和态度题：
4
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