考研英语一新题型历年真题(2005--2012)全全全

考研英语新题型

全 真试题（

2005-2008

）

2005

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose

the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are

two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER

SHEET 1. (10 points)

Canada

’

s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath

left

after

complaining

about

Ottawa

at

their

late

July

annual

meeting,

might

spare

a

moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.

They

’

re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component

of which are pharmaceutical costs.

41.

________

What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health

care -- to say

nothing of reports

from other experts -- recommended

the creation of

a

national drug agency

. Instead of each province

having

its own

list of approved drugs,

bureaucracy

, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work

with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

42.

________

But

―

national

‖

doesn

’

t have to mean that. < /p>

―

National

‖

< br> could mean interprovincial --

provinces combining efforts to create one body

.

Either way

, one benefit of a

―

‖

organization would be to

negotiate better

prices,

if

possible,

with

drug

manufacturers.

Instead

of

having

one

province

--

or

a

series

of

hospitals

within

a

province

--

negotiate

a

price

for

a

given

drug

on

the

provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.

Rather

than,

say

,

Quebec,

negotiating

on

behalf

of

seven

million

people,

the

national

agency

would

negotiate

on

behalf

of

31

million

people.

Basic

economics

suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.

43.

________

A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation

of

the

Canadian

Coordinating

Office

for

Health

Technology

Assessment,

funded

by

Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial

lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused

to join.

A

few

premiers

are

suspicious

of

any

federal-provincial

deal-making.

They

(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with

few, if any

, strings attached. That

’

s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn

’

t gone

anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.

44.

________

Premiers

love

to

quote

Mr.

Romanow

’

s

report

selectively

,

especially

the

parts

61

about more federal money

. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:

―

A

national

drug

agency

would

provide

governments

more

influence

on

pharmaceutical

companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.

‖

45.

________

So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list,

they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their

budgets and patients.

[A] Quebec

’

s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology

. One of the

first

advocates

for

a

national

list

was

a

researcher

at

Laval

University

.

Quebec

’

s

Drug

Insurance

Fund

has

seen

its

costs

skyrocket

with

annual

increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!

[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby

’

s

report:

―the

substantial buying power of such

an agency would strengthen

the public prescription-drug

insurance plans

to

negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.

‖

[C]

What

does

―

national

‖

mean?

Roy

Romanow

and

Senator

Michael

Kirby

recommended

a

federal-provincial

body

much

like

the

recently

created

National Health Council.

[D]

The

problem

is

simple

and

stark:

health-care

costs

have

been,

are,

and

will

continue to increase faster than government revenues.

[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug

costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.

Part of the

increase

comes

from drugs being

used to

replace other kinds of

treatments. Part of

it arises

from

new drugs costing

more

than older kinds.

Part of it is higher prices.

[F] So, if

the provinces want to run the

health-care show,

they should prove they

can

run

it,

starting

with

an

interprovincial

health

list

that

would

end

duplication,

save

administrative

costs,

prevent

one

province

from

being

played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers;

they can lobby better that way

. They can use the threat of removing jobs from

one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug

on its list, the p

ressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t

like a national agency

, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

62

2006

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose

the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are

two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER

SHEET 1. (10 points)

On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,

52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of

gambling

in

that

casino,

Williams,

a

state

auditor

earning

$$35,000

a

year,

lost

approximately $$175,000.

He

had

never

gambled before the casino sent

him

a coupon

for $$20 worth of gambling.

He visited the casino,

lost the $$20 and

left. On

his second

visit

he

lost $$800. The

casino

issued to him, as a

good customer, a Fun Card, which

when used

in the casino

earns points for

meals and drinks, and enables

the casino to track the

user

’

s gambling

activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine.

(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $$21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March

1997 he lost $$72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until

the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now

he

is

suing

the

casino,

charging

that

it

should

have

refused

his

patronage

because

it

knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

In

March

1998,

a

friend

of

Williams

’

s

got

him

involuntarily

confined

to

a

treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams

’

s gambling

problems. The casino

included a photo of Williams among those of banned

gamblers,

and wrote to him a

―cease admissions‖ letter

. Noting the medical/psychological nature

of

problem

gambling

behaviors,

the

letter

said

that

before

being

readmitted

to

the

casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that

patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

(42) ________.

The Wall Street Journal

reports that

the casino has 20 signs

warning:

―

Enjoy the

fun... and always bet with your head, not over it

.‖

Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free

number

for counseling

from the

Indiana

Department of Mental

Health. Nevertheless,

Williams’s

suit

charges

that

the

casino,

knowing

he

was

―helplessly

addicted

to

gambling,

‖ intentionally worked to ―l

ur

e‖ him to ―engage in conduct against his will

.

‖

Well.

(43) ________.

The

fourth edition of

the Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorders

(DSM-IV)

says

―

pathological

gambling

‖

involves

persistent,

recurring

and

uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

(44)

________.

Pushed

by

science,

or

what

claims

to

be

science,

society

is

reclassifying

what

once

were

considered

character

flaws

or

moral

failings

as

personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

(45) ________.

Forty-four states

have

lotteries, 29

have casinos, and

most of

these

states are

to

varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering.

63

And

since

the

first

Internet

gambling

site

was

created

in

1995,

competition

for

gambler

s’ dollars

has become

intense.

The Oct. 28

issue of

Newsweek

reported that 2

million

gamblers patronize 1,800

virtual casinos

every

week. With $$3.5 billion being

lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most

profitable business.

[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino

’

s marketing department

continued to pepper

him

with

mailings. And

he entered

the casino and

used

his Fun Card without being detected.

[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in

what sense was his will operative?

[C] By the time

he had

lost $$5,000 he said to

himself

that

if

he could get back to

even, he would quit. One night he won $$5,500, but he did not quit.

[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long

time

it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now

it

is a social

policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America

is government.

[E] David Williams

’

s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don

’

t bet on it.

[F]

It

is

worrisome

that

society

is

medicalizing

more

and

more

behavioral

problems,

often

defining

as

addictions

what

earlier,

sterner

generations

explained as weakness of will.

[G]

The anonymous,

lonely,

undistracted

nature of online

gambling

is especially

conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to

move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

64

2007

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose

the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are

two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER

SHEET 1. (10 points)

A. Set a Good Example for Y

our Kids

B. Build Y

our Kids’ Work Skills

C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

F. Help Y

our Kids Figure Out Who They Are

G

. Build Y

our Kids’ Sense of Responsibility

How Can a Parent Help?

Mothers and

fathers can do a

lot to ensure a safe

landing

in

early adulthood

for

their kids.

Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s

need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the

start-up adult

is ready

for the

move. Here are a

few

measures, drawn

from

my book

Ready or Not, Here Life Comes

, that parents can take to prevent what call

―work

-life

unreadiness.‖

大

41

家

Y

ou

can

start

this

process

when

they

are

11

or

12.

Periodically

review

their

emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,

like

difficulty

in

communicating

well

or

collaborating.

Also,

identify

the

kinds

of

interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them

best.

大

42

家

Kids need a range of authentic role models

–

as opposed to members of their clique,

pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the

family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your

own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When

asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying ―I have no idea.‖

They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of

little good.

大

43

家

Teachers

are

responsible

for

teaching

kids

how

to

learn;

parents

should

be

responsible

for teaching

them

how

to

work.

Assign responsibilities around the

house

65

and

make sure

homework deadlines are

met.

Encourage

teenagers to

take a part- time

job.

Kids

need

plenty

of

practice

delaying

gratification

and

deploying

effective

organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.

大

44

家

Playing

video

games

encourages

immediate content.

And

hours of watching TV

shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way

.

At the same time,

listening

through earphones to the same

monotonous beats

for

long

stretches

encourages

kids

to

stay

inside

their

bubble

instead

of

pursuing

other

endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and

thinking

skills

and

make

it

difficult

for

kids

to

develop

the

kind

of

sustained

concentration they will need for most jobs.

大

45

家

They

should know

how to deal with setbacks,

stress

and

feeling of

inadequacy

.

They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm

and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and

help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

What

about

the

son

or

daughter

who

is

grown

but

seems

to

be

struggling

and

wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still

have a

major role to play

,

but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed

in their child.

They should exhibit strong

interest and respect

for whatever currently

interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming

a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that

they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

66

2008

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose

the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are

two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER

SHEET 1. (10 points)

The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else

instead of

writing

has ended.

The

first draft will appear on the page only

if

you stop

avoiding the inevitable and sit, and stand up, or lie down to write. (41) __________.

Be

flexible.

Y

our outline should smoothly conduct

you

from one point to the

next,

but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now,

work it into the draft. (42) ________Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until

you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when

you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search fo

r errors.

(43) ________Y

our pages will be easier to keep track of that way

, and ,if you have to

clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.

It you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to

make additions and deletions as

well as

move entire paragraphs by

making just a

few

simple

keyboard

commands.

Some

software

programs

can

also

check

spelling

and

certain

grammatical

elements

in

your

writing.

(44)

________ .These

printouts

also

easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.

Once

you

have a

first draft on paper,

you can delete

material

that

is

unrelated

to

your thesis and add

material

necessary

to

illustrate

your points and

make

your paper

convincing. The students who wrote

―

The A & P as a State of Mind

‖

wisely dropped a

paragraph

that

questioned

whether

Sammy

displays

chauvinistic

attitudes

toward

women. (45) ________

Remember

that

your

initial

draft

is

only

that.

Y

ou

should

go

through

the

paper

many times

―

and then again

‖

working to substantiate an clarify

your

ideas.

Y

ou

may

even

end

up

with several

entire

versions of

the paper.

Rewrite.

The sentences within

each

paragraph

should

be

related

to

a

single

topic.

Transitions

should

connect

one

paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy

phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded

into shape.

A)

To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines

so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only

one side of the paper.

After

you

have clearly

and adequately, developed the body of

your paper,

pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It

’

s

probably best to

write the

introduction

last, after you know precisely

what

you

are

introducing.

Concluding

paragraphs

demand

equal

attention

because they leave the reader with a final impression.

It

’

s

worth

remembering,

however,

that

though

a

clean

copy

fresh

off

a

printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing

67

B)

C)

that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and

print

their pages each time they

finish a draft to avoid

losing any

material

because of power failures or other problems.

D)

It

make

no difference

how

you

write, just so

you do. Now

that

you

have

developed a topic

into

a tentative

thesis,

you can

assemble

your

notes

an

begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

Although this

is an

interesting

issue,

it

has

nothing to do

with the

thesis,

which explains how the setting influences Sammy

’

s decision to quit his job.

Instead of

including that paragraph, she added one that described crabbed

response

to

the

girls

so

that

she

could

lead

up

to

the

A

&

P

―

p olicy

‖

he

enforces.

In the

final paragraph about the significance of the setting

in

―

A & P

‖

, the

student brings together

the reasons Sammy quit

his job by referring to

his

refusal to accept store policies.

By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say

,

you

will

very

likely

discover

more

than

your

notes

originally

suggested.

Plenty

of

good

writers

don

’

t

use

outlines

at

all

but

discover

ordering

principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft

the first time around.

E)

F)

G)

68