2020高考英语三模前任务型阅读专题练05(学生版)三年真题研读专练

三年真题·研读专练

三模前任务型阅读专题练

05

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,

故所有专题的题目 序号跟高考真题一致。

题组一

A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the

mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation

that’s hard to

resist. This double whammy(

双重灾难

)is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation(

剥夺

).

Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American

Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced

attention, preventing students’ progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to

physical and emotional problems.

It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what

adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of

their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly

driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.

New technology habits aren’t helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night. The

growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted(

发出

)by LEDs, TVs, tablets and

smartphones suppresses the body’s secretion(

分泌

)of melatonin(

褪黑激素

), the hormone that signals it’s time to

sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it’s still daytime, delaying the body’s cues to

sleep

even further.

Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs

of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright

lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.

In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier

than 8:30 a.m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.

Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators

to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.

Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes

up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.

Title

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Let Teenagers Sleep In

三年真题·研读专练

Introduction

The (71)

▲

of students fail to have enough sleep.

●

Lacking sleep, students fail to (72)

▲

on their study, progress prevented and

Consequences of

insufficient sleep

grades lowered.

●Deprived of sleep, students are

(73)

▲

to suffer from physical and emotional

problems.

●Biologically, adolescents tend to sleep late

and get up (74)

▲

, which can’t

meet the actual needs.

Reasons for sleep

●Long

(75)

▲

to the blue light from screens prevents the body’s secretion of

the hormone sending sleeping signals.

●Parents should set real

(77)

▲

on screen time, and praise children who can

regulate their own media consumption.

(76)

▲

to the

problem

●Before bedtime, parents should create a healthy environment

(78)

▲

from

bright or too strong lights.

●Joint efforts should be made to

(79)

▲

the school start time until, say, 8:30

a.m.

Changes on school start time will (80)

▲

both students and society although

Conclusion

there is a long way to go.

题组二

Most people have a list of wishes

—

things that they think will bring them happiness. Happiness lists are easy

to come up with. However, the mechanism behind them is somewhat complicated, since it involves what

psychologist Daniel Gilbert calls the greatest achievement of the human brain

—

the ability to imagine. To imagine

what will bring joy to our future selves requires mental time travel, which is a unique human skill resulting from

two million years of evolution. We use this skill every day, predicting our future emotions and then making

decisions, whether big or small, according to our forecasts of how they’ll make our fut

ure selves feel.

Yet, our imagination often fails us. When we’re lucky enough to get what we wished for, we discover that it

doesn’t come with everlasting happiness. And when the things we feared come to pass, we realize that they don’t

crush us after all. In dozens of studies, Gilbert has shown that we can mispredict emotional consequences of

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三年真题·研读专练

positive events, such as receiving gifts or winning football games, as much as negative events, like breaking up or

losing an election. This impact bias(

影响偏差

)

—

ov erestimation of the intensity and duration of our emotional

reactions to future events

—

is significant, because the prediction of the duration of our future emotions is what often

shapes our decisions, including those concerning our happiness.

Just as our immune systems work tirelessly to keep our bodies in good health, our psychological immune

systems routinely employ an entire set of cognitive(

认知

)mechanisms in order to deal with life’s habitual attack of

less-than-pleasant circumstances. Actually, our psychological immune system has an impressive feature of its own:

the ability to produce happiness. Thus, when life disappoints us, we “ignore, transform, and rearrange” information

through a variety of creative strategies until the rough edges of negative effects have been dutifully dulled. When

we fail to recognize this ability of our psychological immune systems to produce happiness, we’re likely to make

errors in our affective forecasting.

Happiness, Gilbert points out, is a fast moving target. As passionate as

we’re about finding it, we routinely

misforecast what will make us happy, and how long our joy will last. In reality, he adds that the best way to make

an affective forecast is not to use your imagination, but your eyes. Namely, instead of trying to predict how happy

you’ll be in a particular future, look closely at those who are already in the future that you’re merely

contemplating(

冥想

)and ask how happy they are. If something makes others happy, it’ll likely make you happy as

well.

Forecasting Happiness

●It’s a bit complicated because of the involvement of the human ability to

(71)

▲

.

The mechanism behind

happiness lists

make predictions about our future emotions and then (73)

▲

all our

decisions on them.

The (74)

▲

with predicting happiness

The functions of the

psychological immune

system

●We can make wrong predictions about emotional consequences of positive or

negative events, which can (75)

▲

us from making right decisions.

●Our psychological immune system routinely help

(76)

▲

unpleasant

circumstances in life.

●Our wrong affective forecasting results from our

(77)

▲

to recognize the

●Mental time travel is a unique human skill we use on a(n)

(72)

▲

basis to

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三年真题·研读专练

power of our psychological immune system.

An effective

(78)

▲

to

predict happiness

●Use your eyes

(79)

▲

of your imagination while making affective

forecasts. (80)

▲

others who are in the future that you’re contemplating

and ask how happy they are.

题组三

Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir of

the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere,

once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a

destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing(

封存

)of the mill last

December.

Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice

—

from sheep farming,

the country’s

other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often

coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world,

so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs

that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.

Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages

—

for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day,

when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to

produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian

countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in

place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI). The

recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for

the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce

rainfall and make it more variable.

Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the

developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” sail Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of

Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”

Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations(

浓度

)of carbon dioxide,

the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice

—

although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face

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