-
分
词
作
状
语
解
题
思
路
分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步状语时，分别等于被省略的状语从句或并列谓语结
构。作状语在
句首时，有时可以和
when
，
unless, once, while, if, though
等连词连用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语常和全句主语
一致，可根据主动
、被动关系以及其时态意义，选择现在分词、过去分词的其他形式。
掌握其用法可从以下几个方面入手：
一、掌握分词作状语时与句子主语的关系
1
、
过去分词作状语时，与句子主语（即过去分词的逻辑主
语）存在被动的关系
，有时还表示动作已经完成。例
如：
Seen from the top of the hill, the
train looks like a snake.
（表示被动，分词动作与句子谓
语动作同时发生）从这
座山上看来，火车就像一条蛇。
Told many times, he hasn’t remembered i
t.
（表示被动，分词动作先于句子谓语动作发生）已经被多次告知，他
还是未能记住这事。
而现在分词作状语，与句子主语存在主动关系。
Looking
out of the window, I saw some students playing
there.
使用一般式还是完成式，主语语态还是被动语态，主要根据分
词与句中谓语的时间关系、分词与句中的主
语的关系来确定。
Not having
received his letter for long, she felt a little
worried.
Being
treated, the injured cried all the time.
[
考例
]
①
（
2003
北京）
________ time , he’ll ma
ke a
first
—
class tennis player.
A. Having
given
B. To give
C. Giving
D.
Given
< br>②
（
2000
上海）
_________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the in the United States.
A.
Being founded
B.
It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
③
_______a reply, he decided
to write again.
( 92 )
A.
Not
receiving
B.
Receiving not
C.
Not having received
D. Having not received
④
“We
can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob , ____ out
of the
window. ( 04
四川
吉林
)
A.
looking
B. to look
C. looked
D.
having looked
2
、
某
些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构
，有些甚至具有形容词的特征，因此，虽然它们
作状语时与句子
主语之间存在逻辑意义上的主动关系，
但仍然用
它们的过去分词来作状语。
这类过去分词
（短语）
常见的主要有：
caught in , devoted to
（忠实于；
热爱）
，
d
isappointed at , determined to . Dressed in , exha
usted
（疲惫不堪）
，
hidde
n,
lost in
（沉湎于）
,
prepared for, seated, tired of
（厌倦）等。例如：
Caught in the heavy rain, Jennifer
didn’t arrive on
time.
遭遇大雨，詹妮弗没有按时到达。
Disappointed at the
examination results, the top student sat there in
stony silence.
对考试结果很失望，那位尖子生一
言不发地坐在那儿。
1
Entirely
devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his
life for his country.
对党无限忠诚，这位年轻的士兵为祖国<
/p>
献出了生命。
[
考例
]
⑤
（
NMET1996
）
______ in thought, he almost ran into the car
in front of him.
二、掌握分词作状语在句中的位置
分
词作状语，常位于句首，也可以位于句尾，间或也可位于句中（主语后面）
，均需用逗号
与句子主干分隔开。
例如：
Being sick, I stayed at
home.
Realizing
that she couldn’t move the heavy box, she asked me
to help her.
He came running back to tell me the
news.
Followed
by his assistants, the professor walked out of the
hall.
The
professor walked out of the hall, followed by his
assistants.
The
professor, followed by his assistants, walked out
of the hall.
[
考例
]
⑥
（
2003
北京春）
Mr. Smith, _____of the _____speech,
started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
⑦
(2004
上海春）
After his journey from
abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ____.
A.
exhausting
B. exhausted
C. being
exhausted
D.
having exhausted
三、掌握分词作状语与状语从句之间的转换
< br>分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、让步等。所以这些 短语
往往可以把它转化成对应的从句或句子。
①
表示时间
Looking out
of
the window, I saw some students playing
there.(=When I looked out of the window….)
< br>我从窗户
望出去，看见几个学生在那儿玩。
Heated, water will turn into
vapour.
（
= When it is
heated,….
）水受热就会变成水蒸气。
Asked why he was late , he went red. (=
When he was asked why
….)
问他为什么迟到，他涨红了脸。
Having done my
shopping, I returned home. (= When I had done…/
After I had done
…)
买完东西，
我就回家了。
②
表示原因
Being
League
members,
we
are
ready
to
help
others.
由于我们是团员，我们乐意帮助别人。
(Since
we
are
League
members
，
….)
Inspired by
what he said, we are determined to study
harder.
在他的话的鼓舞下，我们决心更加努力学习。
(Since we are
inspired by what he said, ….)
She asked me to help her,
realizing that she couldn’t move the heavy
suitcase alone.
她请我帮帮她，
因为她意识到
她一个人搬不动那个沉重的衣箱。
Not
knowing his address, I ca
n’t write to
him.
由于不知他的地址，我无法给他写信。
(Since
I didn’t know his
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